Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (Somatomedin A)

A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BLOOD. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults.

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Networked: 1956 relevant articles (33 outcomes, 256 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Huang, Chih-Yang: 15 articles (06/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Belfiore, Antonino: 12 articles (04/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Tsai, Fuu-Jen: 12 articles (01/2012 - 01/2003)
4.	Bach, Leon A: 11 articles (06/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Vigneri, Riccardo: 11 articles (12/2013 - 01/2002)
6.	Schally, Andrew V: 11 articles (12/2008 - 08/2002)
7.	Flyvbjerg, Allan: 10 articles (11/2015 - 03/2003)
8.	Yu, Herbert: 10 articles (09/2013 - 08/2002)
9.	Gunnell, David: 10 articles (01/2013 - 03/2004)
10.	Xu, Haodong: 10 articles (10/2012 - 04/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 02/01/2006 - "This study provides evidence that IGF-II serum levels may serve as an additional parameter for (a) improved determination of tumor staging and (b) better discrimination between BPH and PCa." 07/01/2004 - "Under transient exposure conditions, FP 6/3 was found to be effective when exposure was limited to as few as 10 min and concentrations were as low as 1 nm. These findings with FP 6/3 suggest that it potentially could lead be used as therapy against cancers in which IGF-II is an autocrine growth factor because it brings an inhibition action directly to tumor cells." 12/01/2003 - "After therapy, the IGF-II levels returned to normal in both CIN and cervical cancer patients under remission. " 01/01/2011 - "This study provides novel insight into the mechanism of receptor binding and activation by IGF-II, which may be important for the future development of inhibitors of its action for the treatment of cancer." 10/01/2008 - "Immunohistochemical study revealed positive immunostaining for IGF-II in tumor cells. "
2.	Ovarian Neoplasms (Ovarian Cancer) 04/01/2011 - "Our previous study showed that methylated let-7a-3 was associated with low IGF-II expression and favorable prognosis of ovarian cancer. " 10/01/2007 - "This study shows that methylation varies among three IGF-II promoters in ovarian cancer and that this variation seems to have biologic implications as it relates to clinical features and prognosis of the disease." 12/01/2006 - "In a previous study, we found IGF-II transcription evaluated at a common translated region was associated with ovarian cancer progression. " 02/01/2005 - "The purpose of the current study is to further elucidate the role of the IGF-2 gene in ovarian cancer development and progression. " 01/01/2011 - "Here, the effects of promoter-specific methylation on IGF-II expression are investigated in ovarian cancer. "
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 02/01/2003 - "Interestingly, we could identify small nests of metastases of malignant cells in the nodes (pauci-cellular metastasis) by using IGF-II as the marker. " 04/01/2002 - "IGF-II protein was not correlated with menopausal status, lymph node metastases, nuclear grade, proliferative activity, ER or p53. " 06/15/2001 - "On multivariate analysis, higher Child-Pugh scores and increased plasma IGF-2 levels (Group 3) were found to be independent risk factors for metastasis. " 06/15/2001 - "The authors also examined the association between changes in plasma IGF-2 levels after TACE and HCC progression, especially in relation to metastasis. " 01/01/1999 - "Invasive margins of liver metastases were stained highly by both IGF-2 (70%) and IGF-1R (83%). "
4.	Hypoglycemia (Reactive Hypoglycemia) 02/01/2015 - "Western blot analysis of IGF-II in serum at the time of admission showed a high-molecular-weight form of IGF-II, which was considered to have caused hypoglycemia. " 01/01/2014 - "Accumulating literature provides a firm basis for routine IGF-2 laboratory evaluation in patients presenting with spontaneous hypoglycemia with no readily apparent cause." 03/01/2013 - "In this report, we present a case of benign phyllodes tumour with an unusual presentation of recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia, which can be attributed to secretion of insulin-like growth factor II from the tumour. " 04/01/2011 - "Hypoglycemia caused by insulin-like growth factor II is difficult to control. " 03/01/2010 - "In conclusion, immunoreactive IGF-II was detected in SFT that was not associated with hypoglycemia."
5.	Endometrial Neoplasms (Endometrial Cancer) 05/01/2004 - "The expression of PTEN significantly inhibited the growth of Ishikawa cells, and also significantly inhibited the growth of Ishikawa cells induced by IGF-II. Adenovirus-mediated introduction of exogenous PTEN into human endometrial carcinoma cells can induce growth suppression. " 05/01/2004 - "Women in the highest quartile of IGF-2 were found to have 9.67 (95% confidence interval 3.29-28.43) times the risk of endometrial cancer than women in the lowest quartiles. " 08/01/2003 - "Alterations in Promoter Usage and Expression Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-II and H19 Genes in Cervical and Endometrial Cancer." 12/01/2003 - "Serum IGF-II and IGF-BP3 levels were measured, using ELISA kits (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories), in 23 controls; 16 ASC-US with normal biopsies; 14 ASC-US with advanced CIN; 2 pretherapy CIN-I; 8 successfully treated CIN-I; 24 persistent CIN I; 14 pretherapy CIN II/III; 10 posttherapy CIN II/III with normal biopsies; 18 persistent CIN-II/III; 7 with pretherapy cervical cancer; 19 with posttherapy cervical cancer under remission; 15 with posttherapy persistent/recurrent cervical cancer; 10 with persistent ovarian or endometrial cancer; and 3 with endometrial or vulvar with cervical cancer. " 09/01/2005 - "Serum IGF-II levels were normal in ASCUS with normal biopsy, successfully treated CIN-I, II/III, cervical cancer as well as pre-therapy ovarian and endometrial cancers (therapy efficacy: P < 0.0001 by chi-square analysis). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1)
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
3.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3
4.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (Somatomedin A)
5.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
6.	Insulin (Novolin)
7.	Carrier Proteins (Binding Protein)
8.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2
9.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins
10.	Transforming Growth Factor alpha (TGF-alpha)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
4.	Ligation
5.	Chemoprevention