Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3436 relevant articles (243 outcomes, 391 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Kidney Diseases (Kidney Disease)
2.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
3.	Renal Insufficiency (Renal Failure)
4.	Hypercalcemia (Milk Alkali Syndrome)
5.	Hyperphosphatemia

Experts

1.	Fukagawa, Masafumi: 61 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Cozzolino, Mario: 37 articles (06/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Akizawa, Tadao: 36 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Goodman, William G: 26 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Komaba, Hirotaka: 26 articles (08/2015 - 01/2008)
6.	Slatopolsky, Eduardo: 24 articles (04/2011 - 01/2002)
7.	Drüeke, Tilman B: 22 articles (07/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Tominaga, Yoshihiro: 22 articles (07/2015 - 06/2003)
9.	Brancaccio, Diego: 21 articles (01/2012 - 11/2002)
10.	Chertow, Glenn M: 19 articles (12/2015 - 08/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Secondary Hyperparathyroidism:

1.	Calcitriol (Calcijex)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "Although the skeletal lesions of secondary hyperparathyroidism improved in most patients, Z-scores for height decreased from -1.8 +/- 0.32 to -2.0 +/- 0.33, P < 0.01, during intermittent calcitriol therapy. " 01/01/1996 - "Our results confirm the fact that even severe secondary hyperparathyroidism can be successfully treated with oral calcitriol pulse therapy. " 12/01/1995 - "Higher doses of calcitriol are effective in lowering markedly elevated 1,84 PTH levels of patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 03/01/2000 - "Oral pulsed-dose calcitriol administration has been shown to be effective therapy for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 01/01/1997 - "The above results suggested that both oral and intravenous calcitriol, with lower doses and intermittent pulse therapy, were equally effective in controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism. "
2.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2015 - "Further research is needed to evaluate whether activated or nutritional vitamin D therapy are beneficial in dialysis patients for outcomes other than secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 04/01/2011 - "Vitamin D compounds have been used successfully to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism for almost three decades. " 08/01/2010 - "Early intervention with intravenous or pulse oral vitamin D therapy is more effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism." 01/01/2007 - "Available evidence suggests that calcimimetics, phosphate binders and vitamin D or its analogues are effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 06/01/1989 - "The indication seems questionable in cases with secondary hyperparathyroidism which can now be effectively treated with 1 alpha-hydroxylated forms of vitamin D. "
3.	cinacalcet (Sensipar)FDA Link 11/01/2003 - "Recently completed phase 2 clinical trials with the second-generation calcimimetic agent cinacalcet HCl confirm that this agent represents a safe and effective novel therapeutic agent which has the potential to dramatically alter the treatment and complications associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis." 07/01/2009 - "Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a relevant problem in patients undergoing dialysis, and cinacalcet hydrochloride seems to be the best option for controlling it. " 09/01/2013 - "Although secondary hyperparathyroidism tended to be more severe in our Dutch cohort, compared with the entire ECHO cohort, cinacalcet was nevertheless effective in reducing PTH in these patients. " 03/01/2013 - "Cinacalcet is effective for treating refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), but little is known about the response rates and clinical factors influencing the response. " 07/01/2009 - "Cinacalcet was effective in the management of posttransplant persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism, resulting in decreased calcemia and iPTH, while also improving femoral neck bone loss. "
4.	CalciumIBA 01/01/1993 - "The use of 4.5-9 g CaCO3 daily over a period of 9 months led to a reduction of mean serum phosphate from 2.51 to 1.51 mmol/l in 77% of patients, with a simultaneous increase in mean calcium concentration from 2.23 to 2.47 mmol/l, and an improved control of secondary hyperparathyroidism by reduction in mPTH from 1552 to 1032 pg/ml and in APH activity from 6.25 to 4.55 mumol/s/l. " 01/01/2003 - "The aim was to study the effect of calcium supplementation 477 mg twice daily on BP in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism during an intervention study (6 weeks) and after 954 mg during a short study (3 h). " 01/01/2016 - "For SGLT2-inhibitors recent data indicate that due to their mode of action they may alter calcium and phosphate homeostasis (secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by increased phosphate reabsorption) and thereby potentially affect bone mass and fracture risk. " 01/01/2016 - "Lower values of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum 25OHD, calcium and higher levels of FGF23 were significant determinants of secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 07/01/2015 - "Only 13% of subjects presented with secondary hyperparathyroidism, characterised by serum calcium<2.55mmol/L and PTH>65pg/mL, associated with increased CTX levels. "
5.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)IBA 09/01/2003 - "A high level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is considered to be an indicator of poor prognosis and a poor quality of life of dialysis patients; therefore, an effective and safe therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) has been developed. " 06/01/2003 - "Data on potential benefits, including improved histologic abnormalities of bone from secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone mineral density, and a reduction of elevated parathyroid hormone levels, are documented. " 03/01/2002 - "Secondary hyperparathyroidism decreases renal clearance of parathyroid hormone (PTH). " 07/01/2015 - "The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone (IO-iPTH) in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). " 01/07/2015 - "Using data from the international Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, trends in parathyroid hormone levels and secondary hyperparathyroidism therapies over the past 15 years and the associations between parathyroid hormone and clinical outcomes are reported; 35,655 participants from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study phases 1-4 (1996-2011) were included. "
