Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)

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Networked: 4560 relevant articles (440 outcomes, 788 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Raoult, Didier: 36 articles (01/2022 - 07/2005)
2.	Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie: 35 articles (01/2022 - 11/2003)
3.	Amaravadi, Ravi K: 22 articles (01/2022 - 05/2011)
4.	Amoura, Zahir: 21 articles (11/2022 - 11/2003)
5.	Lagier, Jean-Christophe: 21 articles (01/2022 - 01/2014)
6.	Million, Matthieu: 18 articles (01/2022 - 08/2010)
7.	Piette, Jean-Charles: 18 articles (12/2020 - 11/2003)
8.	Gautret, Philippe: 16 articles (03/2021 - 03/2020)
9.	Tincani, Angela: 14 articles (12/2022 - 02/2005)
10.	Marmor, Michael F: 13 articles (01/2022 - 03/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	COVID-19 01/01/2021 - "There are also uncertainties about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and why there are variations in clinical presentations and why some patients suffer from long lasting symptoms-"the long haulers." To date, there are no significantly effective curative drugs for COVID-19, especially after failure of hydroxychloroquine trials to produce positive results. " 01/01/2021 - "from May to September 2020, the number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 enrolled in the PROTECT clinical trial showed a decrease consistent with the number of news on hydroxychloroquine appearing in the national and local press, starting from the time when the first criticisms of the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine were made known; the number of contacts/cohabitants of COVID-19 patients showed a more marked and more timely decrease. " 07/01/2020 - "Optimal dosing & time: Issues to get hydroxychloroquine safety & efficacy against COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2." 01/01/2020 - "Currently, there is no available treatment proven to be effective against COVID-19, but multiple medications, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are used off label. " 12/06/2021 - "In hospitalized adults with COVID-19, no significant reduction of the risk of unfavorable outcomes was observed with hydroxychloroquine in comparison to SOC. Unmeasured confounders may have persisted however, despite careful propensity-weighted analysis and the study might be underpowered. "
2.	Rheumatoid Arthritis 07/01/1999 - "Dose-loading with hydroxychloroquine is effective in early and active rheumatoid arthritis." 12/01/1993 - "Hydroxychloroquine is moderately effective in early rheumatoid arthritis." 03/01/2015 - "Recent studies showed that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was protective against thrombovascular events in lupus erythematosus and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. " 02/01/2012 - "Comparable efficacy of standardized Ayurveda formulation and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQS) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a randomized investigator-blind controlled study." 02/01/1995 - "Studies of the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis have had methodological flaws and have failed to produce definitive results. "
3.	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Libman-Sacks Disease) 09/01/2012 - "Due to multiple beneficial effects, including control of disease activity, reduction in cardiovascular events and improved survival, hydroxychloroquine is now recommended long-term for all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. " 05/01/2019 - "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is regarded as a mainstay in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because of its efficacy in preventing flares, achieving remission, and reducing overall mortality. " 01/01/2022 - "Clinically effective concentration and risk of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: walking on a thin line. " 08/01/1994 - "To compare the relative safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and placebo (Pl) in the treatment of the articular complaints of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). " 10/01/2021 - "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use is associated with less disease activity, flares, damage and improved survival in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). "
4.	Infections 06/27/2022 - "We initially planned to undertake a multicentre, phase III, parallel-group, open-label RCT, to determine if hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) taken once a week was effective in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in healthcare workers (HCW) aged ≥ 18 years in New Zealand (NZ) and Ireland. " 01/01/2020 - "Despite the large burden of infection, effective and safe preventative care such as universal hydroxychloroquine use and vaccination are underutilized. " 07/01/2021 - "This study, which is the largest to date to investigate the primary prophylactic effect of hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2, does not support any prophylactic benefit of hydroxychloroquine in the prevention of infection with SARS-CoV-2." 04/01/2021 - "Early in vitro studies have suggested that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a potentially useful drug against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. " 01/01/2021 - "Hydroxychloroquine for Prevention of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Challenges to Trial Conduct During the Global Pandemic."
5.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease) 01/01/2021 - "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been proven to be effective against a variety of autoimmune diseases and is an essential drug for the treatment of SLE. " 05/05/2020 - "Sometimes Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is very effective for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. " 01/01/2020 - "Sometimes, hydroxychloroquine sulfate is beneficial for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. " 10/01/2018 - "Based on our results, we believe that hydroxychloroquine can be beneficial in the treatment of B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases." 11/24/2023 - "Hydroxychloroquine is widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Chloroquine (Aralen)
2.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)
3.	Methotrexate (Mexate)
4.	Antimalarials (Antimalarial Agents)
5.	Ritonavir (Norvir)
6.	Lopinavir
7.	Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
8.	remdesivir
9.	Prednisone (Sone)
10.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Chemoprevention
5.	Glycemic Control