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Inert Gas Narcosis (Nitrogen Narcosis)

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Progressive mental disturbances and unconsciousness due to breathing mixtures of oxygen and inert gases (argon, helium, xenon, krypton, and atmospheric nitrogen) at high pressure.

Also Known As:

Nitrogen Narcosis; Depth Intoxications; Inert Gas Narcoses; Intoxication, Depth; Intoxications, Depth; Narcoses, Inert Gas; Narcoses, Nitrogen; Narcosis, Inert Gas; Narcosis, Nitrogen; Nitrogen Narcoses; Depth Intoxication

Networked: 76 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	High Pressure Neurological Syndrome (High Pressure Nervous Syndrome)
2.	Decompression Sickness (Bends)
3.	Hypercapnia
4.	Drowning
5.	Stupor

Experts

1.	Rostain, Jean-Claude: 10 articles (03/2012 - 05/2003)
2.	Risso, Jean-Jacques: 6 articles (03/2012 - 05/2003)
3.	Weiss, Michel: 5 articles (03/2012 - 05/2003)
4.	Lavoute, Cécile: 4 articles (03/2012 - 09/2005)
5.	Vallée, Nicolas: 3 articles (01/2011 - 02/2009)
6.	Rostain, J C: 3 articles (01/2008 - 05/2006)
7.	Vallee, Nicolas: 2 articles (05/2010 - 12/2009)
8.	Kostkin, V B: 2 articles (01/2010 - 01/2008)
9.	Vetosh, A N: 2 articles (01/2010 - 01/2008)
10.	Weiss, M: 2 articles (01/2008 - 05/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Inert Gas Narcosis:

