Herpes Simplex

A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

Networked: 2758 relevant articles (122 outcomes, 245 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Herpes Zoster
3.	Keratitis
4.	Chickenpox
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Shukla, Deepak: 9 articles (01/2015 - 10/2002)
2.	Castro, Maria G: 8 articles (09/2013 - 08/2005)
3.	Lowenstein, Pedro R: 8 articles (09/2013 - 08/2005)
4.	Glorioso, Joseph C: 7 articles (01/2015 - 07/2002)
5.	Knipe, David M: 6 articles (08/2014 - 01/2005)
6.	Coen, Donald M: 6 articles (04/2014 - 01/2005)
7.	Galegov, G A: 6 articles (01/2011 - 01/2000)
8.	Fussenegger, Martin: 5 articles (05/2015 - 05/2006)
9.	Roizman, Bernard: 5 articles (05/2015 - 06/2002)
10.	Liu, Chunyan: 5 articles (05/2013 - 08/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Herpes Simplex:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2005 - "Improved neurodevelopmental outcomes following long-term high-dose oral acyclovir therapy in infants with central nervous system and disseminated herpes simplex disease." 07/01/2003 - "Acyclovir (ACY) is effective in the treatment of herpes simplex (HSV-1) & (HSV-2) but has systemic toxic effects if given orally or intravenously. " 01/01/1994 - " Acyclovir is effective against Herpes simplex. " 01/07/1988 - "[Acyclovir--the first clinically useful peroral agent effective in herpes simplex]." 06/19/2011 - "Meta-analysis of randomized trials on the association of prophylactic acyclovir and HIV-1 viral load in individuals coinfected with herpes simplex virus-2."
2.	Thymidine KinaseIBA 01/01/2008 - "Cancer gene therapy using the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) suicide gene is a promising treatment, and TK has been used in clinical trials with some success. " 01/01/1997 - "Tumours smaller than 20 mm3 can be cured with defective retrovirus that do not carry the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (Hsvtk) gene. " 09/01/1995 - "The role of immunosuppression in the efficacy of cancer gene therapy using adenovirus transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene." 08/15/2005 - "In spite of preclinical efficacy and recent randomized, controlled studies with adenoviral vectors expressing herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) showing statistically significant increases in survival, most clinical trials using single therapies have failed to provide major therapeutic breakthroughs. " 02/01/2005 - "The feasibility of the strategy has been demonstrated in clinical studies using T cells modified by retroviral transduction to encode the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSVTK) gene to treat patients with haematological malignancies. "
3.	Ganciclovir (Cytovene)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2000 - "Moreover, direct intratumoral injection of a herpes simplex virus-1 Tk-encoding vector induced, on ganciclovir administration, a significant antitumoral effect in the two animals evaluated. " 01/01/1987 - "Total ganciclovir concentrations in the vitreous, up to 28 days, were higher than ID50 (50% inhibitory dose) for different clinical and laboratory strains of viruses belonging to the herpes simplex family." 01/01/2014 - "Based on safety, efficacy, and tolerability, ganciclovir 0.15% gel should now be considered a front-line topical drug in the treatment of dendritic herpes simplex epithelial keratitis. " 11/01/2010 - "Oral ganciclovir can effectively assist to relieve the symptoms and signs and shorten the pathogenesis of herpes simplex stromal keratitis and corneal endotheliitis. " 12/13/1997 - "Oral ganciclovir reduced the incidence of CMV infection (placebo 79 [51.5%] of 154; ganciclovir 37 [24.5%] of 150; p < 0.001) and also reduced symptomatic herpes-simplex infections (Kaplan-Meier estimates: placebo 36 [23.5%] of 154; ganciclovir five [3.5%] of 150; p < 0.001). "
4.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 11/26/1993 - "Extensive structure-function studies have been carried out on peptide inhibition of herpes simplex RR in an effort to develop antiviral agents based on the observation that the herpes simplex R2 C-terminus, YAGAVVNDL, is quite different from the corresponding mammalian sequence. " 06/01/1982 - "The presence of vesicle fluid IFN (1,500 to 28,600 U) in 15 lesions less than 12 h old emphasizes the need for early treatment in studies of antiviral agents for herpes simplex labialis." 04/01/2005 - "In previous herpes simplex patients, 47% of surgeons used oral and 14% used topical antivirals preoperatively, whereas 75% used oral and 47% used topical postoperatively. " 02/01/2004 - "Antiviral agents for the prevention of the sexual transmission of herpes simplex in discordant couples." 01/01/2001 - "Recurrent herpes simplex labialis represents a disease still difficult to treat, despite the availability of many established antiviral drugs used in clinical research since 30 years ago. "
