Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Viral Hemorrhagic Fever)

A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME.

Also Known As:

Networked: 57 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 4 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Fever (Fevers)
3.	Septic Shock (Toxic Shock Syndrome)
4.	Malaria
5.	Dengue (Dengue Fever)

Experts

1.	Feldmann, Heinz: 4 articles (04/2015 - 05/2004)
2.	Geisbert, Thomas W: 3 articles (02/2015 - 06/2006)
3.	Bavari, Sina: 3 articles (06/2013 - 09/2010)
4.	Bell, T M: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
5.	Bunton, T E: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
6.	Papa, Anna: 2 articles (01/2016 - 08/2006)
7.	Cashman, K A: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
8.	Wilkinson, E R: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
9.	Shaia, C I: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
10.	Geisbert, Joan B: 2 articles (02/2015 - 01/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers:

1.	Ribavirin (Virazole)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1992 - "Treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin." 11/01/1989 - "Inhibition of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viral infectivity yields in vitro by ribavirin." 05/01/1989 - "Prospects for treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug." 02/01/2003 - "Ribavirin is the treatment of choice for certain hemorrhagic fever viral infections, but has no current application to Ebola and Marburg infections. " 01/01/1994 - "Ribavirin, a broad spectrum antiviral agent, is effective in the treatment of other viral hemorrhagic fevers, and the studies done with Junin virus infections to date indicate that this drug may also have a beneficial effect in Argentine hemorrhagic fever."
2.	CytokinesIBA 01/01/2016 - "As in other viral hemorrhagic fevers, it is considered that the course and outcome of the disease depend on the viral load and the balance among the immune response mediators, and that a fatal outcome is the result of a "cytokine storm." The level of 27 cytokines was measured in serum samples taken from 29 patients during the acute phase of the disease. " 08/01/2006 - "As in other viral hemorrhagic fevers cytokines may be involved and play a role in the pathogenesis and outcome of the disease. " 01/01/2011 - "Surprisingly, JUNV infection did not have an effect on any of the cytokines examined indicating that, in contrast to other viral hemorrhagic fever viruses, macrophage-derived cytokine production is unlikely to play an active role in contributing to the cytokine dysregulation observed in JUNV infected patients. " 04/02/1993 - "Unfortunately, the use of pig models to study diseases such as viral hemorrhagic fevers and endotoxic shock syndrome have been hampered by the lack of the necessary immunological tools to measure important immunoregulatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). "
3.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 04/02/1993 - "Unfortunately, the use of pig models to study diseases such as viral hemorrhagic fevers and endotoxic shock syndrome have been hampered by the lack of the necessary immunological tools to measure important immunoregulatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). " 01/01/2015 - "B activator, TBK1 - TANK-binding kinase 1, TLR - Toll-like receptor, TNF - tumor necrosis factor, TNFR - TNF receptor, TNFRSF21 - tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 21, TRADD TNFR-SF1A - associated via death domain, TRAF TNFR - associated factor, Tregs - regulatory T cellsubpopulation (CD4/8+CD25+FoxP3+), VHF - viral hemorrhagic fever."
4.	Imino SugarsIBA 06/01/2013 - "Our study thus proves the concept that imino sugars are promising drug candidates for the management of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by variety of viruses."
5.	6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamideIBA 09/01/2015 - "Alterations in favipiravir (T-705) pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in a hamster model of viral hemorrhagic fever." 09/01/2015 - "Our study is the first to show the impact of active viral infection and disease on favipiravir PK and biodistribution, highlighting the need to consider alterations in these parameters when treating individuals with viral hemorrhagic fever of arenavirus or other etiology. "
6.	VaccinesIBA 04/01/2015 - "Additionally, this work highlights the need for the further development of disease models for geographical distinct LASV strains, particularly those from Nigeria, in order to comprehensively evaluate potential vaccines and therapies against this prominent agent of viral hemorrhagic fever." 06/01/2013 - "Vaccines for viral hemorrhagic fevers--progress and shortcomings." 06/01/2011 - "Vaccines against viral hemorrhagic fevers: non-human primate models." 11/15/2007 - "In humans and nonhuman primates, Ebola virus causes a virulent viral hemorrhagic fever for which no licensed vaccines or therapeutic drugs exist. " 09/01/2010 - "Currently, no vaccines or therapeutics are licensed to counter Ebola or Marburg viruses, highly pathogenic filoviruses that are causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever. "
