Hip Fractures (Intertrochanteric Fractures)

Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).

Also Known As:

Networked: 1392 relevant articles (86 outcomes, 221 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Osteoporosis
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
4.	Bone Resorption
5.	Stroke (Strokes)

Experts

1.	Iwamoto, Jun: 22 articles (01/2013 - 01/2005)
2.	Sato, Yoshihiro: 20 articles (01/2013 - 01/2005)
3.	Parker, M J: 19 articles (01/2006 - 01/2000)
4.	Cauley, Jane A: 10 articles (08/2015 - 01/2004)
5.	Bauer, Douglas C: 10 articles (06/2015 - 04/2003)
6.	Satoh, Kei: 9 articles (07/2006 - 01/2005)
7.	Kanoko, Tomohiro: 9 articles (07/2006 - 01/2005)
8.	Honda, Yoshiaki: 8 articles (01/2013 - 03/2005)
9.	Adachi, Jonathan D: 8 articles (12/2011 - 12/2005)
10.	Tell, Grethe S: 7 articles (12/2015 - 05/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hip Fractures:

1.	risedronic acid (risedronate)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2008 - "The new risedronate 75mg monthly formulation, administered on two consecutive days, is therefore the first and only oral monthly therapy with proven efficacy in reducing the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures, and a safety profile confirmed by Phase III trials and 8-year post-marketing experience of risedronate. " 03/12/2007 - "Risedronate for the prevention of hip fractures: concern about validity of trials." 08/01/2002 - "Clinical studies conducted in Japan, North America and/or Europe revealed that risedronate reduces the risks of hip fractures and vertebral fractures by around 30% and around 50% compared with placebo over three years, respectively, and increases lumber spine BMD by around 5% at one year after starting treatment. " 02/01/2012 - "New hip fractures were significantly less frequent in the risedronate group, suggesting a preventive effect in high-risk patients. " 12/01/2011 - "The RR for hip fractures in the risedronate group as compared with the placebo group was 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.66). "
2.	Alendronate (Alendronate Sodium)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "A once-weekly regimen of alendronate administration provides better patient compliance and persistence with the treatment than the once-daily dosing regimen, leading to greater efficacy against hip fractures. " 01/01/2008 - "Alendronate is effective in reducing the risk of hip fractures across a spectrum of ages. " 05/01/2005 - "Meta-analysis of the efficacy of alendronate for the prevention of hip fractures in postmenopausal women." 01/01/2010 - "In a study underpowered for fracture outcomes, alendronate did not significantly reduce hip fractures in LTC. " 06/16/2009 - "Randomized controlled trials in postmenopausal women receiving alendronate or placebo for preventing hip fractures rate were searched from Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Trial Registry and China Biological Medicine database between January 1980 to December 2007. "
3.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1999 - "(1) treatment with active vitamin D metabolites and with combined therapy may be marginally effective in preventing hip fractures, and (2) stopping the treatment clearly increases the risk of hip fractures." 03/23/2009 - "We performed a meta-analysis on the efficacy of oral supplemental vitamin D in preventing nonvertebral and hip fractures among older individuals (> or =65 years). " 12/01/1998 - "Low BMD increases risk of hip fractures in patients with AD, but may be improved by vitamin D supplementation." 11/01/1997 - "Low BMD increases risk of hip fractures in patients with PD but may be improved by vitamin D supplementation." 11/01/2008 - "Three 2008 studies link low vitamin D levels to depression, hip fractures, and increased risk of death."
4.	CalciumIBA 06/01/1999 - "If, as the published studies suggest, shorter periods of supplementation result in an equivalent reduction in the risk of hip fractures, calcium supplementation becomes cost-effective for all adults aged > or =65 years in the United States. " 12/01/2015 - "In this large, prospective population study covering two thirds of the Norwegian population and comprising 19,000 hip fractures, we found an inverse association between calcium in drinking water and hip fracture risk in men. " 08/01/2008 - "However, the data from the 5,500 women involved in trials of calcium monotherapy show consistent adverse trends in numbers of hip fractures (relative risk 1.50, 95% CI 1.06-2.12). " 12/01/2007 - "On the basis of 4 clinical trials with separate results for hip fracture (6,504 subjects with 139 hip fractures), the pooled RR between calcium and placebo was 1.64 (95% CI:1.02, 2.64). " 10/01/2001 - "These studies show that elderly women are less able to compensate for low calcium intake by increasing calcium absorption and that within that age group, those who are least able to adapt are more likely to experience hip fractures. "