6.	hydroxide ionIBA 12/01/1993 - "Conflicting results have been reported regarding the efficacy of intermittent versus continuous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 in renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 10/01/1989 - "It is concluded that 3 g/day CaCO3 is equivalent to 2 g/day Al(OH)3 in terms of its phosphate-binding effect, and the prescription of CaCO3 together with 1 alpha (OH)D3 ameliorates secondary hyperparathyroidism." 11/01/2008 - "The main purpose of the present studies was to increase the knowledge of the action and effects of different treatment regimes with 1alpha(OH)D3, and thereby to improve the prophylaxis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremic patients on chronic dialysis. " 07/01/2004 - "The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 therapy on long-term control of glycemia in hemodialyzed (HD) patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP). " 01/01/2003 - "In agreement with this new classification, in a recent study conducted in a random sample of our population, a high prevalence of low levels of 25(OH)D and secondary hyperparathyroidism was found. "
7.	paricalcitol (Zemplar)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "In conclusion, 52 weeks of treatment with oral paricalcitol (1 μg one time daily) significantly improved secondary hyperparathyroidism but did not alter measures of LV structure and function in patients with severe CKD. " 01/01/2011 - "Treatment with paricalcitol is effective in controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism in non-dialysed patients with a wide safety margin." 01/01/2013 - "Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of using Paricalcitol for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients on dialysis. " 12/01/2005 - "In three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral paricalcitol, 220 CKD stage 3 and 4 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) were randomized to oral paricalcitol (N= 107, mean dose 9.5 microg/week) or placebo (N= 113) and followed for up to 24 weeks. " 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy and initial dose determination of paricalcitol for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese subjects."
8.	PhosphorusIBA 08/01/1977 - "Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that secondary hyperparathyroidism in dogs with chronic renal disease may occur, at least in part, as a consequence of the need for progressive adaptation in renal phosphorus (P) excretion that occurs as glomerular filtration rate falls. " 08/01/2012 - "In conclusion, phosphate binders significantly lower serum and urinary phosphorus and attenuate progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism among patients with CKD who have normal or near-normal levels of serum phosphorus; however, they also promote the progression of vascular calcification. " 03/01/2006 - "In addition to its role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism, elevated serum phosphorus increases the mortality risk among these patients. " 11/01/2005 - "Adequate control of serum phosphorus remains a cornerstone in the clinical management of patients with CKD not only to attenuate the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism but also possibly to reduce the risk for vascular calcification and cardiovascular mortality. " 09/01/2004 - "FGF-23 levels correlate positively with serum phosphorus, Ca x P, and PTH values in patients with advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism. "
9.	1-hydroxycholecalciferol (alfacalcidol)IBA 01/01/2000 - "Based on these results, alphacalcidol treatment appears to be effective in preventing glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in these patients by reducing secondary hyperparathyroidism and stimulating bone formation." 07/01/1996 - "Alphacalcidol oral pulses are effective in secondary hyperparathyroidism prior to dialysis." 01/01/2011 - "This study was carried out to assess the efficacy of intravenous administration of alfacalcidol once weekly versus thrice weekly in patients with poorly controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 10/01/2012 - "An open-labelled randomized study was performed comparing the effect of alfacalcidol versus no treatment in patients with CKD 4, secondary hyperparathyroidism and LVH. " 02/01/2013 - "These patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism had been on intravenous alfacalcidol twice or thrice per week and were followed up to 4 months (stage 1). "
10.	maxacalcitolIBA 04/01/2007 - "Injection of maxacalcitol (OCT) directly into the parathyroid gland (PTG) is a clinically safe and effective treatment for advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism (A-SHPT) resistant to conventional medical treatment. " 04/01/2004 - "Thus, iPTH measurement has a potential risk to overestimate 1-84PTH levels when evaluating the efficacy of maxacalcitol therapy in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism." 10/01/2011 - "A study of maintenance therapy after intravenous maxacalcitol for secondary hyperparathyroidism." 12/01/2004 - "Dose-response study of 22-oxacalcitriol in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism." 02/01/2010 - "Effectiveness of weekly percutaneous maxacalcitol injection therapy in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 10/01/2012 - "We conclude that hemodialysis patients have a marked decreased in cortical density, thickness, and area with significant reduction in trabecular parameters that correlated with the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism only in women." 10/01/2012 - "Hemodialysis patients have a marked decreased in cortical density, thickness, and area with significant reduction in trabecular parameters that correlated with the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism only in women. " 12/01/2013 - "Successful NTPTX with stable postoperative PTH levels is associated with stabilization of CACS in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing hemodialysis, which could contribute to the improved survival seen after NTPTX." 01/01/2013 - "Hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism are more likely to achieve normotensive and euvolemic status after PTX, probably through improved heart function and reduced IDH episodes." 05/01/2015 - "A randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of AMG 416 for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients."
