Alcoholic Hepatitis

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1489 relevant articles (104 outcomes, 205 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
2.	Alcoholic Liver Diseases (Alcoholic Liver Disease)
3.	Hepatic Encephalopathy
4.	Brain Diseases (Brain Disorder)
5.	Hepatorenal Syndrome

Experts

1.	Mathurin, Philippe: 37 articles (01/2022 - 03/2002)
2.	Bataller, Ramon: 31 articles (10/2022 - 12/2006)
3.	Louvet, Alexandre: 26 articles (01/2022 - 06/2007)
4.	Singal, Ashwani K: 23 articles (07/2021 - 08/2011)
5.	Shah, Vijay H: 23 articles (01/2021 - 06/2008)
6.	Lucey, Michael R: 21 articles (01/2022 - 06/2002)
7.	Moreno, Christophe: 19 articles (11/2020 - 02/2009)
8.	Gao, Bin: 15 articles (01/2022 - 10/2006)
9.	Sancho-Bru, Pau: 15 articles (01/2022 - 12/2006)
10.	Schnabl, Bernd: 15 articles (01/2022 - 03/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Alcoholic Hepatitis:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Corticosteroid, recommended first-line treatment for patients with alcoholic hepatitis, is a very suboptimal treatment. " 01/01/2018 - "Severe alcoholic hepatitis has very high short term mortality and corticosteroids have been the mainstay of treatment for decades. " 04/01/2002 - "Even if corticosteroids are beneficial for alcoholic hepatitis, they are not recommended for all patients at risk. " 10/01/1999 - "Corticosteroids are effective in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis." 01/01/1993 - "It is thus easy to show that corticosteroids are effective in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, i.e. "
2.	Pentoxifylline (Trental)FDA LinkGeneric 06/14/2016 - "Is pentoxifylline effective in alcoholic hepatitis? " 11/01/2016 - "The evidence from this study is insufficient to support any recommendations regarding the mortality benefit of pentoxifylline in severe alcoholic hepatitis." 08/19/2013 - "Group D: pentoxifylline / prednisoloneThe trial aims to randomise 1,200 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, in order to provide sufficient power to determine whether either of the two interventions is effective. " 05/01/2013 - "Pentoxifylline in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a prospective, randomised trial." 05/01/2012 - "Pentoxifylline in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a prospective, randomised trial."
3.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2023 - "In severe alcoholic hepatitis, prednisolone is indicated as the first-line treatment even with the possibility of various complications. " 11/13/2019 - "Background Prednisolone is considered the cornerstone treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH). " 12/01/2007 - "This study aimed to elucidate the contribution of GILZ to the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis (AH): we (1) assessed GILZ expression in the livers of patients with AH and (2) treated patients with severe AH with GCs (prednisolone 40 mg/day) and studied the effect of GILZ modulation on circulating monocyte function. " 02/20/1992 - "A randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis." 10/01/2022 - "This case report describes a patient presenting with bilioptysis while being medically managed with prednisolone for severe alcoholic hepatitis. "
4.	SteroidsIBA 03/01/2022 - "In this preliminary report, compared to SMT, low volume PLEX and low dose steroid improved survival over one year in A-ACLF patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. " 12/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and prognostic value of major alterations of portal flow in patients with steroid-treated alcoholic hepatitis. " 07/01/2023 - "Here, we report a case of alcoholic hepatitis on three occasions in a period of 2 years follow-up and each time treated with steroids and had complete clinical recovery." 12/16/2022 - "Outnumbered: Control Prothrombin Time in Maddrey's Discriminant Function Impacts Steroid Use but Not Mortality in Alcoholic Hepatitis." 06/23/2021 - "The treatment for patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) who have a discriminant function (DF) score greater than 32 has been steroids. "
