Insect Bites and Stings (Insect Bite)

05/01/2001 - "In our 1976 controlled venom immuno rapy trial, 33% of 182 patients with a history of systemic reactions to insect stings were excluded because of negative venom skin test responses. "
12/01/2010 - "In some patients persistent severe reactions after insect sting can even occur in spite of venom therapy, as a sign of therapy failure. "
10/01/2004 - "Fifty-seven consecutive patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom as defined by a systemic reaction after an insect sting, and 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects with a negative history were included. "
07/01/2004 - "Lastly, there are new recommendations for patients with convincing insect sting reaction histories but negative skin test responses to venom."
01/01/1997 - "The prevalence of insect-sting reactions and of venom sensitization in Greece is unknown. "

01/01/2015 - "It is usually triggered by an agent such as a food, insect sting, or medication, through a mechanism involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cells or basophils. "
12/01/2009 - "BAT is also diagnostic in majority of patients with systemic reactions after insect stings and no detectable IgE. "
02/01/2008 - "It is usually triggered by an agent such as an insect sting, food, or medication, through a mechanism involving IgE and the high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cells or basophils. "
10/01/1999 - "Blood samples for analysis of specific IgE concentrations (CAP system, Pharmacia Diagnostics, Sweden) were collected within 2 weeks and 5+/-2 weeks after the insect sting. "
06/01/1996 - "Of those exhibiting HV-specific IgE, 7.1% reported SAR to insect stings. "

05/01/1993 - "infestans saliva at 18-35 kDa; however, the components did not react with antibodies of mice exposed to insect bites."
05/01/1986 - "The purpose of this study was to extend previous findings of elevated antivenom IgE antibodies in sera from persons experiencing fatal insect sting reactions. "
11/01/2002 - "IgE antibodies against these carbohydrate structures are induced upon exposure to pollen or after insect stings, and result in extensive cross-reactivity to plant and invertebrate foods. "
06/01/1996 - "Specific serum IgE to HV was significantly associated with male sex (female vs. male, OR = 0.47; CI 0.25-0.86), young age (children vs. adults, OR = 2.80; CI 1.25-6.28), a history of SAR to insect stings (OR = 4.16; CI 1.15-15.03), total sIgE > 100 kU/l (OR = 3.88; CI 1.98-7.60), and specific IgE antibodies to three of the four aeroallergens (grass pollen, OR = 7.24 CI 3.66-14.38; birch pollen, OR = 3.67 CI 1.54-8.81; and house-dust mite, OR = 4.61 CI 2.08-10.32). "
06/01/1996 - "A total of 277 voluntarily participating inhabitants of rural Bavaria (Germany) (232 adults, mean age 38.0 years; 45 children, mean age 8.4 years) were investigated for a history of atopic disease or SAR to insect stings; in 258 of these, total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to HV (Apis mellifera, Vespula vulgaris/germanica) and four common aeroallergens (birch pollen, grass pollen, house-dust mite, and cat dander) in the serum were determined. "

08/15/2012 - "Thus, insect bites may deliver salivary Ags that initiate a cross-reactive IgG4 Ab response in genetically susceptible individuals and lead to subsequent FS. "
12/01/2009 - "Based on epidemiological observations, the authors hypothesize that the pathogenic IgG4 response in FS may be triggered by hematophagous insect bites."
08/01/2012 - "History of insect bite, and blood transfusion and transplantation were risk factors for being positive by RT-PCR (P=0·048) and being IgG positive (P=0·024), respectively. "
09/01/1992 - "We performed 211 insect sting challenges in 109 patients over a 4-year period to determine the significance of venom IgG levels 3 micrograms/ml or lower. "
07/01/1986 - "This data shows that IgG4 antibodies are maintained in the absence of monthly maintenance injections and suggests that they may provide long lasting clinical protection from insect stings."

01/01/2013 - "Any clear relationship between EP and exposure to allergens or insect bites has yet to be elucidated. "
05/01/2010 - "The triggering factors for EIA are as follows: significant exposure to airborne allergens, insect sting, weather extremes, higher air humidity, taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. "
07/15/2015 - "Developing a preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity using recombinant allergens: A pilot study."
07/01/2014 - "Allergies are often suspected in cats and they are mainly hypersensitivity reactions against insect bites, food- or environmental allergens. "
04/01/2014 - "Evaluation of a diagnostic ELISA for insect bite hypersensitivity in horses using recombinant Obsoletus complex allergens."

