Umbilical Hernia (Omphalocele)

A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.

Also Known As:

Networked: 678 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 42 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Gastroschisis
2.	Umbilical Hernia (Omphalocele)
3.	Diaphragmatic Hernia
4.	Holoprosencephaly (Arhinencephaly)
5.	Esophageal Atresia

Experts

1.	Thompson, Jennifer: 16 articles (02/2013 - 01/2008)
2.	Puri, Prem: 15 articles (02/2013 - 12/2008)
3.	Bannigan, John: 14 articles (06/2012 - 01/2008)
4.	Doi, Takashi: 13 articles (06/2012 - 12/2008)
5.	Chen, Chih-Ping: 10 articles (03/2011 - 05/2005)
6.	National Birth Defects Prevention Study: 7 articles (04/2015 - 08/2007)
7.	Druschel, Charlotte M: 6 articles (08/2015 - 09/2004)
8.	Canfield, Mark A: 4 articles (01/2014 - 01/2002)
9.	Gregor, V: 4 articles (10/2012 - 03/2004)
10.	Sípek, A: 4 articles (10/2012 - 03/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Umbilical Hernia:

1.	MegaduodenumIBA 03/01/2010 - "Structural anomalies included omphalocele in 11 (21%), abnormal posturing of the hands in three (6%), megacystis in two (4%), and abnormal four-chamber view of the heart in two (4%). " 01/01/2001 - "This provides great advantages as the clinical management will be quite different for a case of omphalocele or megacystis. " 02/01/1985 - "The umbilical hernia is thought to represent a mechanically induced embryological defect, secondary to the expanding nonfunctional megacystis which appears to be the dominant component from an early stage. " 07/01/2010 - "The prevalence of holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis was 1 : 1298, 1 : 381 and 1 : 1632, respectively. " 07/01/2010 - "To determine the prevalence and outcome of fetuses with holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis diagnosed at 11-13 weeks of gestation. "
2.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2005 - "In this study, we tested single nucleotide polymorphisms in folate-related enzyme genes for association with omphalocele. " 07/01/2005 - "This variant causes reduced enzyme activity, thus suggesting a mechanism by which multivitamins with folic acid might prevent omphalocele. " 07/01/2005 - "Folate-related genes and omphalocele." 05/01/2002 - "Omphalocele can occur in certain multiple congenital anomaly patterns with neural tube defects, for which a protective effect of multivitamins with folic acid has been demonstrated. " 05/01/2012 - "Our data, if confirmed, suggest that supplements containing both folic acid and vitamin B12 may be beneficial in preventing omphaloceles."
3.	Bupivacaine (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "We assessed the safety and efficacy of a prolonged-release liposomal formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine administered via infiltration into the TAP in a cohort of patients undergoing open abdominal umbilical hernia repair. " 01/01/2014 - "Patients included in the study were 18-75 years of age, had American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification status 1-3, and underwent open abdominal umbilical hernia repair with ultrasound-guided TAP infiltration immediately after surgery using an equal-volume bilateral infusion of liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg (diluted to 30 mL in normal saline). " 01/01/2014 - "Liposomal bupivacaine infiltration into the transversus abdominis plane for postsurgical analgesia in open abdominal umbilical hernia repair: results from a cohort of 13 patients." 09/01/2014 - "Compare the effectiveness and bupivacaine absorption following USGRSB or wound infiltration (WI) for umbilical hernia repair in children. " 01/01/1995 - "After umbilical hernia surgery, and wound infiltration with bupivacaine 0.5%, 17 children were given ketorolac 0.5 mg.kg-1, with 18 controls receiving only the wound infiltration. "
4.	Hereditary renal agenesisIBA 01/01/2014 - "While on prenatal ultrasound, low-set umbilicus, omphalocele, diastasis of the pubic rami, split vulva and left-sided renal agenesis were suggestive of classic cloacal exstrophy, the presence of bladder filling and the missing characteristic elephant trunk appearance of the usually prolapsing terminal ileum suggested the diagnosis of covered cloacal exstrophy. " 04/01/2008 - "Clinical evaluation revealed bilateral total cryptophthalmos and enlarged globes in addition to genitourinary anomalies, umbilical hernia, renal agenesis, and facial anomalies. " 10/23/1995 - "Except for omphalocele, right renal agenesis and malrotation of the colon in the elder sister, the internal organs were normal. " 01/01/1995 - "It has been moderately (but inconsistently) effective in the avoidance of births of infants with omphalocele/gastroschisis and renal agenesis/dysgenesis but not of limb reduction defects. " 01/01/1995 - "83 cases of omphalocele/gastroschisis (5.4/10,000 births), 92 cases of renal agenesis/dysgenesis (5.9/10,000 births), and 134 cases of limb reduction defects (8.7/10,000 births) were found. "
