Alcoholic Hepatitis

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of Mallory hyaline bodies. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 853 relevant articles (58 outcomes, 124 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hepatorenal Syndrome
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
3.	Hepatic Encephalopathy
4.	Fatty Liver
5.	Alcoholic Liver Diseases (Alcoholic Liver Disease)

Experts

1.	Mathurin, Philippe: 16 articles (09/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Singal, Ashwani K: 10 articles (11/2015 - 08/2011)
3.	Gao, Bin: 9 articles (10/2015 - 10/2006)
4.	Naveau, Sylvie: 9 articles (08/2015 - 04/2002)
5.	Louvet, Alexandre: 9 articles (08/2015 - 06/2007)
6.	McClain, Craig J: 9 articles (08/2011 - 07/2002)
7.	Moreno, Christophe: 8 articles (08/2015 - 02/2009)
8.	Lucey, Michael R: 8 articles (05/2014 - 06/2002)
9.	French, Samuel W: 7 articles (10/2015 - 04/2004)
10.	Dharancy, Sébastien: 7 articles (08/2015 - 05/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Alcoholic Hepatitis:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/21/2015 - "Recent data have shown that LT is also effective for severe alcoholic hepatitis when the patient is unresponsive to corticosteroids therapy, with low relapse rates in highly selected patients, although these results must be confirmed before LT becomes a standard procedure in this setting. " 04/01/2002 - "Even if corticosteroids are beneficial for alcoholic hepatitis, they are not recommended for all patients at risk. " 10/01/1999 - "Corticosteroids are effective in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis." 01/01/1993 - "It is thus easy to show that corticosteroids are effective in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, i.e. " 08/01/2007 - "This trial was devised to determine whether antioxidant therapy, alone or as an adjunct to corticosteroids, improved survival in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. "
2.	Pentoxifylline (Trental)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "[Is pentoxifylline effective in alcoholic hepatitis?]." 10/01/2014 - "Pentoxifylline vs. corticosteroid to treat severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial." 05/01/2013 - "Pentoxifylline in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a prospective, randomised trial." 01/01/2013 - "Group D: pentoxifylline / prednisoloneThe trial aims to randomise 1,200 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, in order to provide sufficient power to determine whether either of the two interventions is effective. " 06/01/2012 - "Corticosteroid plus pentoxifylline is not better than corticosteroid alone for improving survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis (COPE trial)."
3.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1980 - "Twenty-eight patients entered a double-blind controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone treatment in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis accompanied by encephalopathy. " 12/01/2007 - "This study aimed to elucidate the contribution of GILZ to the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis (AH): we (1) assessed GILZ expression in the livers of patients with AH and (2) treated patients with severe AH with GCs (prednisolone 40 mg/day) and studied the effect of GILZ modulation on circulating monocyte function. " 02/20/1992 - "A randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis." 03/01/1980 - "Double-blind controlled trial of prednisolone therapy in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis and spontaneous encephalopathy." 08/01/1978 - "Fifty-five patients with alcoholic hepatitis were studied in a 28- to 32-day randomized double blind treatment trial comparing prednisolone (40 mg per day) with placebo therapy. "
4.	Oxandrolone (Anavar)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1991 - "We conclude that the addition of nutritional supplementation and oxandrolone to standard therapy of moderately severe or severe alcoholic hepatitis is well tolerated, and leads to more rapid improvement in the laboratory parameters measured." 11/01/1993 - "A cohort of 273 male patients enrolled in a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study performed to evaluate the efficacy of oxandrolone in combination with nutritional supplementation in moderate or severe alcoholic hepatitis. " 04/01/1993 - "A Veterans Affairs cooperative study involving 273 male patients was performed to evaluate efficacy of oxandrolone in combination with an enteral food supplement in severe alcoholic hepatitis. " 07/01/1995 - "Active nutrition therapy and the anabolic steroid oxandrolone (OX), in selected patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, significantly improved liver status and survival. " 04/01/1993 - "A study of oral nutritional support with oxandrolone in malnourished patients with alcoholic hepatitis: results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study."
5.	Acetylcysteine (Siran)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2013 - "Data regarding the use of i.v. acetylcysteine for the treatment of NAI-ALF and severe alcoholic hepatitis and in the prevention of CIN are inconclusive, though some evidence supports its use in certain populations." 12/01/2010 - "In this study, high doses of intravenous N-acetylcysteine therapy for 14 days conferred neither survival benefits nor early biological improvement in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis patients with adequate nutritional support. " 12/01/2010 - "Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in combination with adequate nutritional support in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. " 12/01/2010 - "Enteral nutrition with or without N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized multicenter controlled trial." 09/01/2013 - "A trial of 174 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis revealed that patients had 28-day survival benefit when treated with acetylcysteine; improvement in patients with hepatorenal syndrome was also noted. "
6.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 05/01/2008 - "This study investigated whether genetic polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) gene's promoter region play a role in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH). " 01/01/2005 - "Recent studies have indicated anti-TNFalpha therapy, at least for alcoholic hepatitis. " 08/01/2004 - "An EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-437 suppresses excess TNF-alpha secretion from macrophages and seems promising for future trial in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis." 04/01/2003 - "In severely ill patients with alcoholic hepatitis, drugs with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha activity are currently investigated in clinical trials. " 04/01/2003 - "Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis: are large randomized trials still possible?"
7.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 10/01/2002 - "Our study suggests that PAF is an important mediator of hepatic injury in the ethanol/endotoxin model of alcoholic hepatitis." 03/15/2002 - "Therefore, in this study, a long-term intragastric ethanol feeding model was used to test the hypothesis that LBP is involved in alcoholic hepatitis by comparing LBP knockout and wild-type mice. " 10/01/2015 - "Liver tissue samples were collected from ethanol-fed mice or from 31 patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with biopsy-proved ASH and analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically and by transcriptome, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR analyses. " 09/01/2015 - "Chronic ethanol ingestion also induces kidney dysfunction, which is associated with mortality from alcoholic hepatitis. " 06/12/2012 - "Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis (AAH) is a syndrome of progressive inflammatory liver injury associated with long-term heavy intake of ethanol. "
