Heat Exhaustion (Heat Prostration)

A clinical syndrome caused by heat stress, such as over-exertion in a hot environment or excessive exposure to sun. It is characterized by SWEATING, water (volume) depletion, salt depletion, cool clammy skin, NAUSEA, and HEADACHE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 47 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Heat Stroke (Heatstroke)
2.	Dehydration (Water Stress)
3.	Hypohidrosis
4.	Bites and Stings (Sting)
5.	Fabry Disease (Fabry's Disease)

Experts

1.	Donoghue, A M: 3 articles (03/2003 - 03/2000)
2.	Armstrong, Lawrence E: 2 articles (03/2010 - 01/2009)
3.	Casa, Douglas J: 2 articles (03/2010 - 01/2009)
4.	Ganio, Matthew S: 2 articles (03/2010 - 01/2009)
5.	Lopez, Rebecca M: 2 articles (03/2010 - 01/2009)
6.	McDermott, Brendon P: 2 articles (03/2010 - 01/2009)
7.	Bates, G P: 2 articles (05/2000 - 03/2000)
8.	Guntreddi, Giridhar: 1 article (02/2021)
9.	Nirujogi, Swayam P: 1 article (02/2021)
10.	Vasudevan Nair, Jayasree: 1 article (02/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Heat Exhaustion:

