Herpes Zoster

An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 4837 relevant articles (247 outcomes, 485 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Chickenpox
2.	Infection
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Herpes Zoster
5.	Postherpetic Neuralgia

Experts

1.	Levin, Myron J: 22 articles (03/2015 - 10/2003)
2.	Tyring, Stephen K: 21 articles (10/2013 - 09/2003)
3.	Chan, Ivan S F: 15 articles (03/2015 - 08/2004)
4.	Arukwe, Augustine: 13 articles (01/2016 - 06/2002)
5.	Gershon, Anne A: 13 articles (08/2015 - 08/2004)
6.	Oxman, Michael N: 13 articles (03/2015 - 09/2003)
7.	Gupta, Satish K: 13 articles (09/2012 - 01/2002)
8.	Schmader, Kenneth E: 12 articles (03/2015 - 04/2003)
9.	Dworkin, Robert H: 11 articles (11/2013 - 06/2002)
10.	Dean, Jurrien: 10 articles (06/2012 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Herpes Zoster:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 10/15/1989 - "Regarding the treatment of herpes zoster, aciclovir (ACV) is as the most effective and safe drug available. " 06/16/1983 - "Acyclovir recipients with disseminated cutaneous zoster had a significantly accelerated rate of clearance of virus from vesicles, as compared with placebo recipients (P = 0.05 by the Breslow test)." 08/29/1988 - "In summary, oral acyclovir at a dosage of 800 mg five times per day for 10 days for treatment of acute herpes zoster is superior to 400 mg five times per day and favorably alters the course of the disease." 06/01/1997 - "Oral acyclovir is a costly antiviral agent shown to be effective in the treatment of herpes zoster. " 04/01/1989 - "Acyclovir was found to be effective to treat herpes zoster in these patients. "
2.	valacyclovir (valaciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "[Ophthalmic zoster of th eyelid: good outcome with valaciclovir]." 09/01/2000 - "Current wholesale prices indicate that valacyclovir is the more cost-effective treatment for herpes zoster ($83.90 vs $140.70 per course)." 05/01/2007 - "Oral valacyclovir 1.5 g bid is safe and effective for the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients over 18 years of age. " 05/01/2008 - "The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of an oral dosage of valacyclovir, 1 g TID versus 2 g TID, for the treatment of herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients > or =18 years of age. " 05/01/2007 - "To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of oral valacyclovir 1.5 g twice daily (bid) for the treatment of uncomplicated herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients over 18 years of age. "
3.	famciclovir (Famvir)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1996 - "Efficacy of famciclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster." 06/01/2002 - "Baseline and follow-up data from 4 samples of immunocompetent patients with herpes zoster who participated in clinical trials of the antiviral agent famciclovir were examined (N = 1778). " 01/01/2001 - "Famciclovir in treatment of acute herpes zoster: results of two post-marketing surveillance studies in Germany." 03/01/1996 - "Two multicenter clinical trials have shown that famciclovir given during the acute zoster phase accelerated healing of cutaneous lesions. " 07/15/1995 - "Collaborative Famciclovir Herpes Zoster Study Group."