8.	PropylthiouracilFDA Link 05/01/1982 - "Sixty-seven patients entered a double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of propylthiouracil treatment in severe alcoholic hepatitis. " 01/01/1984 - "Studies in which the effectiveness of propylthiouracil is tested in human alcoholic hepatitis are discussed." 05/01/1982 - "Double-blind, controlled trial of propylthiouracil in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis." 01/01/1989 - "The most notable development has been the introduction of propylthiouracil for the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. " 10/01/1982 - "Propylthiouracil treatment for alcoholic hepatitis: the case of the missing thirty."
9.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 06/01/1981 - "Insulin and glucagon infusion is a promising treatment of alcoholic hepatitis and merits further study in the most severely ill patients." 10/01/1987 - "Insulin and glucagon infusion appears to be a promising treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis." 01/01/1992 - "Treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis by infusion of insulin and glucagon: a multicenter sequential trial." 12/01/1991 - "This study does not confirm previous reports that insulin and glucagon infusion improves the outcome of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis." 06/01/1981 - "A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of insulin and glucagon infusion was conducted in 50 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. "
10.	Glucagon (Glukagon)FDA Link 06/01/1981 - "Insulin and glucagon infusion is a promising treatment of alcoholic hepatitis and merits further study in the most severely ill patients." 10/01/1987 - "Insulin and glucagon infusion appears to be a promising treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis." 01/01/1992 - "Treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis by infusion of insulin and glucagon: a multicenter sequential trial." 12/01/1991 - "This study does not confirm previous reports that insulin and glucagon infusion improves the outcome of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis." 06/01/1981 - "A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of insulin and glucagon infusion was conducted in 50 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation 04/01/2014 - "A recent study proposed that liver transplantation may represent life-saving treatment in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy. " 04/01/2014 - "This review also focuses on recent treatment trials in alcoholic hepatitis including liver transplantation and its associated controversies, as well as possible future targets and pharmacologic treatment options for patients with alcoholic hepatitis that are being pursued through upcoming consortium studies." 01/01/2014 - "In the background of encouraging emerging data (retrospective data from the UNOS database and data from a case matched prospective French study) on the beneficial effects of liver transplantation amongst patients with alcoholic hepatitis who are non-responders to current medical treatments, this article would also deal controversies surrounding the role and use of liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. " 11/01/2001 - "severe alcoholic hepatitis) associated with a high mortality rate, whereas the second is the first controlled trial in the field of preoperative nutrition in liver transplantation. " 05/01/1997 - "This study suggests that severe acute alcoholic hepatitis may not be an appropriate contraindication for liver transplantation."
2.	Nutritional Support (Artificial Feeding) 12/27/2012 - "The cornerstone of supportive care remains aggressive nutritional support, and although acute alcoholic hepatitis has been extensively studied, few specific medical therapies have been successful. " 12/01/2010 - "Previous findings had also suggested that enteral nutritional support might increase survival in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. " 03/01/1996 - "Individuals with severe alcoholic hepatitis require intensive nutritional support and vigorous management of the complications of their liver injury; their outcome is generally poor. " 11/01/1987 - "The etiology of malnutrition and the metabolic effect of aggressive nutritional support by enteral feeding were evaluated in patients with moderately severe alcoholic hepatitis. " 01/01/1994 - "Special emphasis will be paid to the role of artificial nutritional support in the treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis, the current status of artificial nutrition in advanced cirrhosis, and some nutritional implications in the management of hepatic encephalopathy."
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 06/01/2013 - "We will also review the use of liver transplant in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, and the impact of alcohol use on posttransplant outcomes. " 02/01/2013 - "In patients with a first episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis non-responsive to medical therapy, early liver transplant increases 6-month survival." 01/01/2013 - "In case of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) non-responders to medical therapy, the reason for denying LT is that it requires abstinence from alcohol for six months before consideration for a transplant. " 11/10/2011 - "In all, 26 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis at high risk of death (median Lille score, 0.88) were selected and placed on the list for a liver transplant within a median of 13 days after nonresponse to medical therapy. " 09/01/2010 - "Liver biopsies from alcoholic hepatitis (AH) patients and male patients, who received a female liver transplant and developed AH, were analyzed for BM stem cell content by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunostaining. "
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 06/01/2015 - "Results indicate early transplantation for carefully selected patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis may not be as controversial to the public as previously thought. " 06/01/2015 - "Patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis may not survive to fulfill the standard 6 months of abstinence and counseling prior to transplantation. " 06/01/2013 - "Patients with alcoholic hepatitis that underwent transplantation had an increased survival when compared with controls. " 11/10/2011 - "Transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis--time to rethink the 6-month "rule"." 11/10/2011 - "The patients had no prior episodes of alcoholic hepatitis and had scores of 0.45 or higher according to the Lille model (which calculates scores ranging from 0 to 1, with a score ≥ 0.45 indicating nonresponse to medical therapy and an increased risk of death in the absence of transplantation) or rapid worsening of liver function despite medical therapy. "
5.	Nutrition Therapy (Medical Nutrition Therapy) 07/01/1995 - "Active nutrition therapy and the anabolic steroid oxandrolone (OX), in selected patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, significantly improved liver status and survival. "