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Delayed Hypersensitivity (Hypersensitivity, Type IV)

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An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

Also Known As:

Hypersensitivity, Type IV; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Delayed Hypersensitivities; Hypersensitivities, Delayed; Hypersensitivities, Tuberculin-Type; Hypersensitivities, Type IV; Hypersensitivity, Tuberculin Type; Tuberculin Type Hypersensitivity; Tuberculin-Type Hypersensitivities; Type IV Hypersensitivities; Hypersensitivity, Tuberculin-Type; Tuberculin-Type Hypersensitivity; Type IV Hypersensitivity

Networked: 2608 relevant articles (39 outcomes, 147 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Immune System Diseases: 2064
- Hypersensitivity: 49123
  - Delayed Hypersensitivity: 2608
    - Allergic Contact Dermatitis: 3065
    - Fanconi like syndrome: 10

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Infection
3.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
4.	Contact Dermatitis (Eczema, Contact)
5.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)

Experts

1.	Sandborn, William J: 7 articles (05/2010 - 05/2002)
2.	Streilein, J Wayne: 6 articles (03/2005 - 06/2002)
3.	Romano, A: 5 articles (12/2013 - 03/2001)
4.	Streilein, J W: 5 articles (07/2001 - 05/2000)
5.	Kezuka, Takeshi: 4 articles (11/2004 - 06/2002)
6.	Cadinha, S: 3 articles (01/2014 - 11/2005)
7.	Malheiro, D: 3 articles (01/2014 - 11/2005)
8.	Baeck, Marie: 3 articles (06/2011 - 12/2008)
9.	Goossens, An: 3 articles (06/2011 - 12/2008)
10.	Loftus, Edward V: 3 articles (05/2010 - 05/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Delayed Hypersensitivity:

