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Epidural Injections

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The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.

Also Known As:

Injections, Epidural; Injections, Extradural; Injections, Peridural; Epidural Injection; Extradural Injection; Injection, Epidural; Injection, Extradural; Injection, Peridural; Peridural Injection; Extradural Injections; Peridural Injections

Networked: 632 relevant articles (79 outcomes, 85 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Therapy Context: Research Results

Therapeutics: 15318
- Drug Therapy: 178671
  - Drug Administration Routes: 9
    - Injections: 26272
      - Spinal Injections: 1054
        Epidural Injections: 632
        Epidural Blood Patch: 431

Experts

1.	Manchikanti, Laxmaiah: 66 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Pampati, Vidyasagar: 46 articles (06/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Cash, Kimberly A: 40 articles (05/2015 - 11/2008)
4.	Singh, Vijay: 25 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Benyamin, Ramsin M: 21 articles (11/2015 - 01/2009)
6.	McManus, Carla D: 19 articles (01/2015 - 01/2004)
7.	Falco, Frank J E: 18 articles (06/2015 - 07/2009)
8.	Datta, Sukdeb: 16 articles (11/2015 - 01/2005)
9.	Hirsch, Joshua A: 15 articles (11/2015 - 07/2003)
10.	Abdi, Salahadin: 15 articles (11/2015 - 01/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 11/01/2015 - "Efficacy of Epidural Injections in Managing Chronic Spinal Pain: A Best Evidence Synthesis." 07/01/2015 - "In both groups pain intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. " 01/01/2012 - "Significant improvement with at least 50% relief with pain and improvement in functional status was illustrated in 82% of patients at the 2-year follow-up in the intervention group compared to 5% in the control group receiving caudal epidural injections. " 01/01/2002 - "Results showed that there was significant improvement in patients receiving caudal epidural injections, with a decrease in pain associated with improved physical, functional, and mental status; decreased narcotic intake, and increased return to work. " 10/01/2001 - "Results showed that there was significant improvement in patients receiving caudal epidural injections, with a decrease in pain associated with improved physical, functional and mental status; and decreased narcotic intake combined with return to work. "
2.	Low Back Pain (Lumbago) 08/01/2012 - "Epidural injections have become the most commonly performed intervention in the management of chronic low back pain in the United States." 06/01/2015 - "A recent cost utility analysis of caudal epidural injections in managing chronic low back pain of various pathologies showed a high cost utility with improvement in quality of life years, competitive with various other modalities of treatments. " 01/01/2015 - "To assess the comparative efficacy of caudal and lumbar interlaminar approaches of epidural injections in managing axial or discogenic low back pain. " 05/01/2012 - "Caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain: a systematic appraisal of the literature." 01/01/2009 - "Systematic review of caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain."
3.	Radiculopathy (Radiculopathy, Cervical) 11/01/2011 - "A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and radiculitis." 12/01/2010 - "Single shot epidural injection for cervical and lumbosaccral radiculopathies: a preliminary study." 05/01/2010 - "The effectiveness of fluoroscopic cervical interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic cervical disc herniation and radiculitis: preliminary results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial." 11/01/2015 - "The evidence in managing lumbar disc herniation or radiculitis is Level II for long-term improvement either with caudal, interlaminar, or transforaminal epidural injections with no significant difference among the approaches. " 01/01/2015 - "Various surgery and nonsurgical modalities, including epidural injections, have been used to treat LDH or radiculitis. "
4.	Spinal Stenosis (Stenosis, Spinal) 02/01/2015 - "Recent randomized trials, systematic reviews and guidelines have reached varying conclusions about the efficacy of epidural injections in the management of central lumbar spinal stenosis. " 02/01/2015 - "The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of all three anatomical epidural injection approaches (caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal) in the treatment of lumbar central spinal stenosis. " 02/01/2015 - "Efficacy of epidural injections in the treatment of lumbar central spinal stenosis: a systematic review." 01/01/2015 - "Epidural injections are one of the commonly performed nonsurgical interventions in managing central spinal stenosis; however, there has been paucity of literature in reference to efficacy of epidural injections in managing central spinal stenosis with lumbar interlaminar epidural injections. " 09/01/2004 - "Because conservative therapy was not helpful for spinal stenosis and neuroclaudication, a left L2 transforaminal epidural injection was attempted, but a posterolateral fusion mass made this procedure impossible. "
5.	Neck Pain (Cervicalgia) 01/01/2014 - "Despite a paucity of evidence, cervical epidural injections are one of the most commonly performed nonsurgical interventions in the management of chronic axial or disc-related neck pain. " 01/01/2012 - "Despite limited evidence, cervical epidural injections are one of the commonly performed nonsurgical interventions in the management of chronic neck pain. " 07/01/2010 - "Despite limited evidence, cervical epidural injections are one of the commonly performed non-surgical interventions in the management of chronic neck pain. " 01/01/2014 - "Two-year follow-up results of fluoroscopic cervical epidural injections in chronic axial or discogenic neck pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial." 07/01/2012 - "Cervical epidural injections for managing chronic neck pain are one of the commonly performed interventions in the United States. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Steroids
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
3.	Methylprednisolone
4.	Morphine (MS Contin)
5.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
6.	Clonidine (ST 155)
7.	Bupivacaine (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)
8.	Procaine (Novocaine)
9.	ropivacaine (Naropin)
10.	Local Anesthetics

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections
2.	Arthroplasty
3.	Laminectomy
4.	Conduction Anesthesia (Regional Anesthesia)
5.	Analgesia