Hookworm Infections (Hookworm Infection)

Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.

Also Known As:

Networked: 281 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 36 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Ascariasis
2.	Trichuriasis
3.	Infection
4.	Malaria
5.	Hookworm Infections (Hookworm Infection)

Experts

1.	Hotez, Peter J: 22 articles (03/2014 - 01/2004)
2.	Loukas, Alex: 20 articles (02/2015 - 08/2004)
3.	Bethony, Jeffrey M: 15 articles (10/2014 - 10/2005)
4.	Zhan, Bin: 12 articles (03/2014 - 02/2005)
5.	Utzinger, Jürg: 8 articles (10/2015 - 06/2002)
6.	Montresor, Antonio: 7 articles (11/2015 - 11/2002)
7.	Cappello, Michael: 7 articles (09/2013 - 04/2003)
8.	Brooker, Simon: 7 articles (09/2011 - 01/2004)
9.	Asojo, Oluwatoyin A: 6 articles (09/2014 - 02/2005)
10.	Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo: 6 articles (01/2013 - 10/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hookworm Infections:

1.	Albendazole (Albenza)FDA Link 07/01/2007 - "Albendazole appeared to be more effective against hookworm infection (egg reduction rate of 95% versus 94.2%, p = 0.04). " 05/01/2014 - "Randomized, controlled, assessor-blind clinical trial to assess the efficacy of single- versus repeated-dose albendazole to treat ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, and hookworm infection." 04/01/2011 - "The efficacy of tribendimdine in the treatment of hookworm infection is similar to albendazole." 12/01/1997 - "In contrast, albendazole cleared hookworm infections completely and reduced the prevalence of Giardia. " 09/01/1997 - "The efficacy of a single-dose 400 mg albendazole to treat Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infection was studied in Orang Asli community. "
2.	Mebendazole (Vermin)FDA Link 10/01/2002 - "A higher efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm infection was found in Mafia Island (where a cure 'rate' of 31.3% and an egg-reduction 'rate' of 78.1% were recorded) when compared with that observed in Pemba Island, possibly indicating that hookworms may be developing mebendazole resistance on Pemba Island as a result of intense exposure to the drug there." 04/01/2007 - "The treatment used in Vietnam is single dose oral mebendazole (Phardazone) 500 mg. We tested the efficacy of single dose mebendazole 500 mg in the therapy of hookworm infection in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among 271 Vietnamese schoolchildren. " 07/01/1978 - "[Efficacy of mebendazole in hookworm infection by Ancylostoma duodenale (author's transl)]." 07/01/1997 - "Preliminary studies indicated that single-dose (500 mg) mebendazole gave disappointing results in the treatment of hookworm infections (Necator americanus) in Mali. " 10/22/2013 - "Finally, treatment with mebendazole reduced subsequent hookworm infections, but resulted in a marginal increase in the odds of G. "
3.	Pyrantel Pamoate (Pyrantel Embonate)IBA 06/01/1988 - "Treatment with pyrantel pamoate was estimated to be 91% effective in clearing hookworm infections. " 07/01/1975 - "Mass treatment of hookworm infection with single dose of pyrantel pamoate." 02/10/1973 - "Pyrantel pamoate for human hookworm infection." 10/01/1972 - "Evaluation of pyrantel pamoate (Conbantrin) in hookworm infections." 04/01/1971 - "Preliminary report on pyrantel pamoate in the treatment of human hookworm infection."
4.	Praziquantel (Biltricide)FDA Link 08/01/2010 - "One small previous study found that praziquantel reduced hookworm infection. " 08/01/2010 - "Reduction in hookworm infection after praziquantel treatment among children and young adults in Leyte, the Philippines." 08/01/2010 - "Control programs using praziquantel may have the added benefit of reducing hookworm infection and anemia in areas of coendemnicity." 06/01/2002 - "Here, we report a study among 96 schoolchildren from an area highly endemic for Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infection, and place particular emphasis on the effect of praziquantel on the prevalence and intensity of hookworm infections. " 06/01/2002 - "Reduction in the prevalence and intensity of hookworm infections after praziquantel treatment for schistosomiasis infection."
5.	PyrantelIBA 12/01/1997 - "duodenale is resistant to pyrantel and despite its relatively low cost and wide availability, should not be considered a drug of choice at this dose rate in the treatment of hookworm infections (A. " 12/01/1997 - "Failure of pyrantel in treatment of human hookworm infections (Ancylostoma duodenale) in the Kimberley region of north west Australia." 01/01/1978 - "204 individuals from a rural community were given a single dose of oxantel-pyrantel at 15mg/kg bodyweight and if still infected, 20mg/kg bodyweight, with cure rates of 100%, 53% and 71% for ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection, respectively. " 01/01/1990 - "340 cases of hookworm infection, 196 cases of ascariasis and 178 cases of trichuriasis were treated with an anthelmintic, oxibendazole, 15mg/kg.d x 3d; 102, 70 and 66 cases of respective infections were treated with pyrantel 10mg/kg.d x 3d and 108, 74 and 63 cases took placebo for comparison and as control under double-blind observations. " 03/01/1999 - "A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of pyrantel (single dose 12.5 mg/kg bodyweight), mebendazole (single 500 mg dose) and albendazole (single 400 mg dose) in the treatment of hookworm infections (Necator americanus) was carried out in January 1998 in the Southern Region of Mali, West Africa, during the period of Ramadan (Islamic fast). "