4.	Herpes Zoster VaccineIBA 10/01/2009 - "Varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses to herpes zoster in elderly participants in a trial of a clinically effective zoster vaccine." 04/01/2013 - "The new zoster vaccine has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of herpes zoster and PHN." 01/01/2012 - "Herpes zoster vaccine is effective in preventing herpes zoster disease. " 06/01/2010 - "Zostavax is a new vaccine effective for preventing shingles and PHN. " 05/01/2010 - "The herpes zoster vaccine is effective in preventing herpes zoster and decreasing the incidence of complications. "
5.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 01/01/2012 - "There is lack of consensus from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of antivirals in the management of herpes zoster. " 01/01/2012 - "Antivirals for management of herpes zoster including ophthalmicus: a systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled trials." 05/01/2007 - "Because it is standard of care to administer antivirals for the treatment of acute herpes zoster, a placebo-controlled trial is not possible, necessitating the use of historical controls. " 12/01/1995 - "These elements of good study design should be borne in mind in the evaluation of current and future trails of antiviral drugs in herpes zoster." 01/01/2014 - "We conducted a matched retrospective population-based cohort study of older adults (mean 77 years) in Ontario, Canada who initiated in the outpatient setting a higher (n = 23,256) or lower (n = 3,876) dose of one of three oral antivirals for the treatment of herpes zoster between 2002 and 2011. "
6.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 02/01/1988 - "In this study, presence of the M42 mAb did not affect the incidence of A23187-induced ARs, whereas the zona-induced ARs that occurred in both corpus and cauda sperm were inhibited fully with M42 immunoglobulin (Ig) G. " 04/01/2009 - "We have previously demonstrated that JAM-A regulates cell migration by dimerization of the membrane-distal immunoglobulin-like loop and a C-terminal postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens (PDZ) binding motif. " 09/01/1992 - "[Immunoglobulins in the treatment of herpes zoster]." 12/01/1991 - "Zoster immunoglobulin (ZIG) was never given. " 01/01/1983 - "VZ specific antibody titers were compared for various immunoglobulin preparations and found to be 30 times higher in zoster immunoglobulins than in normal immunoglobulins."
7.	VaccinesIBA 10/01/1987 - "jacchus infectivity model should prove useful for determining the efficacy of subunit and live recombinant VZV vaccines as well as for the study of zoster." 01/12/2011 - "Several studies evaluated pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccines' efficacy. " 06/22/2009 - "Following the development of herpes zoster vaccines and the potential socio-economic benefits hereof, it is relevant to conduct a study concerning epidemiological aspects of the disease based on a Danish population. " 02/06/2015 - "Racial/ethnic disparities in coverage persisted for all six vaccines and widened for Tdap and herpes zoster vaccination. " 02/06/2015 - "Compared with 2012, only modest increases occurred in Tdap vaccination among adults aged ≥19 years (a 2.9 percentage point increase to 17.2%), herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged ≥60 years (a 4.1 percentage point increase to 24.2%), and HPV vaccination among males aged 19-26 years (a 3.6 percentage point increase to 5.9%); coverage among adults in the United States for the other vaccines did not improve. "
8.	Vidarabine (Vira-A)FDA Link 04/01/1977 - "Adenine arabinoside is most effective against disseminated herpes simplex virus and disseminated herpes zoster. " 10/14/1982 - "We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the value of vidarabine therapy for the prevention of complications from herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. " 05/15/1985 - "Vidarabine therapy for herpes zoster." 02/15/1985 - "Neurotoxic effects during vidarabine therapy for herpes zoster." 12/01/1983 - "Herpes zoster patients may benefit from treatment with vidarabine, currently the only antiviral agent approved for use in this disease. "
9.	brivudine (brivudin)IBA 01/01/2008 - "We report the case of an 8-year-old immunocompetent boy with a painful lumbosacral herpes zoster that was treated with brivudin and achieved rapid and sustained improvement in the absence of muco-cutaneous or pharmacological side effects." 12/15/2004 - "Discovery and development of BVDU (brivudin) as a therapeutic for the treatment of herpes zoster." 06/01/2003 - "Despite some methodological disadvantages common to this type of study, the present survey provides for the first evidence that brivudin treatment during acute herpes zoster favourably affects the incidence of PHN in immunocompetent elderly herpes zoster patients." 01/01/2008 - "Perineal muco-cutaneous herpes zoster treated with brivudin." 11/01/1980 - "Oral (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in severe herpes zoster."