5.	DiphosphonatesIBA 11/30/1993 - "Other issues that need to be addressed include the optimal mode and dose of administration and hence the choice of bisphosphonate, the duration of treatment, the changes in bone metabolism following treatment arrest, and finally the efficacy of bisphosphonates in the prevention of hip fractures." 01/01/2010 - "There is currently no valid basis for distinguishing in a formal and objective manner the different new-generation bisphosphonates, in terms of efficacy against either vertebral, peripheral or hip fractures. " 11/01/2013 - "Results showed that an educative session modeled around the HIPS tool improved provider awareness about the link between bisphosphonates and atypical hip fractures. " 01/01/2009 - "If 3-year persistence improved by 10% with yearly treatment, an additional 78.5 hip fractures would be prevented compared to monthly bisphosphonates. " 10/01/2012 - "The aims of the present study were to report the current incidence of hip fractures in Oslo and to estimate the influence of bisphosphonates on the current incidence. "
6.	strontium ranelate (protelos)IBA 11/01/2005 - "The TROPOS study, which aimed at evaluating the effect of strontium ranelate on nonvertebral fractures, showed a significant reduction in the risk of new nonvertebral fractures and also, in a high-risk subgroup, a significant reduction in the risk of hip fractures. " 02/01/2007 - "The evidence base for the efficacy of fracture prevention for strontium ranelate needs to be strengthened, particularly for hip fractures, where there is currently a non-significant reduction. " 04/01/2012 - "The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between hip geometry and the 5-yr risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and the effects of strontium ranelate on these parameters. " 05/01/2005 - "This study shows that strontium ranelate significantly reduces the risk of all nonvertebral and in a high-risk subgroup, hip fractures over a 3-yr period, and is well tolerated. " 01/01/2011 - "Strontium ranelate (SrRan) is an anti-osteoporotic treatment that reduces the risk of vertebral and hip fractures. "
7.	denosumabFDA Link 06/01/2014 - "Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand, has shown efficacy against vertebral, nonvertebral and hip fractures. " 06/01/2011 - "In a placebo-controlled trial in about 7900 elderly osteoporotic women, denosumab significantly reduced the incidence of symptomatic vertebral fractures (0.8% versus 2.6% after 3 years) and hip fractures (0.7% versus 1.2%). " 01/01/2011 - "In major trials in postmenopausal women, denosumab increased bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in the spine, hip, and distal third of the radius and decreased vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures. " 12/01/2015 - "In FREEDOM, denosumab significantly reduced the risk of new vertebral, non-vertebral, and hip fractures. " 03/27/2015 - "Relative to placebo, denosumab treatment reduces the risk of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures significantly. "
8.	zoledronic acid (zoledronate)FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "Ourmeta-analysis showed that zoledronic acid was effective in reducing the incidence of vertebral fractures as well as nonvertebral fractures, including hip fractures. " 09/01/2008 - "The reduction in the rate of vertebral and hip fractures has been demonstrated in the main zoledronate trial and a prolongation of survival has been shown in the study including patients with a recent hip fracture. " 12/01/2011 - "In patients with recent hip fracture who received zoledronic acid therapy, the incidence of new subtrochanteric fractures was too small to draw any meaningful conclusions." 05/01/2011 - "Zoledronate also significantly reduced the risk of hip fractures (RR 0.59). " 03/01/2010 - "In 2008, 28% (0% in 1995) of the departments used bisfosfonates after hip fractures (none used yearly zoledronate). "
9.	Raloxifene (Evista)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "Hip fractures may be too infrequent to evaluate in practical clinical trials; even the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) study with 7,705 subjects was insufficiently powered to show a comparable reduction in hip fractures. " 06/01/2005 - "At 60 years of age, the cost per QALY of raloxifene was pound 26,000 assuming no impact on hip fractures, and pound 31,000 assuming an adverse effect. " 01/01/2004 - "No evidence is currently available for the reduction of hip fractures by raloxifene. " 01/01/2008 - "Raloxifene decreases the incidence of vertebral fractures by 30%-50% in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis but has not been shown to decrease the incidence of hip fractures or other non-vertebral fractures. " 09/01/2011 - "Risedronate treatment in adherent patients rapidly decreased the risk of hip fractures, whereas raloxifene treatment did not."
