Chronic Hepatitis (Chronic Active Hepatitis)

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

Also Known As:

Networked: 6269 relevant articles (275 outcomes, 551 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
3.	Hepatitis
4.	Hepatitis B
5.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease)

Experts

1.	Kamar, Nassim: 21 articles (10/2015 - 05/2004)
2.	Izopet, Jacques: 20 articles (10/2015 - 05/2004)
3.	Kumada, Hiromitsu: 19 articles (03/2014 - 01/2002)
4.	Ikeda, Kenji: 17 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)
5.	Suzuki, Fumitaka: 17 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)
6.	Rostaing, Lionel: 16 articles (10/2015 - 05/2004)
7.	Kobayashi, Masahiro: 16 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)
8.	Akuta, Norio: 16 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)
9.	Suzuki, Yoshiyuki: 16 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)
10.	Arase, Yasuji: 15 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chronic Hepatitis:

1.	InterferonsIBA 12/01/1996 - "Chronic active hepatitis due to HCV represents a severe progressive disorder of the liver, At present, Interferon seems to be the most efficacious treatment available, however, only 20-25% of the patients treated achieve complete remission. " 10/01/2002 - "Alpha interferons (IFN a) have been shown to be effective in patients with chronic active hepatitis C. " 03/01/1999 - "Interferon (IFN) therapy is only one method that is clinically effective in controlling disease activity in patients with chronic hepatitis. " 04/01/1998 - "Although only effective in a proportion of treated patients, interferon for chronic hepatitis appears to be an efficient use of societal resources so that economic reasons should not limit its use." 06/01/1993 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with "active" chronic hepatitis. "
2.	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens (HBsAg)FDA Link 11/01/2013 - "When applying the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology, evidence from RCTs was considered of very low quality regarding the question of whether hepatitis B can be prevented for 15 years after successful primary vaccination (anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/l) with a vaccine efficacy of 96 % against chronic hepatitis, 89 % against HBsAg positivity, and 73 % against isolated anti-HBc positivity. " 06/01/1981 - "These results would suggest the possibility of a spontaneous complete remission of HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis in children but also raise doubts about the usefulness of immunosuppressive therapy in such patients." 01/01/1987 - "Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy of severe hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis." 02/01/1985 - "The efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment was evaluated in a group of 15 children (aged 2-10 years) affected by clinically asymptomatic, biochemically mild, HBSAg-positive, delta-antibody-negative, histologically moderate, chronic active hepatitis (CAH). " 04/01/1978 - "A study of lymphocyte cytotoxicity for rabbit hepatocyte cultures in 15 patients with untreated chronic active hepatitis showed positive results in all cases, both HBsAg positive and negative. "
3.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)FDA Link 03/01/1994 - "Alpha-interferon has emerged as the most effective agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis when active replication of virus B or D is present. " 01/01/1990 - "Alpha-interferon has emerged as the most effective agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis when active replication of virus B, C, or D is present. " 09/01/1996 - "Alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) is at date the only drug of proven efficacy in HCV chronic hepatitis, even if HCV eradication is a rare event. " 09/01/1994 - "There is also good evidence of efficacy of interferon alpha in chronic hepatitis. " 01/01/1992 - "The therapeutic efficacy of alpha-interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis is discussed in light of various international studies. "
4.	Ribavirin (Virazole)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2002 - "The development of pegylated IFNs, characterized by a long half life and weekly administrability, seems to induce a significant improvement in the treatment of chronic hepatitis particularly in combination with Ribavirin. " 12/01/2015 - "Ribavirin monotherapy appears to be an effective and safe treatment in all immunocompromised patients with chronic hepatitis E. " 08/01/1993 - "Ribavirin is a nucleoside analog with a broad spectrum of antiviral action, and we investigated the efficacy of it in patients with chronic active hepatitis C. " 09/01/2002 - "In this study ribavirin was more effective than placebo in reducing ALT levels during the treatment period of the applied therapy in patients with chronic active hepatitis C." 06/01/1998 - "IFN therapy is the only method of treating HCV-correlated active chronic hepatitis given that Ribavirin is still undergoing clinical trials. "