5.	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)IBA 09/01/2014 - "G-CSF is safe and effective in the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and improves liver function as well as survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis." 10/01/2018 - "Is Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor a New Treatment for Alcoholic Hepatitis?" 09/15/2020 - "Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." 01/01/2021 - "In this review, we analyze the basis of the potential benefits, clinical studies, cautions and challenges in the use of G-CSF in alcoholic hepatitis." 01/01/2021 - "Initial studies have shown encouraging results with G-CSF in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. "
6.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 11/21/2006 - "Glucocorticoids currently remain the mainstay of treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis." 09/21/2022 - "Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the only first-line drugs recommended to treat severe alcoholic hepatitis (sAH), with limited short-term efficacy and significant side effects. " 09/21/2022 - "Narrative Review: Glucocorticoids in Alcoholic Hepatitis-Benefits, Side Effects, and Mechanisms." 08/01/2016 - "Recent advances in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) have reinforced the utility of glucocorticoids, a treatment that has been in use for nearly 4 decades, to enhance short-term survival. " 05/01/2014 - "Despite treatment with glucocorticoids, mortality remains high in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. "
7.	Oxandrolone (Anavar)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1993 - "A cohort of 273 male patients enrolled in a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study performed to evaluate the efficacy of oxandrolone in combination with nutritional supplementation in moderate or severe alcoholic hepatitis. " 04/01/1993 - "A Veterans Affairs cooperative study involving 273 male patients was performed to evaluate efficacy of oxandrolone in combination with an enteral food supplement in severe alcoholic hepatitis. " 09/01/1991 - "We conclude that the addition of nutritional supplementation and oxandrolone to standard therapy of moderately severe or severe alcoholic hepatitis is well tolerated, and leads to more rapid improvement in the laboratory parameters measured." 04/01/1993 - "A study of oral nutritional support with oxandrolone in malnourished patients with alcoholic hepatitis: results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study." 09/01/1991 - "A randomized, controlled trial of treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with parenteral nutrition and oxandrolone. "
8.	AntioxidantsIBA 11/01/2021 - "niruri in mild-moderate alcoholic hepatitis patients showed an improvement in the total antioxidant levels with an appetite stimulant activity compared to a placebo." 01/01/2021 - "New targets for treatment of alcoholic hepatitis include the gut-liver axis, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and drugs with hepatic regenerative potential. " 06/01/2005 - "The effectiveness of the combination of immunologically active tymohexine and antioxidant antrale was studied on 89 patients aged from 26 to 58 years with chronic viral or alcoholic hepatitis. " 11/01/2021 - "niruri on the liver and renal function parameters, total oxidant and antioxidant levels in alcoholic hepatitis patients in comparison to placebo over a 4-week period. " 07/01/2008 - "Antioxidants plus corticosteroids in the treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: the question is still open."
9.	BilirubinIBA 01/01/2022 - "Trajectory of Serum Bilirubin Predicts Spontaneous Recovery in a Real-World Cohort of Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis." 01/01/2022 - "Trajectory of Serum Bilirubin Predicts Spontaneous Recovery in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis." 01/01/2018 - "This IPD meta-analysis highlights the link between liver stiffness and the histological features of asymptomatic and non-severe alcoholic hepatitis, reflected by AST and bilirubin concentrations. " 01/01/2016 - "Correction: Spontaneous Evolution in Bilirubin Levels Predicts Liver-Related Mortality in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis." 01/01/2014 - "Spontaneous evolution in bilirubin levels predicts liver-related mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis."
