Hypersplenism (Anemia, Splenic)

Condition characterized by splenomegaly, some reduction in the number of circulating blood cells in the presence of a normal or hyperactive bone marrow, and the potential for reversal by splenectomy.

Also Known As:

Networked: 735 relevant articles (57 outcomes, 57 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Thrombocytopenia (Thrombopenia)
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Portal Hypertension
4.	Liver Cirrhosis (Hepatic Cirrhosis)
5.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma)

Experts

1.	Maehara, Yoshihiko: 11 articles (07/2015 - 05/2004)
2.	Tomikawa, Morimasa: 10 articles (03/2013 - 01/2002)
3.	Akahoshi, Tomohiko: 9 articles (03/2013 - 01/2009)
4.	Kawanaka, Hirofumi: 8 articles (07/2015 - 01/2009)
5.	Al-Salem, Ahmed H: 5 articles (01/2016 - 10/2002)
6.	Ikegami, Toru: 5 articles (07/2015 - 12/2008)
7.	Hashimoto, Naotaka: 5 articles (10/2012 - 01/2009)
8.	Uehara, Hideo: 5 articles (10/2012 - 01/2009)
9.	Kinjo, Nao: 5 articles (02/2012 - 01/2009)
10.	Takenaka, Kenji: 5 articles (03/2010 - 11/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypersplenism:

