Herpes Labialis (Fever Blister)

Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

Also Known As:

Networked: 289 relevant articles (44 outcomes, 70 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Herpes Labialis (Fever Blister)
2.	Infection
3.	Herpes Genitalis (Genital Herpes)
4.	Herpes Simplex
5.	Constipation

Experts

1.	Spruance, Spotswood L: 8 articles (04/2011 - 07/2002)
2.	Marotti, Juliana: 4 articles (07/2014 - 04/2009)
3.	Tyring, Stephen: 4 articles (07/2014 - 09/2006)
4.	de Freitas, Patrícia Moreira: 3 articles (07/2014 - 05/2010)
5.	Eduardo, Carlos de Paula: 3 articles (09/2012 - 07/2009)
6.	Cunningham, Anthony: 3 articles (01/2012 - 08/2003)
7.	Hamed, Kamal: 3 articles (06/2011 - 07/2006)
8.	Spruance, Spotswood: 3 articles (06/2007 - 04/2003)
9.	Tyring, Stephen K: 3 articles (06/2006 - 10/2002)
10.	Spruance, S L: 3 articles (06/2002 - 06/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Herpes Labialis:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 04/13/1996 - "Topical acyclovir is beneficial in recurrent herpes labialis." 08/15/2006 - "Single-dose topical iontophoresis of acyclovir appears to be a convenient and effective treatment for cold sores and merits further clinical investigation." 05/28/1983 - "Acyclovir cream is well tolerated and effective for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis." 06/01/1999 - "This pilot study suggests the improved clinical efficacy of the new liposomal preparation in comparison with Zovirax cream in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis." 01/01/1993 - "The results of these trials showed that prophylactic topical acyclovir was mostly ineffective, but that prophylactic peroral acyclovir, in doses ranging from 400 to 1,000 mg/day, reduced the frequency of herpes labialis during treatment by 50-78%. "
2.	valacyclovir (valaciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2003 - "Two identical, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of oral valacyclovir 500 mg (n=49) versus placebo (n=49) once daily for 16 weeks in the suppression of herpes labialis among patients with a history of 4 or more recurrent lesions in the previous year. " 03/01/2003 - "These studies provide evidence supporting a simple, 1-day valacyclovir treatment regimen for cold sores that is safe and effective. " 03/01/2003 - "The efficacy of oral valacyclovir in the suppression of herpes labialis has not previously been reported. " 09/01/2004 - "The authors enrolled 125 otherwise healthy HSV-seropositive adults who reported having recurrent herpes labialis (more than one episode per year and at least one episode in the previous year) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and gave them valacyclovir prophylactically (2 grams taken twice on the day of dental treatment and 1 g taken twice the next day) or a matching placebo. " 09/01/2004 - "This study determined the efficacy and safety of oral valacyclovir in suppressing dentally related cold sore outbreak and HSV shedding. "
3.	famciclovir (Famvir)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2006 - "Single-dose famciclovir appears to be an effective, convenient therapy for recurrent herpes labialis. " 07/01/2006 - "Single-dose, patient-initiated famciclovir: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for episodic treatment of herpes labialis." 06/01/2011 - "Safety and pharmacokinetics of a single 1500-mg dose of famciclovir in adolescents with recurrent herpes labialis." 09/01/2006 - "Single-dose famciclovir for the treatment of herpes labialis." 07/01/2006 - "Single-dose famciclovir reduced time to healing of herpes labialis lesions by approximately 2 days compared with placebo."
4.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 07/01/2014 - "Single-day, high-dose systemic antiviral drugs are effective in the treatment of labial herpes (herpes labialis [HL]). " 01/01/2013 - "Systemic nucleoside antiviral agents may be effective in prevention of recurrent herpes labialis." 08/01/1991 - "This model can be employed in the evaluation of topical antiviral agents for herpes labialis in a healthy population, because it standardizes criteria for subject enrollment and provides objective and reproducible measurements of therapeutic efficacy." 04/01/1994 - "Models of UV radiation induced herpes labialis utilizing crude light sources have previously been used to examine the efficacy of antivirals. " 05/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to complete a systematic review and, if possible, a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of systemic and topical nucleoside antiviral agents in the prevention of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) in immunocompetent subjects. "
5.	penciclovir (Denavir)FDA Link 01/01/2000 - "The purpose of this study was to further define the therapeutic value of penciclovir cream in the treatment of sunlight-induced herpes labialis by comparing its efficacy and tolerability with those of an inactive control (purified water). " 01/01/2000 - "Penciclovir Cream Herpes Labialis Study Group." 04/15/2003 - "Subjects received topical penciclovir for 4 days during successive episodes of recurrent herpes labialis. " 04/15/2003 - "Susceptibility of herpes simplex virus isolates to nucleoside analogues and the proportion of nucleoside-resistant variants after repeated topical application of penciclovir to recurrent herpes labialis." 09/01/2002 - "Penciclovir susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus isolates from patients using penciclovir cream for treatment of recurrent herpes labialis."
6.	docosanol (IK.2)FDA Link 11/01/1996 - "To demonstrate the efficacy of n-docosanol 10% cream in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis, a randomised, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study was undertaken in 63 patients. " 11/01/1996 - "n-Docosanol 10% cream in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study." 04/01/2010 - "All of the published literature relating to docosanol and its use for the management of recurrent herpes labialis was reviewed, from the first report of docosanol to 31 January 2010. " 04/01/2010 - "Topical n-docosanol for management of recurrent herpes labialis." 12/01/2004 - "Docosanol is the first topical antiviral approved for over-the-counter use in recurrent herpes labialis."