5.	Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2006 - "The use of silver sulfadiazine dressing changes for initial nonoperative management of giant omphaloceles is a safe and effective bridge to delayed closure. " 03/01/2012 - "Initial topical coverage with SSD is associated with excellent outcomes for infants with giant omphalocele who cannot undergo immediate closure." 03/01/2012 - "To assess the value of topical silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream in the treatment of babies with a giant omphalocele. " 03/01/2012 - "Delayed management of giant omphalocele using silver sulfadiazine cream: an 18-year experience." 11/01/2006 - "Twenty-two patients with giant omphaloceles (19 containing liver) underwent initial nonoperative management consisting of silver sulfadiazine dressing changes. "
6.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 11/01/1993 - "Inhaled nitric oxide was used successfully to treat a newborn infant with severe pulmonary hypertension complicating repair of congenital exomphalos. " 03/01/2008 - "A 38-week gestation female neonate with an antenatally diagnosed exomphalos major was born with respiratory insufficiency requiring initially high frequency oscillation, nitric oxide and inotropic support. " 11/01/1993 - "Inhaled nitric oxide for pulmonary hypertension after repair of exomphalos." 12/01/2014 - "Use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with inhaled nitric oxide in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, and patent ductus arteriosus."
7.	CalreticulinIBA 03/08/1999 - "Mice homozygous for the calreticulin gene disruption developed omphalocele (failure of absorption of the umbilical hernia) and showed a marked decrease in ventricular wall thickness and deep intertrabecular recesses in the ventricular walls. " 01/01/2010 - "Disruption of calreticulin-mediated cellular adhesion signaling in the cadmium-induced omphalocele in the chick model."
8.	Vitamin B 12 (Cyanocobalamin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2012 - "Our data, if confirmed, suggest that supplements containing both folic acid and vitamin B12 may be beneficial in preventing omphaloceles." 05/01/2012 - "We studied 169 non-aneuploid omphalocele cases and 761 unaffected, matched controls from all New York State births occurring between 1998 and 2005 to look for associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be important in folate, vitamin B12, or choline metabolism. " 05/01/2012 - "The finding that transcobalamin receptor (TCblR) and transporter (TCN2) SNPs and a BHMT SNP were associated with omphalocele suggests that disruption of methylation reactions, in which folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine play critical parts, may be a risk factor for omphalocele. " 06/01/2008 - "Total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, cobalamin, apo-transcobalamin (apo-TC) and apo-haptocorrin (apo-HC) were measured in the amniotic fluid of 82 women who were pregnant with a child having a complex birth defect, such as neural tube defect, cleft lip and/or palate, heart defect or omphalocele, and in 110 women pregnant with a non-malformed child. "
9.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 05/01/1992 - "With equivocal sonographic findings, a normal AF-AFP and negative AF-ACE may be more compatible with an omphalocele." 05/01/1983 - "The association between fetal omphalocele and elevated alpha-fetoprotein is significant, and may prompt a search for a small omphalocele that would otherwise be missed on a routine obstetric sonogram. " 04/01/1980 - "Raised maternal serum and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) associated with exomphalos in the fetus." 06/01/1988 - "This population-based study analyzes maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) distributions for 20 cases of gastroschisis and 13 cases of omphalocele occurring in singleton pregnancies from among 72,782 second-trimester pregnancies in Maine and Rhode Island screened consecutively between January 1, 1979 and February 28, 1987. " 07/01/1999 - "Factors such as year of diagnosis and delivery, maternal age, race/ethnicity, residence, and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening affected the prenatal diagnosis and/or elective termination of both omphalocele and gastroschisis pregnancies, but frequently in different ways. "
