Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)

Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.

Also Known As:

Networked: 18833 relevant articles (704 outcomes, 1346 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Bradycardia
2.	Anoxia (Hypoxia)
3.	Shock
4.	Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias)
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Abdel-Rahman, Abdel A: 34 articles (08/2015 - 10/2002)
2.	El-Mas, Mahmoud M: 21 articles (04/2014 - 10/2002)
3.	Shibamoto, Toshishige: 20 articles (10/2014 - 10/2005)
4.	Bellomo, Rinaldo: 19 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)
5.	Armstead, William M: 19 articles (02/2013 - 11/2002)
6.	Kurata, Yasutaka: 18 articles (10/2014 - 10/2005)
7.	Lahlou, Saad: 17 articles (04/2015 - 08/2002)
8.	Westphal, Martin: 17 articles (09/2014 - 02/2003)
9.	Chan, Samuel H H: 16 articles (01/2015 - 03/2003)
10.	Chan, Julie Y H: 15 articles (01/2015 - 03/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypotension:

1.	EphedrineFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "The incidence of hypotension, number of ephedrine treatments, and need for ephedrine were significantly greater in group B than group BF. " 05/01/2007 - "A median sensory level of T6 was observed in both groups but the incidence of hypotension was markedly lower in group MD when compared to group LT (4.4% vs 40%; p < 0.001) with a significant reduction in mean (SD) ephedrine requirement (6 (0) vs 11.3 (4.9) mg; p < 0.001). " 09/01/2014 - "The three drugs were effective in preventing hypotension; however, fetal effects were more frequent in the ephedrine group, although transient. " 05/01/2011 - "Prophylactic intramuscular ephedrine may be effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension in addition to conventional measures. " 09/01/2004 - "Ephedrine hydrochloride was effective for the treatment of his hypotension. "
2.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1995 - "However, in the event of overdose with a potent alpha 1-receptor blocker, dopamine may not be effective in treatment of hypotension. " 10/01/2011 - "The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of dopamine for treatment of hypotension and investigate the changes in cerebral hemodynamics and central nervous system injury in hypotensive preterm infants following dopamine administration. " 07/01/1991 - "In newborns with systemic hypotension, dopamine improved cardiovascular status and caused early return of blood pressure to the normal range. " 10/01/2014 - "Further studies are needed to define the role of low-dose dopamine in patients with AHF and hypotension. " 07/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-dose dopamine on markers of the renal functions in a rat model of hypotension. "
3.	Nitroprusside (Sodium Nitroprusside)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1997 - "Nitroprusside-induced hypotension led to a significantly greater increase in efferent splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity in shunted rats than in controls (0.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.6 microV, P < 0.05), whereas the heart rate responses were not different between the groups. " 06/01/1995 - "In contrast, during nitroprusside-induced hypotension, local CBF in many regions of the brain was well maintained (57-101%); although local CBF was significantly below control in all cortical and telencephalic regions, it was significantly greater in the majority of these regions than in the other two hypotensive groups. " 02/01/2009 - "These results suggest that sodium nitroprusside is a safe and effective drug for induced hypotension in pediatric patients." 10/01/1984 - "Conditioning test trials during infusion revealed that hypotension produced by sodium nitroprusside eliminated the HR CR and transformed the BP CR into a pressor-only reaction. " 10/01/2002 - "Induced hypotension with sodium nitroprusside improved surgical conditions and decreased blood loss in ESS."
4.	Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2014 - "Compared with a pure RL preloading, a mixed HES-RL preloading significantly improved prevention of both hypotension and symptomatic hypotension based on early phenylephrine bolus administration and did not induce adverse effects. " 06/01/2012 - "Therefore, phenylephrine is recommended as first line treatment of maternal hypotension. " 09/01/2002 - "Phenylephrine 1.5 mg IM was effective for reducing the incidence of hypotension and avoided adverse effects." 02/01/2012 - "This is largely due to studies suggesting improved fetal acid-base status with the use of phenylephrine as well as the low incidence of hypotension and its related side effects with prophylactic phenylephrine regimens. " 10/01/2015 - "Efficacy of Bolus-dose Phenylephrine for Peri-intubation Hypotension."
5.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1995 - "2. Administration of endotoxin for 3 h resulted in a hypotension and a significant reduction of pressor responses to norepinephrine (1 micrograms/kg, i.v.) in the anaesthetized rat. " 04/01/2005 - "Correction of the neurogenic hypotension with noradrenaline ameliorated the systemic inflammatory response and improved oxygenation. " 09/01/2011 - "The main finding of this study was that moderate degree of normovolemic hypotension or the use of norepinephrine for the correction of this hypotension did not affect flap perfusion as assessed by MD. " 07/01/1967 - "Further studies on noradrenaline postinfusional hypotension." 02/01/1967 - "Effect of head-down position during hypotension: studies of head-down tilt and norepinephrine on flow in the internal carotid artery of primates."