1.	AntigensIBA 01/01/1986 - "Both adjuvants were equally effective in inducing delayed hypersensitivity and humoral antibody to the tissue antigens. " 01/01/1989 - "It is proposed that S Ag-specific suppression of delayed hypersensitivity is induced by the anterior chamber injection of this antigen, and that this suppressor activity accounts for the reduced severity of disease in the eyes of treated rats. " 10/01/2002 - "This study was designed to examine the effect of intranasal peptide on antigen-induced lung inflammatory responses and delayed hypersensitivity after sensitization by the respiratory mucosa or without sensitization. " 06/01/2001 - "In the second study, malnourished and age-matched control groups were sensitized to sheep red blood cells on d 3 and energy-restricted mice exhibited depression in the delayed hypersensitivity response to this antigen when assessed on d 9 after challenge 24 h previously. " 01/01/1994 - "Delayed hypersensitivity skin (DHS) response to seven recall antigens was determined towards the end of each study period. "
2.	Tuberculin (PPD)IBA 07/01/1985 - "This abnormality in LN patients was correlated well with the degree of delayed hypersensitivity skin test responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) and improved with the onset of clinical remission. " 03/01/1982 - "Although Robert Koch had already postulated that protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin in principle depend on an identical mechanism, this question has been unresolved thus far. " 10/01/1994 - "The second is that, in all trials that examined them, skin test conversions to tuberculin positivity were 85% or greater, indicating a disparity between the presence of delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin and protection. " 12/01/1984 - "Histological and immunopathological studies of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin in mice." 01/01/1977 - "Delayed hypersensitivity to PPD-S following BCG vaccination in African children--an 18-month field study."
3.	Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)IBA 01/01/1975 - "Sensitization to BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) appears to be more effective when it is carried out at the site of a delayed hypersensitivity challenge reaction to DNCB (1-chloro, 2,4-dinitrobenzene) than when it is carried out at unchallenged sites in non-sensitized animals. " 08/01/2002 - "The primary serum haemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells and the primary cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response to dinitrochlorobenzene were used to assess humoral and cell-mediated competence respectively, on day 28. " 02/01/2001 - "A synthetic peptide had the same selective anti-inflammatory features as the native material in comparable concentrations: in vitro inhibition of the locomotion in human peripheral blood monocytes, and of the respiratory burst in the same cells and in human neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes; and in vivo depression of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to dinitrochlorobenzene in guinea pigs. " 09/01/1991 - "In addition, UV-radiated animals receiving the n-3 FA source demonstrated a reduced (approximately 30%) response to inflammatory stimulus and a greater (4.5-fold) delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to dinitrochlorobenzene than animals fed the n-6 FA source. " 11/01/1989 - "Delayed hypersensitivity responses elicited with dinitrochlorobenzene in the skin of the same subject were evaluated sequentially over a 96 h period using immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. "
4.	AntibodiesIBA 06/01/1966 - "Desensitization studies of delayed hypersensitivity, with special reference to the possible role of high-affinity antibodies." 05/01/2012 - "The risk of infusion reactions, but not of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, is higher in patients with antibodies against the anti-TNF-α drug. " 03/01/1997 - "This response was manifested by the stimulation of hematopoiesis, pronounced sensitization of effectors of delayed hypersensitivity and an immunomodulating effect on immunocompetent B lymphocytes, synthesizing antibodies, specific to S. " 03/01/1996 - "In this report, we show that using a rat model of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity, MCP-1 expression correlates spatially and kinetically with T cell and monocyte recruitment and that antibodies directed to MCP-1 when administered therapeutically to animals undergoing delayed hypersensitivity can almost completely abolish T cell migration and inflammatory sequelae. " 10/01/1993 - "In addition, spontaneous in vitro production of anti-TT antibodies as well as cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions were also studied. "
5.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 05/01/1991 - "ACAID is characterized by a selective, systemic immune deficiency in which both Ag-specific delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and complement-fixing antibody production are impaired by populations of Ts lymphocytes, although other immune effector modalities are preserved. " 10/01/1977 - "The complement was not significantly altered: number of lymphocytes, delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions, number of T (an B) cells, phytohaemagglutinin lymphocyte stimulation were virtually normal. " 07/01/1975 - " The intoxicated volunteer subjects were also evaluated for changes in delayed hypersensitivity, serum complement concentration, granulocyte hexose monophosphate shunt activity, and circulating whiteblood cell counts; no consistent changes were seen." 05/01/1967 - "Relationship of PCA and complement-fixing antibody formation to the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity." 06/01/1978 - "It is concluded that in vivo complement depletion does not interfere with T cell responses, and that previous reports of prolonged survival of skin allografts and inhibition of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions following treatment with CoF may have been due to impurities in the preparations used."
6.	Transferrin (beta 2 Transferrin)IBA 11/01/1983 - "Delayed hypersensitivity, assessed as normal or abnormal, together with plasmatic albumin and transferrin levels, the thresholds of which were respectively determined at 35 g/l and 2.2 g/l, were selected as the factors with the greatest predictive value. " 11/01/2002 - "Overall nutritional status is improved as exhibited by significant improvements in body weight and serum transferrin and a trend toward improvement in albumin and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests." 11/01/1987 - "The following variables showed a significant correlation with the resectability of the tumour: weight loss (p less than 0.0001), triceps skinfold thickness (p less than 0.01), midarm circumference (p less than 0.01), total lymphocyte count (p less than 0.01), plasma transferrin (p less than 0.01), delayed hypersensitivity (p less than 0.05). " 07/01/1986 - "[Delayed hypersensitivity and levels of serum transferrin in burn patients and their clinical significance]." 05/01/1981 - "Serum albumin and transferrin levels, total lymphocyte count, and delayed hypersensitivity were maintained or improved during jejunal feeding. "
7.	ZincIBA 12/01/1989 - "Topical zinc and delayed hypersensitivity responsiveness." 08/01/1985 - "These findings indicate that B cell function and T cell-dependent delayed hypersensitivity are normal in children with SCD and are independent of body zinc status. " 02/01/1983 - "Patients with impaired delayed hypersensitivity reactions had lower zinc levels in plasma, erythrocytes, and neutrophils than patients with normal delayed hypersensitivity reactions or controls. " 02/01/1983 - "We conclude that zinc deficiency in patients with sickle cell anemia is associated with impaired delayed hypersensitivity. " 09/01/1992 - "Although energy intake was similar in both groups, the zinc-supplemented infants had significantly higher linear growth gain, and their immune function improved as demonstrated by conversion of their delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions, enhanced lymphoproliferative response to PHA, and increased salivary IgA concentrations. "