02/01/2011 - "A total of 79% of patients with a food-related ICD-9 code and 59% of patients with an insect sting-related ICD-9 code refilled epinephrine at least once. "
10/26/1970 - "Epinephrine aerosol for insect sting reactions."
12/01/2008 - "Treatment with epinephrine in the emergency department (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.6-7.9; P = .001) and insect sting as the inciting allergen (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.6-10.5; P = .004) were significantly associated with receiving a prescription for self-injectable epinephrine. "
08/01/1981 - "Emergency treatment of insect sting reactions -- should adrenaline be available in schools and camps?"
08/05/1996 - "The article is based on former studies and experiences, related to the usage of an adrenaline aerosol spray for the treatment of anaphylactic reactions after an insect sting. "

03/15/2008 - "Reduced incidence of insect-bite hypersensitivity in Icelandic horses is associated with a down-regulation of interleukin-4 by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1."
11/01/2014 - "One of the best described examples of such pathological sequelae is insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) of horses; an IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity to the salivary proteins of Culicoides spp. associated with T-helper-2 production of IL4 and IL13. "

03/15/2008 - "Reduced incidence of insect-bite hypersensitivity in Icelandic horses is associated with a down-regulation of interleukin-4 by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1."

06/01/2002 - "Among the claims made for lavender oil are that is it antibacterial, antifungal, carminative (smooth muscle relaxing), sedative, antidepressive and effective for burns and insect bites. "

08/01/2011 - "In the present study, we undertook a large-scale analysis of proteins belonging to the olfactory system of Agam with the aim of preventing insect bites by designing strong olfactory repellents. "
09/15/2010 - "Cloning, production and characterization of antigen 5 like proteins from Simulium vittatum and Culicoides nubeculosus, the first cross-reactive allergen associated with equine insect bite hypersensitivity."
06/01/2009 - "In addition, several families of abundant proteins with unknown function were identified including some of the major candidate allergens that cause insect bite hypersensitivity in horses."

11/01/2005 - "Foods were the most common causative allergen (57%), followed by insect stings (13%) and immunotherapy (SIT) (12%); in 8% anaphylactic agent was unknown. "
12/01/1999 - "Patients who receive immunotherapy for systemic reaction to insect stings are told that once they reach maintenance dose they are almost 100% protected against future systemic reactions. "
04/04/1994 - "[Selected clinical and laboratory tests during specific immunotherapy of patients hypersensitive to insect bites]."
01/01/1992 - "Monitoring of specific immunotherapy with 3M Fluoro-FAST in insect sting sensitive patients."
02/01/2014 - "Allergen-specific immunotherapy in horses with insect bite hypersensitivity: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study."

04/01/2015 - "Malaria chemoprophylaxis should be considered if applicable, as well as mechanical protection against insect-bites. "
04/30/2007 - "Malaria chemoprophylaxis should be considered if concerned, as well as mechanical protection against insect-bites. "
02/15/1997 - "Neurological sequellae are exceptional after acute pernicious malaria in adults but may occur approximately 5% of children, emphasizing the importance of associating chemoprophylaxis and protection against insect bites. "

06/01/1976 - "According to many reports, these injections have been very effective in preventing subsequent severe reactions to insect stings. "
01/01/2010 - "To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptance of a 3-month interval between MVIT injections in a group of Hymenoptera-allergic patients who are occupationally exposed to insect stings. "
08/01/1992 - "Most reactions are due to insect stings, food allergy, immunotherapy injections, or pharmaceutical products. "
10/01/2010 - "Different injuries can result in keloids, including burns, surgery, ear piercing, lacerations, abrasions, tattooing, vaccinations, injections, insect bites and any process causing skin inflammation (chicken pox, acne, folliculitis, zoster). "
12/01/2008 - "Treatment with epinephrine in the emergency department (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.6-7.9; P = .001) and insect sting as the inciting allergen (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.6-10.5; P = .004) were significantly associated with receiving a prescription for self-injectable epinephrine. "

05/01/1995 - "Allergen immunotherapy with specific, standardized allergenic materials, administered in high-dose schedules, is effective in patients with an allergy to insect stings or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and in some patients with asthma, who have been correctly diagnosed through a meticulous history corroborated by positive results of skin tests and for whom avoidance of the allergen and drug therapy are not sufficiently effective. "
05/01/2012 - "Indications for allergen immunotherapy include (1) inadequate symptom control despite pharmacotherapy and avoidance measures, (2) a desire to reduce the morbidity from allergic rhinitis and/or asthma or reduce the risk of anaphylaxis from a future insect sting, (3) when the patient experiences undesirable side effects from pharmacotherapy, and (4) when avoidance is not possible. "

05/17/2007 - "Protection against insect stings and bites is provided not only by clothing and mosquito nets but also by suitable repellants, which will depend on the place visited and the user's age."