1.	ElectrolytesIBA 12/01/1996 - "Many metabolic manifestations of exercise intolerance are cumulative in heat exhaustion; prevention by veterinary monitoring is the best treatment, followed by cold water bathing and oral or intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement. " 06/01/1998 - "Nor have more modern studies shown that exercise-related heat exhaustion is necessarily caused by specific fluid or electrolyte abnormalities. " 08/01/1996 - "Metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities during heat exhaustion." 01/01/1995 - "This investigation focuses on the hormonal response to electrolyte changes and water loss in patients suffering from heat exhaustion, hospitalized in Muna during Hajj seasons. " 06/01/1998 - "The terms heat cramps and heat exhaustion are misleading as neither is caused by an elevated body temperature; nor is there evidence that either is caused by specific fluid or electrolyte abnormalities. "
2.	EnzymesIBA 02/01/1990 - "Although EH includes a rectal temperature above 39.5 degrees C (depending on the timing of the measurement) and elevation of serum enzymes, altered mental status is the universally accepted sign which distinguishes EH from heat exhaustion. " 03/01/1988 - "Post-heat exhaustion serum enzyme levels were either normal (ALT, AST) or acutely elevated (CPK). " 09/01/1995 - "Generalized anhidrosis with heat collapse, painful fingers, and angiokeratomas were the presenting signs in a 23-year-old man who was shown by enzyme studies and electron microscopy to have Fabry disease. "
3.	MetalsIBA 01/01/2012 - "A US study from 1984 described kicks and bites from horses, metal splinters in the eyes, heat exhaustion and problematic postures to be perceived as the greatest risks in their work. "
4.	AerosolsIBA 01/01/2023 - "This study demonstrates that wearing aerosol PPE in a simulated hospital environment results in heat exhaustion and has a negative impact upon mood, motor function, and task performance. "
5.	N 30IBA 04/01/2020 - "The present study was carried out as a cross sectional comparative study among patients with heat exhaustion (n=30) and heat stroke (n=30) in a tertiary level Armed forces hospital located in Chennai. "
6.	SaltsIBA 07/14/2007 - "Heat exhaustion is caused by salt or water depletion." 12/01/1958 - "Salt-deficiency heat exhaustion." 03/01/1988 - "His symptoms indicated classical salt depletion heat exhaustion, but the calculated salt deficit (less than 0.1 g NaCl.kg-1 body weight) was mild. " 04/01/1965 - "This applies particularly to the use of animal pancreas for the steatorrhea and salt for prevention of heat prostration. " 05/01/1962 - "Temperature regulation and acclimatization; thoughts on heat illness; the clinical features of salt-depletion heat exhaustion."
7.	SodiumIBA 06/01/2002 - "Heat exhaustion occurs both as water- and sodium-depleted types, with associated symptoms such as malaise, vomiting, and confusion. " 06/01/1997 - "Cramps typically respond to sodium replacement, and heat exhaustion and syncope require rest and possibly cooling and rehydration." 02/01/1979 - "The patients with heat stroke were somewhat more dehydrated than those with heat exhaustion as measured by differences in serum creatinine, sodium and osmolality, and the former (group 1) had a significantly lower initial glucose level (P less than 0.05). "
8.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1979 - "The patients with heat stroke were somewhat more dehydrated than those with heat exhaustion as measured by differences in serum creatinine, sodium and osmolality, and the former (group 1) had a significantly lower initial glucose level (P less than 0.05). " 03/15/1996 - "Adsorption to and elution from a DEAE-Sephacel column of a crude protein extract prepared from yeast cells collected in stationary phase from a glucose medium showed three activity peaks, which we denominated isoform I, II, and III. Isoform I is constitutive, it was the only form present during exponential growth on glucose medium, and did not suffer any alteration after glucose exhaustion, heat shock or by growing cells on maltose. " 03/01/2000 - "Heat exhaustion in underground miners is associated with dehydration, neutrophil leukocytosis, eosinopenia, metabolic acidosis, increased glucose and ferritin, and a mild rise in creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase. "
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 03/01/2004 - "Compared with placebo and control groups, the protein-supplemented group had an average of 33% fewer total medical visits, 28% fewer visits due to bacterial/viral infections, 37% fewer visits due to muscle/joint problems, and 83% fewer visits due to heat exhaustion. " 03/15/1996 - "Adsorption to and elution from a DEAE-Sephacel column of a crude protein extract prepared from yeast cells collected in stationary phase from a glucose medium showed three activity peaks, which we denominated isoform I, II, and III. Isoform I is constitutive, it was the only form present during exponential growth on glucose medium, and did not suffer any alteration after glucose exhaustion, heat shock or by growing cells on maltose. "
10.	CreatinineIBA 02/01/1979 - "The patients with heat stroke were somewhat more dehydrated than those with heat exhaustion as measured by differences in serum creatinine, sodium and osmolality, and the former (group 1) had a significantly lower initial glucose level (P less than 0.05). " 01/01/2018 - "In the patients with heat cramp and syncope or heat exhaustion (but not heat stroke), the blood test data (alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and platelet counts) for those classified as Stage III were significantly higher than those of patients classified as Stage I or II. There were no deaths among the patients classified as Stage I. This novel classification may avoid underestimating the severity of heat-related illness."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions 11/03/1979 - "Heat exhaustion in fun-run casualties may be safely and effectively treated by rapid intravenous infusion of fluids with, or without, application of cold packs to the neck, axillae, and groins. "
2.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 11/03/1979 - "These were (i) the introduction of "spotters" with experience in sports medicine to identify and advise exhausted runners before they collapse; (ii) staffing the run's medical centre with medical and nursing specialists in intensive care; (iii) improved management of heat exhaustion; and (iv) conducting education seminars after the run to make recommendations for improving subsequent events. "
3.	Protective Clothing 06/01/1996 - "We conclude that the poor thermoregulatory ability of miniswine manifested in insignificant sweating and restricted evaporative cooling, may make them an appropriate model for acute exertional heat exhaustion in humans working in hot, humid conditions and/or wearing impermeable protective clothing. " 06/01/1988 - "Other factors such as the degree of environmental heat stress and protective clothing worn would have to be taken into account, but the level of energy expenditure (or heat production) assumes central importance as it is related to physical exhaustion, heat exhaustion and also less directly to the efficiency of performance of occupational task involving load carriage. " 07/01/2013 - "Core temperature (CT) in combination with heart rate (HR) can be a good indicator of impending heat exhaustion for occupations involving exposure to heat, heavy workloads, and wearing protective clothing. "
4.	Transjugular Intrahepatic Portasystemic Shunt 07/01/2011 - "Tips for exercising safely in the heat: steer clear of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke with key information."
5.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 01/01/2009 - "Key words were cooling, cryotherapy, water immersion, cold-water immersion, ice-water immersion, icing, fanning, bath, baths, cooling modality, heat illness, heat illnesses, exertional heatstroke, exertional heat stroke, heat exhaustion, hyperthermia, hyperthermic, hyperpyrexia, exercise, exertion, running, football, military, runners, marathoner, physical activity, marathoning, soccer, and tennis. "