6.	Clonidine (ST 155)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1982 - "Both the clonidine-induced hypotension and the rebound increase in blood pressure after cessation of clonidine were significantly greater in the reacting than in the nonreacting group. " 08/01/2003 - "This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intravenous clonidine as the primary drug for induced arterial hypotension. " 08/01/2005 - "[Tolerance of the oral clonidine test in 180 patients: efficacy of the volemic expantion in controlling arterial hypotension]." 05/01/2007 - "This animal study was designed to assess how clonidine-induced systemic sympathicolysis affects liver oxygenation with respect to induced hypotension and vasodilatation under physiological conditions. " 03/01/2000 - "Throughout the study nine patients (75%) in the 300 microg clonidine group were treated at least once for hypotension. "
7.	Vasopressins (Vasopressin)IBA 03/01/2005 - "All three had a rapid improvement in hypotension and perfusion after starting vasopressin infusion, allowing tapering of other infusions. " 07/01/1992 - "The ratio of the excretion of vasopressin to that of OLRI was 5.1 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- s.e.: n = 8) for SN and 1.2 +/- 0.24 (mean +/- s.e.: n = 6) for HS.NSTX 80 ng i.c.v., caused a significant reduction in the antidiuretic response to the hypotension induced with SN: the increased urinary excretion of vasopressin was also significantly reduced but not that of OLRI. " 12/01/1999 - "The use of a vasopressin system agonist was effective in restoring blood pressure when hypotension was refractory to conventional therapy." 10/01/2007 - "After the use of vasopressin in both patients, cardiovascular variables improved without untoward effect on RV function, and provided rescue therapy for systemic hypotension in this setting. " 11/01/2006 - "Therefore, vasopressin was used and this improved the severe hypotension. "
8.	OxygenIBA 09/01/1985 - "Heart rate increased significantly during induced hypotension while a significant reduction was observed in the rate-pressure product (RPP), which correlates with the myocardial oxygen demand. " 06/01/2005 - "Despite the efficacy of the technique, hypotension has the potential to affect cerebral perfusion and oxygen delivery. " 10/01/2004 - "Intrauterine growth restriction ameliorates the effects of gradual hemorrhagic hypotension on regional cerebral blood flow and brain oxygen uptake in newborn piglets." 01/01/2013 - "The hypotheses were tested that SNP superfusion of the rat spinotrapezius muscle exerts 1) residual impairments in resting and contracting blood flow, oxygen utilization (VO(2)) and microvascular O(2) pressure (PO(2)mv); and 2) marked hypotension and elevation in resting PO(2)mv. Two superfusion protocols were performed: 1) Krebs-Henseleit (control 1), SNP (300 μM; a dose used commonly in superfusion studies) and Krebs-Henseleit (control 2), in this order; 2) 300 and 1200 μM SNP in random order. " 03/01/2006 - "Cerebral oxygen supply during hypotension in near-term lambs: a near-infrared spectroscopy study."
9.	Colloids (Colloid)IBA 04/01/2015 - "Crystalloids proved more effective than colloid or their combination in hypotension prophylaxis in the first 10 minutes after spinal anaesthesia." 03/01/2007 - "In order to avoid reductions in uteroplacental blood flow, tremendous research has been performed, showing that the avoidance of aortocaval compression, compression of the lower extremities, and prehydration with colloids are effective in reducing maternal hypotension. " 01/01/2010 - "There were no significant differences in the nursing time required to treat IDH and the time to restore BP. No randomised or controlled trial was identified comparing albumin to crystalloids (other than normal saline) or non-protein colloids, or a combination of both, in the treatment of symptomatic hypotension during dialysis. One double blind crossover RCT in 45 assessable patients showed that 5% albumin is not superior to normal saline for the treatment of symptomatic hypotension in maintenance haemodialysis patients with a previous history of IDH. " 04/01/2007 - "This study tested the hypothesis that colloid loading after spinal blockade can reduce hypotension compared with preloading, and affect neonatal outcomes. " 07/01/2006 - "To study the effects on volume expansion and myocardial function of colloids or crystalloids in the treatment of hypovolaemic hypotension after cardiac and major vascular surgery. "
10.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2015 - "GS-967 reduced mean 3- to 7-beat VT incidence by 55% (from 9.5 ± 2.72 to 4.3 ± 0.76 beats/min, P = .020) and ≥8-beat VT incidence by 56% (from 1.6 ± 0.47 to 0.7 ± 0.42 beats/2 min, P = .033) and eliminated the VT-associated hypotension, with no changes in chronotropic and minimal attenuation of the inotropic responses to epinephrine. " 11/01/2013 - "Although our study was small, intracoronary epinephrine was found to be well tolerated and resulted in prompt and successful recovery from severe hypotension in most patients when other measures were ineffective. " 11/01/2013 - "The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of intracoronary epinephrine in severe hypotension unresponsive to other measures during PCI. " 01/01/2002 - "The aim of this study was to examine the influence of a continuous infusion of epinephrine (adrenaline) on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate, urine output and base deficit in very low birthweight infants (VLBWI) with systemic hypotension. " 01/01/2014 - "In Japan, adrenaline is contraindicated for use in patients receiving antipsychotic therapy, because the combination of adrenaline and an antipsychotic is considered to cause severe hypotension; however, there is insufficient evidence supporting this claim. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Spinal Anesthesia 07/01/2008 - "Lower dose spinal anesthesia as part of a CSE technique reduces the incidence of maternal hypotension, and in our opinion is the best option currently available." 08/01/2014 - "Preloading with HES is more effective than crystalloids in prevention hypotension after spinal anesthesia without significant difference in Apgar score and umblical cord blood pH." 06/01/1997 - "Its beneficial results have been reported in patients suffering from hypotension during spinal anesthesia. " 01/01/2014 - "In case of using crystalloids for cesarean delivery, coload is more effective than preload for the prevention of maternal hypotension after spinal anesthesia. " 10/01/2014 - "Preloading the circulation with intravenous fluids is considered a safe and effective method of preventing hypotension following spinal anesthesia. "
2.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 06/01/2008 - "The present review evaluates the evidence available in the literature to see whether low-dose spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section is effective in preventing maternal hypotension while at the same time guaranteeing effective anaesthetic conditions. " 05/01/2015 - "The predictive ability of non-invasive haemodynamic parameters for hypotension during caesarean section: a prospective observational study." 01/01/2015 - "We sought to assess the influence of various maternal positions on SA-induced hypotension The study population comprised 99 women at full-term gestation scheduled for elective cesarean section. " 07/01/2014 - "[Stereological study of the placenta in patients receiving different vasopressors for hypotension during cesarean section]." 01/01/2014 - "Closed-loop double-vasopressor automated system vs manual bolus vasopressor to treat hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial."
3.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 12/01/1980 - "Six patients on conventional acetate hemodialysis who had a marked decrease in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) and hypotension after dialysis were selected for study. " 06/01/1985 - "These findings suggest that in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, changes in plasma osmolality play a predominant role in determining AVP secretion whereas a marked decrease in volume without ensuing hypotension has no effect on AVP release." 01/01/1990 - "Epidemiology of symptomatic hypotension in hemodialysis: is cool dialysate beneficial for all patients?" 04/01/1986 - "Subdivision of the patients into frequent (greater than 1 episode/treatment) and infrequent (less than 1 episode/treatment) reactors during the hemodialysis control period resulted in the infrequent reactors, showing a significant increase in episodes of symptomatic hypotension/hemofiltration treatment where a significant reduction was noted with the frequent reactors. " 05/01/2014 - "Isothermal hemodialysis to improve intradialytic tolerance in hypotension-prone patients has been effective in outpatient settings. "
4.	Resuscitation 05/01/2001 - "These findings may help to explain some of the mechanisms underlying resuscitation effects of hypertonic infusions during hemorrhagic hypotension." 09/01/1999 - "The hypotension improved with fluid resuscitation. " 11/01/1987 - "Four patients in refractory hypotension despite vigorous resuscitation had positive results. " 09/01/2014 - "On the basis of these findings, additional studies in patients with hypotension secondary to traumatic injury should be performed to better define the need and benefit of additional fluid resuscitation when the ITD is used. " 02/16/2013 - "This study tested the hypothesis that, after TBI followed by hemorrhagic hypotension (HH) and resuscitation, cerebral blood flow (CBF) would decrease more in aged compared with young rats. "
5.	Anesthesia 03/01/2011 - "A computer-based model that integrates related factors and predicts the risk of hypotension would be helpful in clinical anesthesia. " 07/01/2008 - "Pulse power analysis may be helpful in determining the etiology of and treating hypotension during cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia." 05/01/1987 - "The advantages of the transbrachial intra-aortic balloon include preoperative control of hypotension with promptly improved coronary, cerebral, renal, lumbar and hepatic perfusion and control of blood pressure during the induction of anesthesia. " 11/01/2014 - "In the study group patients, induced hypotension was used in order to maintain systolic pressure of 80-90 mm Hg. In the control group patients, normotensive anesthesia was used. " 01/01/2013 - " studies indicate a combination of excessive depth of anesthesia hypotension and low anesthesia requirement results in increased mortality and length of hospital stay.Near"