10.	Polymethyl Methacrylate (Sol)IBA 04/01/2010 - "With the meticulous augmentation technique demonstrated in this study, the PMMA cemented DHS proved to have better outcome than a conventional DHS for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. " 07/18/2014 - "A potential effective treatment for prevention of osteoporotic hip fractures is augmentation of the mechanical properties of the femur by injecting it with agents such as (PMMA) bone cement - femoroplasty. " 11/01/2012 - "A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcome and efficacy of PMMA augmented DHS in elderly osteoporotic patients with intertrochanteric fractures. " 11/01/1997 - "Our results suggest that these materials may have promise as substitutes for PMMA in the salvage of compression hip screw fixation in elderly osteopenic patients with complex intertrochanteric fractures and that further study of their use in this application is warranted." 01/02/2015 - "The risk of osteoporotic hip fractures may be reduced by augmenting susceptible femora with acrylic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Arthroplasty 10/01/2011 - "The lower postoperative inflammatory reaction after early surgery of hip fractures provides a better outcome when treated with arthroplasty." 09/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study is to compare the results of hip arthroplasty (total, hemi, or bipolar) with DHS in the elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. " 11/01/2013 - "30 patients of failed intertrochanteric fractures where hip arthroplasty was done between May 2008 and December 2011 were included in study. " 09/01/2013 - "Increased complication rate following conversion total hip arthroplasty after cephalomedullary fixation for intertrochanteric hip fractures: a multi-center study." 01/01/2012 - "The present study was conducted to compare bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BA) with total hip arthroplasty (THA) in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly osteoporotic patients. "
2.	Intramedullary Fracture Fixation 03/01/1997 - "Either intramedullary nailing or extramedullary fixation with a dynamic hip screw appear to give the best results for subtrochanteric fractures." 01/01/2014 - "Intramedullary nailing with spiral blade is a good option for acute subtrochanteric fractures with promising results. " 07/01/2000 - "The introduction of the gamma nail and of the long gamma nail, associating the principle of intramedullary nailing and of the sliding screw-plate, has led to good results in the treatment of complex fractures such as per-sub-trochanteric fractures and associated fractures of the femoral neck-diaphysis. " 09/01/2013 - "Intramedullary nailing has been reported to have better outcome compared with traditional plate fixation in surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. " 01/01/2012 - "Is the lag screw sliding effective in the intramedullary nailing in A1 and A2 AO-OTA intertrochanteric fractures? "
3.	Fracture Fixation 03/01/1998 - "New high strength cements that are susceptible to remodeling and replacement for fracture fixation may lead to improved clinical outcome in the treatment of hip fractures. " 12/18/2014 - "In this study the stability of hip fracture fixations in 4GCFs was compared to human cadaver femurs (HCFs) selected to represent patients with hip fractures. " 01/01/2002 - "The other study, involving 39 patients, comparing the PFN with the dynamic condylar plate for treating more distal and uncommon trochanteric fractures gave better intra-operative and fracture fixation results for the PFN. " 11/01/2005 - "We conclude that the PCCP device offers several advantages over CHS device and may improve the current treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures while maintaining a similar success rate in fracture fixation." 08/01/1995 - "To determine the effect of the timing of fracture fixation and the physiologic status on admission of elderly patients with hip fractures from low impact falls on resource utilization and outcome. "
4.	Traction 03/01/2013 - "We evaluated the efficacy of preoperative skin traction for hip fractures in a level II trauma center in Japan where many patients undergo delayed surgery. " 03/01/2013 - "Efficacy of preoperative skin traction for hip fractures: a single-institution prospective randomized controlled trial of skin traction versus no traction." 01/01/2008 - "The purpose of the current study was to examine the usefulness of the traction-internal rotation radiograph for the classification of hip fractures by junior residents in our department. " 09/30/2005 - "Preoperative skin traction or pillow nursing in hip fractures: a prospective, randomized study in 123 patients." 06/01/2015 - "The application of skin traction in patients with intertrochanteric fractures is recommended."
5.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 07/01/2010 - "Cemented long-stem bipolar prosthetic prosthesis replacement is effective for management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly." 03/01/1968 - "An improved intramedullary nail prosthesis for badly comminuted intertrochanteric fractures." 05/20/1989 - "During the study period 1358 hip fractures took place in Barcelona, with 1269 +/- 21 (mean +/- SEM) operations, 31219 +/- 1550 (mean +/- SEM) days of hospital admission, and 408 +/- 40 (mean +/- SEM) prostheses. " 12/01/1977 - "In this study the authors compared the mortality of fractures of the neck of the femur treated by femoral prostheses with early walking compared with trochanteric fractures treated by a nail plate and non-weight bearing activity for 2 to 3 months. " 05/01/2015 - "Cemented Thompson's prostheses have been used to treat elderly patients with displaced intracapsular hip fractures at our two units for the last 15 years, amid growing support for the use of newer implant designs for hip hemiarthroplasty. "