5.	AntigensIBA 01/01/1993 - "IFN therapy for chronic active hepatitis type C proved most effective when LeY antigen was more markedly expressed on the patient's CD4 and CD8 peripheral blood T-lymphocytes before treatment. " 01/01/1994 - "Conversely, this antibody response was never detected in follow-up studies of chronic active hepatitis B patients who responded well to antiviral therapy and lost HBs, preS2 and preS1 antigens. " 04/01/1991 - "The aim of the present study was to reexamine the relationship between these antigens and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in a well-characterized series of patients. " 05/01/1984 - "A long-term study of hepatitis B virus-related antigens and immunological parameters in children with chronic hepatitis." 07/01/1983 - "Membrane antigens in chronic active hepatitis: physicochemical and immunological studies of soluble liver homogenate fractions."
6.	Hepatitis B e AntigensIBA 01/01/2003 - "The efficacy of treatment (HBeAg seroconversion rate) was 75% in 12 chronic hepatitis patients, which was excellent. " 08/01/2011 - "We studied 390 Taiwanese HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis who had spontaneously cleared HBeAg (seroconversion) during follow-up. " 01/01/2010 - "The aims of the current study were to determine the HBV genotype distribution in Syria, the prevalence of HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis and to analyse the clinical characteristics of each group. " 07/01/2002 - "In two studies comparing the incidence of HCC in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis treated with IFN, HCC developed less frequently in sustained responders than in non-responders in Greece (2 vs. 10%, P = 0.045), but not in Milan (7 vs. 10%, P = ns)." 10/01/2015 - "HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis patients should be monitored more strictly: a cross-sectional retrospective study on antiviral treatment-naïve patients."
7.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 10/14/1994 - "Immunosuppressive treatment with initially 60mg/d prednisolone improved the skin condition but activated the chronic hepatitis, GPT rising up to 240 U/l. " 11/18/1982 - "The loss of suppressor-cell activity in chronic active hepatitis may allow liver damage to continue, and the reversal of the defect in the autoimmune form of the disease by administration of low-dose prednisolone provides a plausible explanation for the efficacy of this treatment. " 01/01/1978 - "Two weeks of prednisolone therapy caused some improvement in the breath test in nine of 10 patients with chronic active hepatitis. " 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of prednisolone treatment on survival, clinicopathological variables, and histological grade and stage of idiopathic chronic hepatitis in 36 dogs. " 01/01/2013 - "A retrospective study of oral prednisolone treatment in canine chronic hepatitis."
8.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 09/20/1980 - "Treatment with glucocorticosteroids alone or in combination with azathioprine can be considered the most successful therapy in "chronic active hepatitis" of the "autoimmune" type. " 07/01/1988 - "Maintenance of remission in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis with azathioprine after corticosteroid withdrawal." 09/01/1983 - "A prospective study was performed to evaluate the outcome of treatment withdrawal in 30 patients with "autoimmune" chronic active hepatitis in remission for periods of 1.5 to 9 years on maintenance corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy. " 03/23/1985 - "Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis." 05/25/1985 - "Relapse after azathioprine withdrawal in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis."
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 03/01/2007 - "One hundred eighty HBV DNA positive chronic hepatitis patients with HBV markers were enrolled in this study. " 07/01/1990 - "A study of hepatitis B virus DNA in situ hybridization for chronic active hepatitis." 03/01/1990 - "[In situ hybridization study of HBV DNA in chronic active hepatitis]." 08/01/1989 - "The clinical relevance of pre-S testing in PBMC was illustrated by the study of 12 cases of chronic active hepatitis positive for anti-HBe but with no or low level of serum DNA polymerase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 10/01/2015 - "Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a noncytopathic, hepatotropic, double-stranded DNA virus that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. "