5.	FoscarnetFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1988 - "Phosphonoformate is effective in herpes simplex in animals but of little clinical benefit topically in human recurrent A2 herpes. " 02/01/1992 - "The antiviral efficacy of phosphonoformic acid (PFA) was examined on tissue cultures of the human embryonal lungs against the viruses herpes simplex type 1 and 2, herpes zoster, and the human cytomegalovirus using the method of the inhibition of the cytopathic effect and against herpes simplex type 1 and 2 on the tissue cultures of Vero cells using the methods of the inhibition of plaque formation. " 10/01/1987 - "The effects of topical foscarnet in a new model of herpes simplex skin infection." 01/01/1997 - "We evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of meliacin combined with foscarnet on the herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) strains F and B2006 (tk-) replication. " 01/01/1994 - "At the present time, foscarnet is the treatment of choice for acyclovir-resistant mucocutaneous herpes simplex."
6.	valacyclovir (valaciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2015 - "The current guidelines for the treatment of primary herpes simplex in the Genito-urinary department in Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, recommend valaciclovir as a first-line medication. " 01/01/2013 - "Short communication: T cell activation in HIV-1/herpes simplex virus-2-coinfected Kenyan women receiving valacyclovir." 01/01/2000 - "Use of valacyclovir for herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) prophylaxis after facial resurfacing: A randomized clinical trial of dosing regimens." 08/01/2014 - "Treatment with valaciclovir might be effective in patients with suspected herpes simplex scleritis." 06/01/2006 - "Valacyclovir has an acceptable safety profile in patients with herpes simplex and herpes zoster. "
7.	famciclovir (Famvir)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2000 - "Combination treatment with famciclovir and a topical corticosteroid gel versus famciclovir alone for experimental ultraviolet radiation-induced herpes simplex labialis: a pilot study." 02/01/1999 - "Peroral famciclovir in the treatment of experimental ultraviolet radiation-induced herpes simplex labialis: A double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial." 07/01/2007 - "Famciclovir is an effective treatment for herpes simplex and herpes zoster. " 12/01/2005 - "Famciclovir (Famvir, Novartis) is an effective treatment for herpes zoster and herpes simplex. " 05/01/2009 - "Pharmacokinetics and safety of famciclovir in children with herpes simplex or varicella-zoster virus infection."
8.	AntibodiesIBA 05/01/2013 - "A total of 2694 adult female volunteers in Canada with no known history of herpes simplex were screened for HSV antibodies using Western blot assay (the gold standard for diagnosis of HSV) for potential participation in a randomized, double-blind efficacy field trial of a herpes simplex vaccine. " 11/01/1977 - "[Study of herpes simplex antibodies in tears using the passive hemagglutination reaction]." 02/01/2014 - "A rise in titer of human herpesvirus-6, cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus-1 antibodies was detected. " 01/01/2014 - "Antibodies to herpes simplex type 2 virus were least common in heterosexual men. " 04/01/2011 - "Prevalence of specific herpes simplex virus-2 antibodies and associated factors in women of a rural town of Colombia."
9.	Vidarabine (Vira-A)FDA Link 07/01/1978 - "Vidarabine may prove to be useful in the treatment of widespread herpes simplex." 08/01/1999 - "The patient had severe and recurrent ACV-r herpes simplex and was treated with vidarabine in a satisfactory manner from 1993 to 1997. " 05/01/1985 - "The upper border levels for judging clinical isolates sensitive to Ara-A, ACV, PFA or IDU were calculated from a total of 48 primary herpes simplex isolates. " 01/01/1973 - "The susceptibility of herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 viruses to 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) was tested in intracerebrally infected mice. " 02/19/1988 - "Disseminated herpes simplex infection in a neonate during prophylaxis with vidarabine."