10.	InterferonsIBA 02/01/1984 - "Interferon seems also effective for herpes zoster. " 01/01/1977 - "Since rIn.rCn was effective in stimulating interferon and since toxicity was considered acceptable, a randomized double-blind study was initiated to determine whether rIn.rCn is effective in the treatment of herpes zoster." 08/01/1984 - "For zoster at least, the efficacy of interferon has been documented in controlled studies. " 02/01/1984 - "But herpes zoster usually regresses spontaneously within three weeks, therefore, it is not easy to define efficacy of interferon in this disease. " 02/01/1984 - "Therefore, we need to examine the effect of interferon on herpes zoster both in placebo controlled and double-blind trials involving patients with immunocompromised diseases."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 09/15/2013 - "Furthermore, the fertilization rate improved dramatically via zona drilling using laser equipment (52%: 267/516), whereas normal offspring were obtainsed after transferring embryos created via IVF using IVM oocytes and frozen/thawed sperm. " 07/01/1993 - "To assess the optimal size of the hole and to evaluate the efficacy of laser drilling in comparison with that of mechanical zona dissection. " 06/01/1996 - "These laser zona-drilled (LZD) oocytes with one hole (LZD1) or two holes (LZD2) and the zona-intact controls were inseminated with spermatozoa at standard concentrations of 5x10(4), 5x10(5), 1x10(6) and 2x10(6)/ml. Fertilization was significantly improved at all sperm concentrations in LZD1 and LZD2 oocytes as compared to the controls. " 02/01/2005 - "The aim of this prospective and randomized study was to evaluate the efficacy of quarter-laser zona thinning assisted hatching (qLZT-AH) in improving the implantation of embryos in patients with previous implantation failure. " 06/01/2015 - "This study aimed to examine the effect of laser-assisted zona thinning (LAZT) at one or four-points on the blastocyst formation and hatching process in mice with respect to female age. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/2011 - "VACV at a dose of 1000 mg twice daily through 24 months after transplant is well tolerated and effective in suppressing shingles after SCT." 02/01/2011 - "Immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk for herpes zoster (HZ), but incidence in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has varied in multiple studies. " 07/01/2014 - "Until this case, herpes zoster facial lesions causing typical RHS have never been reported in literature, particularly in kidney transplant patients. " 06/15/2014 - "To evaluate health-care utilization and costs attributable to herpes zoster (HZ) within a population of patients with solid organ transplant (SOT). " 06/15/2014 - "Herpes zoster-attributable resource utilization and cost burden in patients with solid organ transplant."
3.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 06/15/2010 - "When the analysis was controlled for receipt of HAART, vaccination remained highly protective against herpes zoster." 10/01/2005 - "Male-to-male sex as an HIV risk factor (P = 0.02) and being on HAART at a zoster episode (P = 0.03) were protective against complicated zoster. " 10/01/2005 - "Herpes zoster in HIV-1-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective observational study." 07/01/2013 - "We evaluated the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects. " 07/01/2013 - "Decreasing incidence of herpes zoster in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2014 - "Vaccination against zoster remains effective in older adults who later undergo chemotherapy." 12/01/2015 - "The median onset of herpes zoster was 32 days (range, 15-95 days) from the initiation of chemotherapy. " 12/01/2011 - "Herpes zoster (HZ) is rare in healthy children, but may occur frequently and take a complicated course in children receiving chemotherapy. " 11/09/2009 - "Chemotherapy causes zoster eruptions in approximately one quarter of children with ALL, and with intensive protocols recurrent zoster can cause significant morbidity. " 11/09/2009 - "Three children on prolonged intensive chemotherapy had recurrent zoster episodes. "
5.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 01/01/2010 - "In the entire study population, zoster vaccination reduced the severity of interference of HZ and PHN with activities of daily living by two-thirds, as measured by two questionnaires specific to HZ. A vaccination scheme may positively impact the incidence and course of HZ disease, thereby improving patients' quality-of-life." 12/01/2015 - "In older people, there is a strong bidirectional link between herpes zoster and functional decline, which refers to a decrement in ability to perform activities of daily living due to ageing and disabilities. " 04/01/2011 - "The severity of zoster pain was moderately highly correlated with activities of daily living (ADL), at 0.68 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.76. " 11/09/2010 - "The Zoster Brief Pain Inventory was used to measure severity of pain and interference with activities of daily living because of pain. " 01/01/2008 - "Herpes zoster acute pain lowers quality of life and interferes with activities of daily living. "