8.	infliximab (Remicade)FDA Link 05/01/2010 - "Six of 24 patients (25%) achieved remission following infliximab infusion and four of 24 (17%) had an initial response only, but underwent proctocolectomy later because of loss of response (3) or development of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (1). " 04/01/2014 - "Delayed hypersensitivity reaction after initial dose of infliximab: a case report." 08/01/2012 - "Delayed hypersensitivity reaction with infliximab: unusual to occur after initial dose." 06/01/2012 - "In the infliximab group, the induction was completed by 77.3% of patients, due to no response (n = 2), delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) or infusion reactions (n = 8). " 05/01/2010 - "The main indications for testing were loss of response to infliximab (49%), partial response after initiation of infliximab (22%), and possible autoimmune/delayed hypersensitivity reaction (10%). "
9.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 07/01/1982 - "The profile included serum immunoglobulin determinations, autoantibody studies, lymphocyte subpopulation determinations, lymphoblastogenesis assays, delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, and neutrophil function studies. " 01/01/2015 - "We reviewed medical records and evaluated serum immunoglobulins (Ig), lymphoproliferation, delayed hypersensitivity and used flow cytometry to quantify peripheral blood total lymphocyte and B cell populations. " 03/01/2008 - "Parameters investigated included lymphocyte subpopulation by flow cytometry, immunoglobulin levels by nephelometry, antibody titers to previous immunizations and delayed hypersensitivity with skin testing. " 06/01/1995 - "Functional evidence for T-cell abnormality includes loss of delayed hypersensitivity and a number of findings attributed to dysregulation of B cells by alcoholic T cells; these include the widely reported distrubances of immunoglobulin production in vivo and a range of abnormal responses when T and B cells are combined in vitro. " 07/01/1991 - "It is subdivided into four data files: general data (private data, stage, therapy); disease data (sites of disease by tests and body area); immunological data (lymphocyte subpopulations, globulin and immunoglobulin dosage, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests); lost patients (register of patients not seen for at least 1 year). "
10.	Serum AlbuminIBA 05/01/1973 - "Further studies of thymus-bone marrow cell synergism in cutaneous manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity to methylated human serum albumin. " 03/01/1986 - "Influence of surgery, age and serum albumin on delayed hypersensitivity." 02/01/1977 - "T-T-cell interactions involved in delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response have been studied by employing delayed foot pad assay to methylated human serum albumin in C57BL/6J mice. " 09/01/2000 - "Twenty-five medical and surgical patients receiving liquid ready-to-use sterile enteral formulas were evaluated prospectively to investigate the relation of diarrhea to serum albumin level, total lymphocyte count, delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative, antibiotic therapy, administration rate and site of enteral formula, and microbial contamination of enteral feeds. " 08/01/1982 - "The statistical comparison between patients with different tumors and controls, between patients with different stages of the same tumor, and between patients treated with or without previous chemical or radiation therapy led to the following conclusions: 1) malnutrition is mainly related to the type and site of origin of the tumor and, in the early stages of disease, is more pronounced in patients with cancer of the esophagus and stomach; 2) except in patients with breast and cervix cancer, malnutrition gets more severe as the disease becomes advanced; 3) chemical or radiation therapy has a variable impact on the nutritional status, but in selected patients it causes a drop in body weight, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, and peripheral lymphocytes; 4) body weight, cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and serum albumin are the most commonly altered parameters."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 01/01/1996 - "Some studies in the literature have supported, while others have denied, the relationship between results of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests (DHST), renal allograft and patient survival rates. " 11/30/1964 - "IN VITRO STUDIES ON DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY AND HOMOGRAFT IMMUNITY." 11/15/2002 - "Class II MHC-bearing cells of recipient origin were observed along the edge of NNR allografts as early as day 5. Donor-specific delayed hypersensitivity was not detected at 12 days, but did emerge on day 20, coincident with rejection of NNR allografts. " 08/01/2002 - "Moreover, they are involved in enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and delayed hypersensitivity as well as allograft and tumour responses. " 12/15/1999 - "Specific in vivo cell-mediated immune responses have been shown by allograft rejection, graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DTH). "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2015 - "Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction as the application of this drug is increasing and an adverse event can result in delay of chemotherapy treatment. " 06/01/1986 - "We propose that the reactions may represent local manifestations of heightened delayed hypersensitivity, mounted by increasing numbers of 'resuscitated' lymphocytes against immunogenic cell wall substances released from dying tubercle bacilli in patients whose level of cellular immunity is being enhanced as a result of chemotherapy. " 10/31/1983 - "Chemotherapy seems to restore polymorphonuclear function and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions." 01/01/1980 - "A positive correlation existed in majority of patients between the response chemotherapy and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the tested patients." 11/01/1968 - "[Effect of cytostatic chemotherapy on delayed hypersensitivity reaction]."
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/1977 - "II. Passive transfer of enhanced anamnestic response and delayed hypersensitivity observed after treatment with Corynebacterium parvum]." 10/01/1970 - "After treatment, the clinical status of the patient improved dramatically, concomitant with the development of delayed hypersensitivity to antigens to which the donor was sensitive. " 07/01/1992 - "Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity, lymphocyte blastogenesis, monocyte migration-inhibition, and lymphoblast proliferative capacity as a reflection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity were measured in response to M bovis purified protein derivative, johnin, and KLH before and after treatment with DLE. " 12/28/2011 - "After treatment, all patients in the study group had positive delayed hypersensitivity and robust systemic cytotoxicity in response to tumor lysate as measured by interferon-γ-expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. " 01/01/1984 - "Three parameters of cell-mediated immunity, namely, (a) resistance to infection with Candida albicans, (b) in vivo release of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) into the circulation and (c) delayed hypersensitivity were markedly reduced when mice of such normally resistant high responder strains as C57B1/10SNJ and C57B1/KsJ became hyperglycaemic after treatment with alloxan. "
4.	PUVA Therapy 02/01/1980 - "The delayed hypersensitivity responses improved in all eight patients, and four patients who were anergic before treatment manifested a normal response after PUVA therapy. "
5.	Mastectomy (Mammectomy) 09/01/2002 - "In 102 N- and 44 N+ disease-free breast cancer patients, lymphocytic populations and skin reaction of delayed hypersensitivity (SRDH) were monitored up to 266 months after mastectomy to find out whether they were similar or different from control values. "