10.	Polypropylenes (Polypropylene)IBA 02/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of polypropylene mesh to treat complicated umbilical hernia in cirrhotic patients. " 02/01/2014 - "During the period between 24.08.2011 and 01.01.2013, twenty-three umbilical hernia repair operations with the use of a polypropylene mesh by means of a small incision in the natural position of the umbilicus were performed. " 01/01/2014 - "Six years before the patient underwent a laparoscopic intervention to repair his umbilical hernia, with the positioning of a polypropylene coated mesh. " 09/01/2012 - "After exposure and dissection of the sac of umbilical hernia, tension-free hernioplasty was performed with polypropylene mesh. " 02/01/2010 - "The patient is a 38-year-old female with a painful recurrent umbilical hernia, previously repaired 8 years prior with a polypropylene-based mesh. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Analgesia 11/01/2011 - "We undertook an observer-blinded, randomized, prospective, observational study to compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided RSB and LAI in providing postoperative analgesia for umbilical hernia repair. " 08/01/2013 - "To compare efficacy of ultrasonography-guided BRSB and local anesthetic infiltration (LAI) in providing postoperative analgesia after pediatric umbilical hernia repair. " 01/01/2004 - "The objective of this study is to assess both intra and post operative analgesia in infants undergoing umbilical hernia repair under general anaesthesia with neither opioid nor muscle relaxant, associated with a para umbilical block. " 01/01/1997 - "This preliminary study describes a new technique to provide analgesia in children undergoing umbilical hernia repair. " 09/01/2014 - "USGRSB provides more effective analgesia than WI for umbilical hernia repair. "
2.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 01/10/2003 - "Ventral wall defects: there is no conclusive evidence that cesarean section is beneficial for fetuses with omphalocele. " 01/01/2012 - "Planned cesarean section performed at 40 weeks of pregnancy gave birth to an infant with a giant omphalocele 8-9 cm in size with an abdominal wall defect approximately 5 cm in size. " 10/01/2010 - "In the group of women who received a combined cesarean section and inguinal or umbilical hernia repair, median age was 23.8 years and hospital stay ranged from 3 to 5 days (versus 3-4 days for cesarean sections alone). " 08/01/2004 - "The combined procedure took significantly longer than cesarean section alone in the case of inguinal but not umbilical hernia. " 08/01/2004 - "The combination of cesarean section with inguinal or umbilical hernia repair is safe, effective, and well-accepted compared with cesarean section alone. "
3.	Nursing Care 09/01/2006 - "Overall, advances in surgical therapies and nursing care have improved outcomes for infants with omphaloceles; survival rates for those with isolated omphaloceles are reported at 75 to 95 percent. " 01/01/1973 - "Nursing care study: exomphalos."
4.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 04/01/2003 - "Despite technical refinements in surgery and advances in postoperative intensive care, abdominal wall closure in giant omphalocele remains a difficult endeavor. " 07/01/2008 - "We present the case of a morbidly super-super-obese patient (body mass index, 80 kg/m(2)) who underwent emergency surgery for an incarcerated umbilical hernia; the patient died despite segmental intestinal resection, hernia repair using mesh, and intensive care." 05/01/1993 - "In most cases, of omphalocele and gastroschisis, treated either conservatively or by any kind of surgery, intensive care is mandatory to support nutrition and often ventilation as well. " 07/28/2015 - "Although the outcome of newborns with surgical congenital diseases (e.g., diaphragmatic hernia; esophageal atresia; omphalocele; gastroschisis) has improved rapidly with recent advances in perinatal intensive care and surgery, infant survivors often require intensive treatment after birth, have prolonged hospitalizations, and, after discharge, may have long-term sequelae including gastro-intestinal comorbidities, above all, gastroesophageal reflux (GER). " 12/01/1996 - "A patient with morbid obesity and insulin-dependent diabetes was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit, four days status postsurgical repair of an umbilical hernia. "
5.	Total Parenteral Nutrition 01/01/1979 - "More liberal use of respirator and total parenteral nutrition, mainly by peripheral veins, has obviously contributed to the improvement in our results from 1 60% mortality rate in the first nine-year period to a 37% mortality rate in the last nine-year period in the omphalocele group. " 01/01/2002 - "Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has made survival beyond infancy possible for many infants who have sustained small intestinal loss as a result of gastroschisis or omphalocele. " 08/01/1989 - "Twenty newborns with major congenital anomalies (gastroschisis, 10; esophageal atresia, 4; ileal atresia, 3; omphalocele, 2; and malrotation, 1) were studied weekly for 4 weeks following surgery while being maintained on a standard protocol of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). "