1.	InterferonsIBA 01/01/2010 - "Recently, partial splenic arterial embolization (PSE) has become a supportive intervention for cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism in the administration of interferon therapy. " 01/01/2011 - "Splenectomy improved the liver function and facilitated effective interferon therapy in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism, although preoperative SV was frequently associated with postoperative PSVT." 11/01/2005 - "Partial splenic embolization facilitates completion of interferon therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection and hypersplenism." 09/01/2013 - "These results indicate that splenectomy prior to interferon-based therapy was safe and may facilitate adherence to subsequent antiviral therapy in selected HCV cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and hypersplenism. " 02/01/2012 - "We intended to determine whether laparoscopic splenectomy (Lap-Sp) contributes to treatment with interferon therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-cirrhotic patients with thrombocytopenia caused by hypersplenism. "
2.	Inosine Triphosphate (ITP)IBA 01/01/1998 - "These findings suggested that thrombopoiesis was not promoted under the condition of hypersplenism or of abnormal pooling, and that any elevation in the percentage level of reticulated platelets could be clinically useful in the diagnosis of ITP." 10/01/2009 - "Overall, splenectomy proved beneficial in eliminating the risk of splenic sequestration in SCD patients, in improving the blood counts in SCD with hypersplenism and in reducing transfusion requirement in thalassaemic patients, while in ITP group two thirds of the patients benefited." 08/01/1993 - "1. Spleens from the ITP group had characteristics different from those from the hypersplenism (hepatocirrhosis) and control groups; 2. the ITP patients whose spleen is twice the weight of average had better long term response to splenectomy; 3. the mean diameter of splenic follicles greater than 500 microns and the average diameter of germinal centers greater than 200 microns were the criteria for long term response to splenectomy. " 09/01/2010 - "Preoperative diagnosis was malignancy (n = 3), ITP (n = 1), HIV-related hypersplenism (n = 1), spherocytosis (n = 1), and splenic cyst (n = 2). " 01/01/2003 - "(2) As compared with the normal group, the patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and hypersplenism had a significantly high percent and low absolute counts of RPs (P < 0.01). "
3.	AntibodiesIBA 06/01/1993 - "The effectiveness of transfusion depends on different factors in patients (lack of antibodies or hypersplenism) and on the way the blood has been preserved. " 04/01/1957 - "[Hemolytic hypersplenism: presence of antibodies with atypical characteristics]." 01/01/1986 - "These results suggest that specific clearance of gp70+ platelets in the presence of significant amounts of serum antiviral antibodies and nonspecific hypersplenism play a role in the development of delayed thrombocytopenia in RMuLV-infected mice." 04/01/2013 - "Pathogenetic mechanisms include hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension, bone marrow suppression resulting from either HCV itself or interferon treatment, and aberrations of the immune system resulting in the formation of anti-platelet antibodies and/or immune-complexes that bind to platelets and facilitate their premature clearance. " 05/01/1999 - "We report the case of a 72-year-old white male patient who had been residing in the Congo and developed a typical clinical features of hyperactive malarial syndrome characterized by massive splenomegaly with hypersplenism, high titers of malarial IgM antibodies, IgM macroglobulinemia, liver and medullary lymphocytic proliferation, and a clinical and immunological response to long-term chloroquine therapy. "
4.	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)IBA 04/01/2002 - "A significant complication of cytokine therapy is the development of hypersplenism, requiring either a reduction in the dosage of G-CSF or splenectomy." 04/01/1994 - "Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia in liver transplant recipients with hypersplenism." 01/01/2007 - "Thrombocytopenia coincided with splenomegaly during G-CSF treatment, but hypersplenism was not responsible for thrombocytopenia. " 01/01/2007 - "Because splenic pooling of PLTs caused thrombocytopenia in patients with splenomegaly and splenic enlargement was observed in G-CSF-treated donors, it was hypothesized that hypersplenism might cause G-CSF-induced thrombocytopenia. " 01/01/2007 - "Thrombocytopenia in association with splenomegaly during granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor treatment in mice is not caused by hypersplenism and is resolved spontaneously."
5.	CholesterolIBA 06/01/1988 - "Serum cholesterol was determined in patients with hypersplenism before and after splenectomy. " 01/01/1989 - "A marked hypergammaglobulinemia, a decrease in blood cholesterol level and hematological abnormalities related to hypersplenism were observed. " 12/01/1995 - "The frequency of ischaemic heart disease observed after splenectomy for trauma and the low cholesterol levels found in patients with hypersplenism are observations that suggest a possible role for the spleen in lipid metabolism and in the aetiology of atherosclerosis. " 04/01/1991 - "Four and one-half years posttransplant, her growth improved, cholesterol levels have returned to normal, and she is clinically well except for mild hypersplenism and an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. "
6.	SiliconesIBA 01/01/1983 - "Silicone deposits in 3 patients were associated with a hypersplenism syndrome totally or partially improved by splenectomy. " 10/03/2013 - "Lipogranulomatosis and hypersplenism induced by ruptured silicone breast implants." 09/01/1984 - "Multiorgan, abnormalities in dialysis patients (for example, hepatosplenomegaly, granulomatous hepatitis, cytopenia from hypersplenism) have recently been ascribed to the loading of macrophages (MO) with silicone particles released from the pump segment of dialysis tubing. "