10.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)IBA 04/01/2000 - "The strongest hitherto predictor of sustained response to any therapeutic regimen in chronic hepatitis is the clearance of HCV RNA during treatment. " 09/01/2006 - "In this study, safety and efficacy of PEG-IFN were assessed in chronic hepatitis delta, and serum HDV-RNA kinetics were determined using quantitative RT-PCR. " 06/01/2011 - "The patients were classified into two groups: G1 consisted of 76 active chronic hepatitis patients (positive for HCV RNA) and G2 consisted of 24 hemodialysed patients who spontaneously eliminated the virus (negative for HCV RNA). " 09/01/2003 - "These results suggest that serum HCV RNA is spontaneously eliminated in chronic HCV carriers in a population, and that the development of NOB antibody is associated with a natural resolution of chronic hepatitis in the minority of them." 09/01/2014 - "Seventy-four cases with chronic hepatitis positive for serum HCV RNA and 15 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/1989 - "Mean HAI scores improved from 10.0 to 5.4 after treatment in non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. " 12/01/1998 - "Liver biopsies, performed before and after treatment, were coded unpaired by patient, combined with 21 liver biopsies from eight other patients with chronic hepatitis, and read independently by two pathologists using the Knodell scoring system. " 01/01/1982 - "In these cases liver biopsies taken after treatment showed histological regression to chronic persistent hepatitis. " 08/01/2002 - "To detect the feasibility and theoretic basis for treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in chronic hepatitis and to compare the changes in hepatic function, immunity, pathologic morphology, ultrastructure and HBV in hepatic tissues before and after treatment. " 07/01/2007 - "The aim of our study was to show an improvement in Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score after treatment with Molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) in acute-on-chronic hepatitis (AoCHF) patients. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2009 - "Studies are under way to assess the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of other thrombocytopenic disorders associated with chemotherapy, myelodysplasia, and chronic hepatitis." 01/01/2010 - "A case of metabolic syndrome is reported in which its elimination before the onset of antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis A and drug therapy of subsequent depression promoted successful outcome with a stable virological response. " 01/01/2010 - "[Rational pharmacotherapy and correction of immunity disorders in children with chronic hepatitis (clinical review)]." 12/01/2008 - "HBV Chronic hepatitis during chemotherapy - an immune controlled disease." 08/01/2003 - "The present review focuses on (a) diagnosis criteria and main biological and clinical patterns of acute and chronic hepatitis, and (b) extrahepatic manifestations, and adverse effects resulting from specific drug therapy likely to influence anaesthetic care. "
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/2010 - "This study assessed the effect of a 3-month course of pegylated interferon-alpha-2a (Peg-IFN-alpha-2a) in 3 liver transplant patients with chronic active hepatitis E. " 11/01/2015 - "Definition of Chronic Hepatitis E After Liver Transplant Conforms to Convention." 06/01/2015 - "This is a case report of a 55-year-old man with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis E (genotype 3f) 26 months after an orthotopic liver transplant. " 05/01/2015 - "HEV causes acute and chronic hepatitis in solid organ transplant recipients. " 04/01/2015 - "Chronic hepatitis E resolved by reduced immunosuppression in pediatric kidney transplant patients."
4.	Liver Transplantation 03/01/1996 - "To study the outcomes of patients who underwent liver transplantation for the primary diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis secondary to hepatitis C virus (HCV). " 02/01/2012 - "Cases of chronic hepatitis E have been described in patients after kidney and liver transplantation. " 01/01/2011 - "Anti-viral therapy can be administrated systematically early after liver transplantation, or in patients with established recurrent chronic hepatitis. " 02/01/2010 - "Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which infects 2-3% of the world population, is a causative agent of chronic hepatitis and the leading indication for liver transplantation. " 04/01/2008 - "The entity of unexplained chronic hepatitis after liver transplantation has been recognized. "
5.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 03/01/2005 - "Most cases did not appear to progress or improved over time, with no allograft loss occurring as a result of chronic hepatitis." 07/01/2008 - "We have present herein a case of a liver allograft recipient who developed chronic hepatitis associated with autoimmune features outlining the clinical course, liver histology, and response to treatment." 07/01/2007 - "Unexplained chronic hepatitis (CH) in the adult liver allograft recipient is not uncommon, but its natural history and clinical significance is unknown. " 11/01/2006 - "3. There are several other possible causes of acute and chronic hepatitis in liver allografts that may need to be considered. " 05/01/2006 - "The cause of chronic hepatitis in transplanted allografts is uncertain but may be immune mediated, representing a hepatitic form of chronic rejection."