7.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2014 - "Herein, we review the basic science and clinical studies that support the efficacy of this topical combination acyclovir-hydrocortisone product in treating herpes labialis and examine its safety profile, as well as touch upon other therapies that have been shown to be effective in treating this common viral condition. " 08/01/2015 - "Efficacy of Topical 5% Acyclovir-1% Hydrocortisone Cream (ME-609) for Treatment of Herpes Labialis: a systematic review." 06/01/2002 - "Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of topical 5% acyclovir-1% hydrocortisone cream (ME-609) for treatment of UV radiation-induced herpes labialis." 05/01/2014 - "Recent approval of Xerese in Canada: 5% acyclovir and 1% hydrocortisone topical cream in the treatment of herpes labialis." 09/01/2011 - "A cream containing 5% aciclovir and 1% hydrocortisone has been authorised in France for symptomatic treatment of herpes labialis in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older. "
8.	Doxycycline (Vibramycin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2012 - "Monocarpin and doxycycline combination gel may be effective for treatment of herpes labialis." 01/01/2012 - "A study of the clinical activity of a gel combining monocaprin and doxycycline: a novel treatment for herpes labialis." 01/01/2012 - "The study objective was to investigate the antiviral and wound-healing effect of a hydrogel containing either monocaprin or a combination of monocaprin and a low dose of doxycycline in vivo against herpes labialis. "
9.	Polyethylene Glycols (Polyethylene Glycol)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1983 - "The efficacy of topical acyclovir in the treatment of herpes labialis has been evaluated in placebo-controlled trials with both the polyethylene glycol ointment and modified aqueous cream base preparations. " 05/01/1984 - "Topical acyclovir in polyethylene glycol was ineffective for the treatment of herpes labialis despite an optimum therapeutic opportunity." 06/01/2009 - "It reduces healing time by about 2 days provided treatment is started as soon as the first symptoms appear; (2) Docosanol, a fatty alcohol, was recently authorized in France for treatment of episodes of herpes labialis; (3) A trial in 474 patients showed no tangible difference between docosanol and 5% aciclovir in reducing healing time; (4) Clinical evaluation also includes two trials versus an excipient (polyethylene glycol) including 370 and 373 patients. "
10.	imiquimod (Aldara)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "Long-term remission of recurrent herpes labialis following topical imiquimod application on distant healthy skin: a clinical and immunological study." 09/15/2005 - "Therefore, we evaluated the safety and potential of topical imiquimod to decrease the rate of recurrence in humans with a history of recurrent herpes labialis. " 09/15/2005 - "Evaluation of imiquimod 5% cream to modify the natural history of herpes labialis: a pilot study." 09/15/2005 - "Application of imiquimod 5% cream to herpes labialis lesions was associated with a delay in the time to the first recurrence after treatment, but severe local inflammation occurred in some individuals." 09/15/2005 - "Forty-seven subjects with recurrent herpes labialis applied imiquimod 5% (n=30) or vehicle cream (n=17) to recurrent lesion(s) on days 1, 3, and 5 of the study (day 1 of observation occurred within 48 h after recurrence of lesion). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 09/01/2006 - "Previous research demonstrated that 1072-nm narrowband laser light is effective in the treatment of cold sores. " 07/01/2014 - "Although these results indicate a potential beneficial use for lasers in the management of recurrent herpes labialis, they are based on limited published clinical trials and case reports. " 07/01/2014 - "Therefore, the aim of the present article was to review the literature regarding the effects of laser irradiation on recurrent herpes labialis and to identify the indications and most successful clinical protocols. " 07/01/2014 - "Currently, different kinds of laser treatment and different protocols have been proposed for the management of recurrent herpes labialis. " 07/01/2014 - "Laser treatment of recurrent herpes labialis: a literature review."
2.	Oral Administration 08/01/1993 - "Oral administration of acyclovir at the onset of herpes labialis was effective in preventing HAEM. "
3.	Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) 05/01/2010 - "Effect of laser phototherapy on recurring herpes labialis prevention: an in vivo study." 05/01/2014 - "Recurrent Labial Herpes Simplex in Pediatric Dentistry: Low-level Laser Therapy as a Treatment Option. " 05/01/2014 - "Recurrent Labial Herpes Simplex in Pediatric Dentistry: Low-level Laser Therapy as a Treatment Option." 04/01/2009 - "Treatment with low-level laser therapy can be considered as an option in the treatment of herpes labialis, and decreases the frequency of vesicle recurrence and provides comfort for patients. " 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of this work was to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing and relapse intervals in patients with recurrent labial herpes simplex infections. "
4.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 07/01/2009 - "Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis: preliminary results." 06/01/2010 - "High-intensity laser and photodynamic therapy as a treatment for recurrent herpes labialis." 07/01/2009 - "This study sought to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients who had been diagnosed with recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) after treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). " 06/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to report the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) using a high-intensity laser or methylene blue (MB)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/1985 - "A low OKT4/OKT8 ratio was found before the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease in one patient, and an increase in the immune responder state was seen after treatment of a patient developing spinocellular carcinoma at the site of a former herpes labialis. " 07/01/2009 - "This study sought to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients who had been diagnosed with recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) after treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). " 09/15/2005 - "Application of imiquimod 5% cream to herpes labialis lesions was associated with a delay in the time to the first recurrence after treatment, but severe local inflammation occurred in some individuals."