6.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 01/01/2006 - "However, the results of many vaccination trials using recombinant forms of these proteins showed no sufficient protection against experimental hookworm infections." 01/01/2009 - "This work identified a suite of proteins important for the parasitic lifestyle and provides new insight into the biology of hookworm infection." 04/01/2005 - "In an effort to control hookworm infection, the Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative has identified candidate vaccine antigens from the infective larval stage (L3) of the parasite, including a family of pathogenesis-related-1 (PR-1) proteins known as the ancylostoma-secreted proteins (ASPs). " 02/25/2005 - "As part of on-going efforts to control hookworm infection, The Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative has identified candidate vaccine antigens from the infective L3 larval stages of the parasite, including a family of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins known as the Ancylostoma-secreted proteins (ASPs). " 01/01/2013 - "Naturally occurring human immunity to both schistosomiasis and hookworm infection has been associated with IgE responses against parasite allergen-like proteins. "
7.	Levamisole (Decaris)FDA Link 01/01/1987 - "[Mechanism of levamisole in preventing hookworm infection]." 01/01/1972 - "[Levamisole in hookworm infections (dosages and results)]." 01/01/1972 - "Clinical trial with L-tetramisole in roundworm and hookworm infections." 01/01/2003 - "Combined treatment with mebendazole and levamisole had a significantly higher efficacy against hookworm infections (cure rate, 26.1%; egg reduction rate, 88.7%) than either drug given alone. " 01/01/2003 - "To evaluate the efficacy of and resistance to mebendazole (500 mg) and levamisole (40 or 80 mg), alone or in combination, for the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections on Pemba Island - an area exposed to periodic school-based mebendazole treatment since 1994. "
8.	Glutens (Glutelin)IBA 02/01/2015 - "Parasitic helminths hold promise for treating inflammatory disorders, so we examined the influence of experimental hookworm infection on the predicted outcomes of escalating gluten challenges in CeD subjects. " 01/01/2015 - "Experimental hookworm infection of the trial subjects resulted in maintenance of the composition of the intestinal flora, even after a moderate gluten challenge. " 01/01/2015 - "Experimental hookworm infection and escalating gluten challenges are associated with increased microbial richness in celiac subjects." 03/01/2013 - "americanus, (iii) summarise the direct and bystander impact that hookworm infection has on mucosal immunity to the parasite and gluten, respectively, and (iv) speculate why this hookworm's success depends on healing its host and how this might impact on a propensity to autoimmunity." 03/01/2013 - "Hookworm infection elicited not only parasite-specific immunity but also modified the host's immune response to gluten. "
9.	selamectinIBA 08/23/2000 - "After confirmation of ascarid and/or hookworm infection, 298 cats of various ages and breeds were randomly assigned to treatment with selamectin (n=202) or an existing commercially approved positive-control product (n=96). " 08/23/2000 - "These studies have shown that monthly topical administration of selamectin is safe and highly effective in the treatment of naturally acquired ascarid and hookworm infections in cats."
10.	Tetrachloroethylene (Tetrachloroethene)IBA 09/01/1960 - "Efficacy of bephenium and tetrachloroethylene in mass treatment of hookworm infection." 12/01/1977 - "For anaemic adult villagers treated at a dispensary, one dose of tetrachlorethylene for hookworm infection and a once per week visit to collect medicines were found to be satisfactory. " 03/01/1972 - "Phenylene diisothiocyanate and tetrachlorethylene crossover studies in the treatment of hookworm infection." 04/01/1978 - "Mebendazole, tetrachlorethylene and pyrantel pamoate in the treatment of hookworm infection." 11/01/1972 - "Comparative clinical trial of bitoscanate: bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and tetrachlorethylene in hookworm infection."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2015 - "Feasibility of controlling hookworm infection through preventive chemotherapy: a simulation study using the individual-based WORMSIM modelling framework." 10/01/2012 - "A higher hookworm infection rate appeared and the chemotherapy effect was impacted in the target chemotherapy group, as some key population applied fresh human waste in vegetable plots. " 12/01/2008 - "In the tested village as a result of the application of selective chemotherapy, hookworm infection rate decreased from 58.79% to 1.08%, while the average of eggs per gram (EPG) reduced from 526.29 to 56.91. " 01/01/2002 - "The target chemotherapy on the predisposed population to hookworm infection showed that the prevalence in the population above 41 years old was declined from 19.4% to 10.9%. " 09/01/1985 - "Effectiveness of seasonal community-based mass-expulsion chemotherapy in the control of human hookworm infections in endemic communities."
2.	Topical Administration 08/23/2000 - "These studies have shown that monthly topical administration of selamectin is safe and highly effective in the treatment of naturally acquired ascarid and hookworm infections in cats."
3.	Intramuscular Injections 05/02/2008 - "In a phase 1 trial, 36 healthy adults without history of hookworm infection were enrolled into 1 of 3 dose cohorts (n=12 per cohort) and randomized to receive intramuscular injections of either Na-ASP-2 or saline placebo. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/2013 - "We assessed ABZ efficacy and SNP frequencies before and after treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections. " 04/01/2009 - "Hookworm infections did not re-appear after treatment. " 09/01/1997 - "The reinfection rate at 4 months after treatment was 54.5%, 3.6% and 10.3% for Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infection, respectively. " 03/01/1975 - "The intensity of hookworm infections was considered mild and after treatment the numbers of eggs in the stools diminished or disappeared. " 09/01/1997 - "Within 4 months after treatment almost one-fifth children with Ascaris and hookworm infection reached pre-treatment intensity infection. "
5.	Immunomodulation 01/01/2013 - "While several mechanisms of immunoregulation have been demonstrated for hookworm and other neglected tropical infections, the influence of apoptosis in the immunomodulation of hookworm infection is still poorly understood. "