7.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 09/01/1980 - "Normal levels of IgM were recorded and there were no signs of hypersplenism." 07/01/1997 - "The removal of an IgM-producing/secreting site and release from hypersplenism may be the major mechanisms involved in achieving the durable remission after splenectomy. " 05/01/1999 - "We report the case of a 72-year-old white male patient who had been residing in the Congo and developed a typical clinical features of hyperactive malarial syndrome characterized by massive splenomegaly with hypersplenism, high titers of malarial IgM antibodies, IgM macroglobulinemia, liver and medullary lymphocytic proliferation, and a clinical and immunological response to long-term chloroquine therapy. "
8.	Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)IBA 06/01/2014 - "LSD with this technique is a feasible, effective, and safe surgical procedure, and embodies all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery for cirrhotic patients with bleeding portal hypertension and hypersplenism." 06/01/2014 - "A cohort of 10 cirrhotic patients with bleeding portal hypertension and secondary hypersplenism treated with LSD were studied. " 06/01/2014 - "Laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (LSD) using many different surgical techniques has become increasingly popular for treatment of cirrhotic patients with bleeding portal hypertension and secondary hypersplenism. " 07/21/2009 - "From June 2006 to March 2009, laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (LSD) were performed on 28 patients with cirrhosis, bleeding due to portal hypertension, and secondary hypersplenism. "
9.	CreatinineIBA 04/01/1997 - "In patients with short-length hepatic vein stenosis, splenomegaly (28% vs. 55%, P < .05) and hypersplenism were significantly less common; serum transaminase (P < .001) and creatinine levels (P < .02) were lower, prothrombin was higher (P < .001), and 5-year survival was significantly better (Kaplan-Meier estimates: 80% vs. 50%, P < .05). " 04/01/1991 - "Four and one-half years posttransplant, her growth improved, cholesterol levels have returned to normal, and she is clinically well except for mild hypersplenism and an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. "
10.	CopperIBA 07/05/1975 - "[Familial Wilson's disease: copper induced hemolysis, hypersplenism and hyperpigmentation as the main symptoms]." 01/01/2015 - "Thus, we may conclude that splenectomy is a safe and effective therapeutic measure for hypersplenism in WD patients who had been preoperatively treated with DMPS for powerful anti-copper therapy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Splenectomy 10/01/1996 - "This study confirms that there is a significant reduction in energy expenditure following splenectomy for hypersplenism in SS disease. " 01/01/2002 - "Although hypersplenism significantly was improved by splenectomy, no difference in changes in liver volume nor survival probability between the two groups was found. " 01/01/1996 - "At her second admission, splenectomy was performed to remove hypersplenism, and her clinical, radiological and hematological findings improved significantly." 05/16/1992 - "While splenectomy conferred benefit in certain selected cases with hypersplenism, there was no significant overall improvement in the postoperative haematological values and no influence on the rate of blastic transformation. " 10/01/1992 - "Splenectomy is an effective treatment for hypersplenism, although it is not without complications. "
2.	Ligation 06/01/1972 - "[Functional studies on experimental hypersplenism and splenic artery ligation]." 01/28/2015 - "Partial embolization as re-treatment of hypersplenism after unsuccessful splenic artery ligation." 03/01/2008 - "Hypersplenism induced by splenic vein ligation." 06/01/2000 - "Splenic vein ligation successfully induces experimental secondary hypersplenism. " 06/01/2000 - "Selective arterial embolisation and splenic artery ligation (SAL) are used in the treatment of secondary hypersplenism in some medical centres but these methods are not common. "
3.	Hepatectomy 02/28/2015 - "Synchronous hepatectomy and hepatectomy potentially improves disease-free survival rates and alleviates hypersplenism without increasing the surgical risks for patients with HCC and hypersplenism." 07/01/2001 - "Hypersplenism induced by hepatectomy." 02/01/2000 - "Hepatectomy for cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism is a high-risk operative procedure. " 08/01/1988 - "Her condition was not suitable for hepatectomy because of hypersplenism and remarkable hepatic disorder. " 01/01/2014 - "Hepatectomy without concomitant splenectomy can contribute to improved DFS of TNM stage I HCC patients with hypersplenism, whereas simultaneous hepatectomy and splenectomy can prolong OS for patients at TNM stage II."
4.	Liver Transplantation 07/01/2011 - "To study the effect of liver transplantation on platelet count in patients with hypersplenism. " 01/01/2004 - "The changes in spleen volume in the present study were consistent with the previous data, suggesting that living donor liver transplantation effectively reduced hypersplenism for adult patients." 08/01/1989 - "The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of orthotopic liver transplantation on hypersplenism. " 01/01/2013 - "Hypersplenism is a common complication in cirrhotic patients, and liver transplantation would be one of the effective treatments. " 07/01/2011 - "Liver transplantation reverses hypersplenism in most patients."
5.	Surgical Splenorenal Shunt (Splenorenal Shunt) 12/01/1982 - "Distal splenorenal shunts and nonselective shunts are equally effective in relieving preoperative hypersplenism. " 09/01/1999 - "We can conclude that the distal splenorenal shunt with splenopancreatic and gastric disconnection alleviated hypersplenism for post-operatively long periods." 09/01/1981 - "Clinical status, hepatic function and hypersplenism were investigated in 20 patients who underwent distal splenorenal shunt between January 1970 and June 1978. " 04/30/1980 - "[Is hypersplenism a contraindication of distal splenorenal shunt?]." 10/01/1979 - "Dramatic relief of hypersplenism occurs in the majority of patients following splenorenal shunt. "