10.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 03/15/2002 - "Therefore, in this study, a long-term intragastric ethanol feeding model was used to test the hypothesis that LBP is involved in alcoholic hepatitis by comparing LBP knockout and wild-type mice. " 11/01/2023 - "Expression of Fgl2 was elevated in macrophages of livers from mice with chronic-binge ethanol feeding or patients with alcoholic hepatitis. " 07/01/2023 - "Alcoholic hepatitis is a clinical syndrome of progressive inflammatory liver injury associated with long-term heavy intake of ethanol. " 04/28/2022 - "Liver samples derived from alcoholic hepatitis patients and ethanol-treated mouse liver organoids showed decreased CFTR expression and function, and impaired PMCA4 activity. " 01/01/2021 - "We colonized germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice with feces from patients with alcoholic hepatitis and subjected humanized mice to the chronic-binge ethanol feeding model. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/1994 - "In this study, we assessed the AKBR in 63 patients receiving supportive medical therapy for alcoholic hepatitis, in order to investigate its efficacy for predicting complications and the prognosis. " 01/01/2016 - "However, early LT, in selected patients, with a first episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy, has been shown to improve survival. " 11/01/2006 - "To evaluate the efficacy of granulocytapheresis therapy in alcoholic hepatitis. " 01/01/2020 - "Supported by promising preliminary and preclinical studies, many ongoing clinical trials of new therapies for alcoholic hepatitis are currently underway and are discussed further in this Series paper." 01/01/2018 - "We searched PubMed for randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic therapy for severe alcoholic hepatitis. "
2.	Liver Transplantation 01/01/2019 - "Good outcome of living donor liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical management: A single center experience of 39 patients." 01/01/2022 - "Liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis: A multicenter Italian study." 01/01/2019 - "In this multicenter American Consortium of Early Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis (ACCELERATE-AH) study, we sought to assess the concordance of the clinician diagnosis of AH at liver transplantation (LT) listing versus UNOS data entry of AH as listing diagnosis. " 01/01/2018 - "original studies in early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis are limited to 1 UNOS review, and 2 retrospective single-center studies. " 01/01/2018 - "The present review examines clinical and ethical considerations surrounding liver transplant for severe alcoholic hepatitis, key published studies and knowledge gaps, and future directions for clinical research to achieve optimal patient outcomes. "
3.	Nutritional Support (Artificial Feeding) 04/01/2016 - "Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life-threatening disease for which adequate oral nutritional support is recommended. " 12/01/2010 - "Previous findings had also suggested that enteral nutritional support might increase survival in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. " 03/01/1996 - "Individuals with severe alcoholic hepatitis require intensive nutritional support and vigorous management of the complications of their liver injury; their outcome is generally poor. " 12/27/2012 - "The cornerstone of supportive care remains aggressive nutritional support, and although acute alcoholic hepatitis has been extensively studied, few specific medical therapies have been successful. " 06/20/2022 - "Alcohol abstinence, nutritional support, psychological counseling, and infection prevention remain the cornerstones for alcoholic hepatitis treatment. "
4.	Enteral Nutrition (Feeding, Tube) 04/01/2016 - "Intensive Enteral Nutrition in Alcoholic Hepatitis: More Food for Thought." 01/25/2016 - "[Management of Intramural Esophageal Dissection with Gastric Feeding Tube in an Alcoholic-hepatitis Patient]." 11/12/2020 - "Equal efficacy of gastric and jejunal tube feeding in liver cirrhosis and/or alcoholic hepatitis: a randomised controlled study." 05/01/2012 - "To assess the impact of enteral nutrition on the survival of alcoholic cirrhotic patients with jaundice but without acute alcoholic hepatitis. " 11/01/1987 - "The etiology of malnutrition and the metabolic effect of aggressive nutritional support by enteral feeding were evaluated in patients with moderately severe alcoholic hepatitis. "
5.	Transplantation 01/01/2021 - "Early transplantation of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, using a restrictive selection process, has increasingly been used in the last decade with acceptable relapse rates. " 01/01/2020 - "Among patients with ALD, those with acute alcoholic hepatitis who do not respond to medical treatment have a 6-month mortality of 70% without transplantation. " 01/01/2019 - "Severe alcoholic hepatitis has been increasingly treated with early transplantation without a set sobriety period, with overall favorable outcomes, even with respect to recidivism." 01/01/2019 - "Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis: Are We Achieving Justice and Utility?" 01/01/2018 - "However, with scarcity of organs being a concern, all patients of severe alcoholic hepatitis cannot be chosen for transplantation in an arbitrary way. "