2.	Parathyroidectomy 09/01/2010 - "The high prevalence of alexithymia in hemodialyzed patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism unsuppressed by medical therapy is cured by parathyroidectomy." 08/01/2009 - "Persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism not responding to medication is treated successfully with surgical excision of parathyroid glands (total parathyroidectomy [PTX]). " 04/01/2006 - "(99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy is a reliable non-invasive exploratory tool and its preoperative use results in a significant reduction in the number of recurrences in haemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism who are candidates for subtotal parathyroidectomy. " 09/01/2006 - "Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation is an effective treatment for severe uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism patients." 10/20/2007 - "The total parathyroidectomy with forearm autotransplantation is feasible, safe, and effective for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in the short term. "
3.	Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) 01/01/2003 - "The present study was planned to determine whether intraperitoneal administration of OCT would be a more effective treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism than intravenous administration is in CAPD patients who manage themselves at home. " 01/01/1985 - "In the majority of our patients secondary hyperparathyroidism was controlled or improved on CAPD. " 11/01/1995 - "The objective of the present study was to define MAC risk factors at the start of dialysis and 'de-novo' appearance after medium- or long-term CAPD, in a non-selected population (135 patients) with a low degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism. " 11/01/2004 - "Does secondary hyperparathyroidism play a primary role in causing peritoneal calcification in patients on CAPD?" 10/01/2003 - "A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine a possible relationship between pulse pressure and secondary hyperparathyroidism among 126 prevalent patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. "
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 01/01/2002 - "With the results obtained from the ratio of iPTH of the graft-bearing arm to the contralateral arm, clinical palpation of the arm, MIBI scan, CT scan, careful surgical exploration, and adequate resection, recurrent and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism can be successfully treated with surgery in the neck or at the arm." 11/01/2015 - "The patient had a biological secondary hyperparathyroidism with highly elevated serum parathormon, and treatment with parathyroid surgery was planned before the kidney transplant. " 09/01/2015 - "An online survey conducted by the European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA) in conjunction with Amgen (Europe) GmbH surveyed nephrology nurses' knowledge of secondary hyperparathyroidism, treatment targets, current treatments, patient adherence and nephrology nurse training education needs. " 05/01/2015 - "Secondary hyperparathyroidism contributes to post-transplant CKD mineral and bone disorder. " 09/01/2013 - "She was then given oral paracalcitol 1 µg/d for secondary hyperparathyroidism (iPTH 850 pg/mL) and her transplant medication was reduced and then discontinued. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2014 - "A significant improvement in secondary hyperparathyroidism after transplantation favorably affects the progression of CAC. " 05/01/2012 - "Risk/benefit studies are urgently required to define the role of continued calcimimetic treatment in renal transplant recipients and to determine the optimal treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients listed for transplantation." 04/01/2000 - "Studies in both adults and children suggest that secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone remodelling activity may persist months after transplantation. " 07/01/2008 - "3HPT most commonly occurs in patients who have severe secondary hyperparathyroidism at the time of transplantation. " 11/01/2007 - "In conclusion 25-OHD was low in virtually all of our renal transplant recipients and may aggravate secondary hyperparathyroidism, but its correction may be difficult in patients with hypercalcaemia."