7.	AntibodiesIBA 03/01/1988 - "Viral hemorrhagic fever antibodies in Nigerian populations." 07/17/2014 - "Simultaneous detection of IgG antibodies associated with viral hemorrhagic fever by a multiplexed Luminex-based immunoassay." 11/01/2011 - "These antibodies aim to protect against primary potential bioweapons, or category A agents as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, botulinum neurotoxins, smallpox virus, and certain others causing viral hemorrhagic fevers) and certain category B agents. " 04/01/2009 - "To develop and evaluate a multiplex detection of IgM antibodies to pathogens caused viral hemorrhagic fever. " 04/01/2009 - "[Fluorescent microbeads-based multiplex detection of IgM antibodies to pathogens caused viral hemorrhagic fever]."
8.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)IBA 11/01/2013 - "Most of the highly pathogenic and emerging viruses are RNA genome-based viruses, which can give rise to zoonotic and epidemic diseases or cause viral hemorrhagic fever. " 07/01/2010 - "Qualitative polymerase chain reaction test for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viral RNA was sent but the patient expired shortly after the results became available on the sixth day of admission. " 06/01/2006 - "A taxonomically diverse set of single-stranded ribonucleic acid(ssRNA) viruses from four diverse viral families Arenaviridae,Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae cause an acute systemic febrile syndrome called viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). " 08/01/1996 - "Genomic RNA of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic virus (C-CHFV) was detected by a newly developed, nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the sera of four (25.0%) of 16 suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fever. " 01/01/2015 - "The status of the various recombinant DNA and RNA-derived candidate vaccines, as well as the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) replicon vaccine system against extremely hazardous viral hemorrhagic fevers, were reviewed. "
9.	AntigensIBA 09/01/2003 - "The most promising trends of using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) in virology research of the viral hemorrhagic-fevers' agents are related with studying viral antigen structure and with developing diagnostic preparations for indicating and identifying infectious agents of the mentioned pathologies. " 09/01/2007 - "Diagnostic systems for Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV), such as enzyme immunoassays for the detection of LASV antibodies and LASV antigens, were developed using the recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) of LASV (LASV-rNP). " 11/01/1997 - "A chart review was conducted among hospitalized suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fever with onset between January 1994 and March 1995 coupled with serologic testing of available specimens for the presence of virus antigen and IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. " 02/01/2007 - "falciparum antigens, histidine rich protein-2 (HRP-2), aldolase, and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), was evaluated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from five travelers to malaria-endemic areas, whose deaths were initially suspected to have been caused by other bacterial or viral hemorrhagic fevers. "
10.	tebufenozide (Mimic)IBA 02/01/2015 - "Multiple circulating infections can mimic the early stages of viral hemorrhagic fevers and possible human exposure to filoviruses in Sierra Leone prior to the 2014 outbreak." 07/01/2014 - "To investigate what other arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viral diseases might cause serious illness in this region and mimic Lassa fever, we tested patient serum samples that were negative for malaria parasites and LASV. " 08/01/2013 - "Its symptoms may mimic those of a number of other unrelated infections such as influenza, meningitis, hepatitis, dengue, or other viral hemorrhagic fevers. " 10/01/2001 - "A variety of infectious diseases that present as undifferentiated febrile syndromes, such as malaria, dengue and influenza, as well as viral hemorrhagic fevers can mimic leptospirosis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2010 - "Currently, no vaccines or therapeutics are licensed to counter Ebola or Marburg viruses, highly pathogenic filoviruses that are causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever. " 01/01/2016 - "Machupo virus, the cause of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, is a highly lethal viral hemorrhagic fever with no Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines or therapeutics. " 01/01/2015 - "Machupo virus, the causative agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), is a highly lethal viral hemorrhagic fever of which little is known and for which no Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines or therapeutics are available. "
2.	Microspheres (Microsphere) 04/01/2009 - "[Fluorescent microbeads-based multiplex detection of IgM antibodies to pathogens caused viral hemorrhagic fever]."
3.	Eye Protective Devices (Goggles) 07/01/1998 - "When attending patients with viral hemorrhagic fevers, "barrier nursing" using face shields (or goggles), masks, rubber gloves, etc., is recommended to avoid direct contact with blood and other body fluids of the patients."