1.	OxygenIBA 09/01/2014 - "This can result in oxygen toxicity and nitrogen narcosis. " 06/01/2011 - "Homicide, suicide, nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, and regulator malfunction were ruled out as possible causes of death. " 01/01/1983 - "The tests of oxygen intoxication depth assessment have been suggested." 12/01/1962 - "Comparison of the effects of drugs on nitrogen narcosis and oxygen toxicity in rats." 05/01/2015 - "The decompression schedule calculated by Haldane theory seemed to be safe and reliable, the diving breathing gas concentration did not cause oxygen toxicity and nitrogen narcosis among the dive rabbits, and dive efficiency was greatly improved by using enriched oxygen gas in UPTD safety range during decompression."
2.	Amphetamine (Amfetamine)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1993 - "Alcohol exacerbates and amphetamine ameliorates the slowing of reaction time (RT) produced by inert gas narcosis. " 06/01/1993 - "Dissociation of the effects of alcohol and amphetamine on inert gas narcosis using reaction time and P300 latency." 09/01/1986 - "Effects of ethanol and amphetamine on inert gas narcosis in humans."
3.	LithiumIBA 03/01/1980 - "Lithium effects: protection against nitrogen narcosis, potentiation of HPNS." 03/01/1980 - "Lithium (10 meq/kg) prevented the nitrogen-narcosis-induced loss of righting response but significantly potentiated the pressure (depth) at which convulsions and tremors occurred."
4.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/24/2007 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these receptors in the regulation of striatal dopamine level under nitrogen narcosis. " 03/01/2012 - "After repeated exposure to nitrogen narcosis, a second exposure to 3 MPa increased dopamine levels suggesting a change in the control of the dopaminergic pathway. " 05/02/2003 - "Inert gas narcosis induces a decrease of the dopamine release at the striatum level, structure involved in the regulation of the extrapyramidal motricity. " 12/19/1994 - "Effect of nitrogen narcosis on extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the rat striatum, using intracerebral microdialysis." 01/01/2011 - " Previous studies performed in the laboratory have shown that nitrogen narcosis induces a decrease in striatal glutamate and dopamine levels. "
5.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)FDA Link 12/01/2009 - "Further experiments have to be done to specify why the striatal glutamate pathways, in association with the inhibition of its metabolism, only are affected by nitrogen narcosis in this study." 01/01/2011 - " Previous studies performed in the laboratory have shown that nitrogen narcosis induces a decrease in striatal glutamate and dopamine levels. " 05/01/2010 - "Previous microdialysis studies performed in rats have revealed a decrease of striatal dopamine and glutamate induced by nitrogen narcosis. " 12/01/2009 - "Previous neurochemical studies performed in rats have revealed a decrease of striatal dopamine and glutamate induced by inert gas narcosis. " 01/01/2011 - "We have suggested that the low glutamate levels recorded in nitrogen narcosis induced these dopamine and NO reductions in the striatum."
6.	NitrogenIBA 11/01/2005 - "If confirmed by studies with larger case series, this EEG pattern could be used to identify nitrogen narcosis for various gas mixtures and prevent the dangerous impact of nitrogen on diver performance." 02/01/2014 - "Behnke's use of non-nitrogen-containing gas mixtures subsequent to his discovery during the 1939 rescue of the wrecked submarine USS Squalus pioneered the use of non-nitrogen-containing gas mixtures, which are used by modern divers when working at great depth to avoid the effects of nitrogen narcosis." 02/01/2014 - "In 1935, Albert Behnke discovered nitrogen as the cause of this clinical syndrome, a condition now known as nitrogen narcosis. " 01/01/2012 - "The effect of an increased nitrogen partial pressure under hyperbaric conditions is known as nitrogen narcosis (NN). " 02/18/2009 - "Increase in the nitrogen partial pressure induces a neurological syndrome called 'nitrogen narcosis'. "
7.	HeliumIBA 09/01/1976 - "Reversal of nitrogen narcosis in rats by helium pressure." 05/01/2009 - "Comparison of nitrogen narcosis and helium pressure effects on striatal amino acids: a microdialysis study in rats." 01/01/1975 - "Hypothetically, this 1:10 ratio for nitrogen-helium partial pressures should induce neither nitrogen narcosis nor the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS). " 01/07/1984 - "The subjects suffered, apparently from severe nitrogen narcosis, when breathing 10% (by volume) nitrogen in oxygen-helium at 420 m s.w. "
8.	Glycine (Aminoacetic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2007 - "To study changes of function of transmitter glycine in nitrogen narcosis. " 08/01/2007 - "When nitrogen narcosis arose in 0.7 MPa (7ATA), the function of transporters of glycine re-uptake was reduced, the affinity of glycine for transporters subsided. "
9.	Amino Acids FDA Link 05/01/2009 - "Comparison of nitrogen narcosis and helium pressure effects on striatal amino acids: a microdialysis study in rats." 05/01/2009 - "As a matter of fact, nitrogen induces a reduction in glutamate and in other amino acids that could partly explain the decrease in striatal dopamine level as well as the motor and cognitive disturbances reported in nitrogen narcosis."
10.	Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)IBA 09/01/1999 - "Narcotic effects produced by nitrous oxide and hyperbaric nitrogen narcosis in rats performing a fixed-ratio test." 01/01/1987 - "Nitrous oxide does not appear to benefit emotional or physiological adaptation to nitrogen narcosis associated with breathing hyperbaric air, and may even impair emotional adaptation, at least under these experimental conditions." 09/01/1986 - "It appears that the vestibular end organs and/or the central pathways controlling nystagmus are affected by nitrous oxide and this may be a reason for the disruption in balance associated with inert gas narcosis." 05/01/1982 - "Nitrogen narcosis was simulated by nitrous oxide. " 10/01/1989 - "Moreover, as the effects of nitrous oxide are considered typical of inert gases in general, our findings suggest that voluntary eye movements may also be a suitable variable for use in assessing the effects of inert gas narcosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 06/01/1950 - "Tensional changes of alveolar gas in reactions to rapid compression and decompression and question of nitrogen narcosis." 05/01/2015 - "The decompression schedule calculated by Haldane theory seemed to be safe and reliable, the diving breathing gas concentration did not cause oxygen toxicity and nitrogen narcosis among the dive rabbits, and dive efficiency was greatly improved by using enriched oxygen gas in UPTD safety range during decompression." 11/01/1998 - "Depth limitations to diving operation with air as the breathing gas are well known: air density, oxygen toxicity, nitrogen narcosis and requirement for decompression. " 09/01/2005 - "Hypercapnia, hyperoxia, carbon monoxide intoxication, inert gas (predominantly nitrogen) narcosis, and decompression illness all may lead to impaired consciousness, with a high risk of drowning in this non-respirable environment. " 05/01/2007 - "Scuba diving is not, however, without risk for anyone; apart from the risk of drowning, the main physiological problems, caused by exposure to gases at depth, are decompression illness, oxygen toxicity, and nitrogen narcosis. "
2.	Compressed Air 02/01/2014 - "Nitrogen narcosis consists of the development of euphoria, a false sense of security, and impaired judgment upon underwater descent using compressed air below 3-4 atmospheres (99 to 132 feet). " 01/01/2013 - "Nitrogen narcosis and emotional processing during compressed air breathing." 08/01/1993 - "Divers breathing compressed air at depths beyond 30 m experience a type of behavioural impairment known as inert gas narcosis. " 10/01/1989 - "A central feature of the impairment in performance produced by inert gas narcosis, which poses a threat to divers breathing compressed air, is a slowing of reaction time (RT). " 11/01/2006 - "During exposure to compressed air, the effects of nitrogen narcosis were manifested in operational errors and increased fatigue among the workers. "
3.	Anesthesia 01/01/1994 - "Thus, mild to moderate inert gas narcosis in humans shows the same positive relationship to lipid solubility as was shown in previous animal models that utilized much deeper levels of anesthesia." 03/04/1967 - "Elecrolyte imbalance as the mechanism for inert gas narcosis and anesthesia."
4.	Hyperbaric Oxygenation 10/01/2006 - "MEDLINE, EMBASE, and materials from organizations with expertise in diving medicine were searched for the following terms: decompression sickness, caisson disease, hyperbaric oxygenation, depth intoxication, or diving. "