10.	Idoxuridine (Stoxil)FDA LinkGeneric 10/17/1964 - "TREATMENT OF HERPES SIMPLEX LESIONS OF THE FACE WITH IDOXURIDINE: RESULTS OF A DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED TRIAL." 01/01/1964 - "STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF 5 IUDR ON HERPES SIMPLEX OF THE EYE." 08/01/2004 - "Topical liposomal gel of idoxuridine for the treatment of herpes simplex: pharmaceutical and clinical implications." 10/15/1987 - "First generation progeny herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) virions grown in the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) were irradiated with either 254 or 302 nm ultraviolet (u.v.) light. " 09/01/1969 - "The effectiveness of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) on herpes simplex labialis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 04/01/2010 - "This study aimed to evaluate herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) seropositivity among kidney transplant recipients. " 04/01/2010 - "Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus-2 in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center experience." 07/01/2006 - "Herpes simplex in a liver transplant recipient." 08/01/1970 - "Herpes simplex lesions appeared to be no more common after transplantation than before in those patients subject to recurrent attacks. " 12/01/2005 - "To evaluate the efficacy of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) combined with antivirus and corticosteroid drug to treat necrotizing herpes simplex stromal keratitis. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/14/1977 - "We performed daily examination of 80 patients with recurrent herpes simplex labialis to define the course of the disease and to identify quantitative and objective measurements for use in monitoring the efficacy of antiviral chemotherapy. " 09/01/1992 - "Studies of herpes simplex labialis induced by ultraviolet radiation have suggested that there is a subpopulation of lesions that develop immediately after irradiation and that are refractory to chemotherapy. " 02/01/2013 - "Concurrent chemotherapy inhibits herpes simplex virus-1 replication and oncolysis." 01/04/2006 - "Effect of chemotherapy-induced DNA repair on oncolytic herpes simplex viral replication." 09/01/1992 - "The resistance of recurrent herpes simplex labialis to antiviral chemotherapy may be caused in part by inoculation of the skin simultaneously at multiple foci, such that only a few cycles of virus replication are needed before there is coalescence of the foci, destruction of the epidermis, and clinical lesion formation. "
3.	Penetrating Keratoplasty 03/01/2001 - "To evaluate the efficacy of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in treating active herpes simplex stromal keratitis. " 04/01/2010 - "A causal role of herpes simplex infection in persistent epithelial defect following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) has been documented in the past. " 06/01/2007 - "A 51-year-old woman presented with the clinical picture of infectious crystalline keratopathy 18 months after a second penetrating keratoplasty was performed for corneal decompensation secondary to recurrent herpes simplex infection. " 03/01/2001 - "[Penetrating keratoplasty in active herpes simplex stromal keratitis]." 01/01/1990 - "No previously reported predisposing factors existed, including topical corticosteroid use during active Herpes simplex or Acanthamoeba keratitis, or following penetrating keratoplasty. "
4.	Hypnosis (Mesmerism) 05/12/1981 - "The underlying criteria, practice, clinical progression and positive results obtained with psychotherapy and hypnosis in the treatment of 24 cases of recurrent herpes simplex are described in support of this view. " 01/01/1984 - "The use of hypnosis in the treatment of herpes simplex II." 06/01/1947 - "Herpes simplex and second degree burn induced under hypnosis." 03/01/2000 - "A wide spectrum of dermatologic disorders may be improved or cured using hypnosis as an alternative or complementary therapy, including acne excoriée, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, dyshidrotic dermatitis, erythromelalgia, furuncles, glossodynia, herpes simplex, hyperhidrosis, ichthyosis vulgaris, lichen planus, neurodermatitis, nummular dermatitis, postherpetic neuralgia, pruritus, psoriasis, rosacea, trichotillomania, urticaria, verruca vulgaris, and vitiligo. "
5.	Microspheres (Microsphere) 12/01/2006 - "A dose of 4.74 mg of microspheres would be therapeutic for the herpes simplex and Epstein-Barr viruses' treatment in an animal model and would reduce the intravitreal adverse effects. " 11/01/2003 - "A dose of 0.74 mg microspheres would be therapeutic for the herpes simplex and Epstein-Barr viruses (MIC 0.1 microg/ml) and 7.4 mg for varicella zoster virus (MIC 1 microg/ml) treatment in an animal model."