Ventricular Heart Septal Defects (Ventricular Septal Defect)

Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1813 relevant articles (41 outcomes, 100 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Atrial Heart Septal Defects (Atrial Septal Defect)
2.	Heart Diseases (Heart Disease)
3.	Pulmonary Atresia (Pulmonary Valve Atresia)
4.	Pulmonary Hypertension (Ayerza Syndrome)
5.	Ventricular Heart Septal Defects (Ventricular Septal Defect)

Experts

1.	Hijazi, Ziyad M: 10 articles (02/2011 - 03/2002)
2.	Talwar, Sachin: 7 articles (12/2014 - 11/2008)
3.	Mavroudis, Constantine: 7 articles (05/2014 - 01/2003)
4.	Wu, Qin: 6 articles (01/2015 - 06/2010)
5.	Airan, Balram: 6 articles (12/2014 - 11/2008)
6.	Yan, Jun: 6 articles (12/2014 - 04/2009)
7.	Saxena, Anita: 6 articles (12/2014 - 04/2003)
8.	Choudhary, Shiv Kumar: 6 articles (12/2014 - 11/2008)
9.	Cao, Qi-Ling: 6 articles (02/2011 - 03/2002)
10.	del Nido, Pedro J: 6 articles (11/2010 - 09/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Ventricular Heart Septal Defects:

1.	Coarctation of the aortaIBA 04/01/2008 - "The results of single-stage and 2-stage repair of coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect have improved, but the optimal treatment strategy remains controversial. " 01/01/1995 - "The literature for the period reviewed documents a significant reduction of morbidity and mortality for neonatal repairs of atrioventricular septal defects, coarctation of the aorta, and ventricular septal defects. " 11/01/2001 - "A population-based study of coarctation of the aorta: comparisons of infants with and without associated ventricular septal defect." 09/15/1999 - "In this study, we reviewed the records and echocardiograms of 39 consecutive patients with coarctation of the aorta and ventricular septal defect who underwent neonatal coarctation repair to examine the influence of left heart size on ventricular shunting and outcome. " 09/01/1987 - "[Coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch with ventricular septal defect--morphological study of the defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction]."
2.	OxygenIBA 01/01/1989 - "A result of this study that may be useful in the management of TGA patients with a ventricular septal defect is the finding that there is a value of the pulmonary conductance that maximizes the effective flow and hence the systemic oxygen concentrations. " 02/01/2015 - "Ventricular septal defect-operated adults had a markedly lower peak oxygen uptake: mean 38.0(±8.2 ml O2/kg/minute) versus 47.9(±6.5 ml O2/kg/minute) in controls, p<0.01. " 12/20/2014 - "Disrupted right ventricular force-frequency relationships in adults operated for ventricular septal defect as toddlers: abnormal peak force predicts peak oxygen uptake during exercise." 01/01/2011 - "The internal right ventricular band successfully controlled the pulmonary blood flow, maintaining a systemic oxygen saturation of 88% to 92%, and allowing growth from 3.5 to 10.5 kg. At 8 months of age, the internal band in the patient was removed, and the ventricular septal defects were successfully closed." 05/01/2001 - "Increased flow volume in the left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with ventricular septal defect may be a compensated mechanism for the increase in oxygen demand of hypertrophic myocardium of the left ventricle."
3.	nitinolIBA 06/01/2012 - "This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new nitinol device for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in a swine model. " 10/01/2013 - "To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a new nanoplatinum-coated nitinol device for transcatheter ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure in a swine model. " 10/01/2013 - "Transcatheter ventricular septal defect closure with a new nanoplatinum-coated nitinol device in a Swine model." 01/01/2013 - "A new coated nitinol occluder for transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects in a canine model." 04/01/2009 - "A new pan-nitinol occluder for transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects in a canine model."
4.	beta-apocarotenoid-14',13'-dioxygenase (ADO)IBA 04/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to show that transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with Amplatzer Ductal Occluder (ADO) is an effective and safe method. " 12/01/2013 - "To show that transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) with the Amplatzer ductal occluder (ADO, AGA Medical Corp, Plymouth, Minnesota) is a safe and effective treatment option. " 10/01/2015 - "Main aim of our study to show that ADO II device can be used for the small ventricular septal defects successfully and safely with low complication rates in pediatric population. " 02/01/2011 - "To describe the technique and results of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) by a modified retrograde transarterial approach using the new Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADO II). " 10/01/2015 - "Considering perimembraneous ventricular septal defects as difficult and risky for percutaneous closure because of its proximity to aortic, atrioventricular valves and conduction tissue, we suggest that ADO II device can be safely and effectively used for such defects in particular if an aneurysm formation is present which is also compatible with the literature. "
5.	Hydralazine (Apresoline)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1983 - "Thus, we conclude that control SVR is important for prediction of the hemodynamic effects of afterload reduction by hydralazine in infants and young children with large ventricular septal defects, and that this drug may be beneficial in patients with high control SVRs since a high SVR brings about a decrease in the Qp/Qs ratio." 05/01/1983 - "Thus, this study has found that the pretreatment Qs alters the effect of hydralazine on the Qp/Qs ratio in large ventricular septal defects, thus indicating that afterload reduction treatment with hydralazine may be effective in the management of large ventricular septal defects by reducing the Qp/Qs ratio in the cases that are associated with a low systemic blood flow." 02/01/1994 - "Hydralazine was administered at cardiac catheterization to eight children with a ventricular septal defect (age: 2.2-8.8 years), and the extent of afterload reduction was determined using aortic input impedance and wall stress. " 02/01/1994 - "Afterload reduction by hydralazine in children with a ventricular septal defect as determined by aortic input impedance." 08/01/1983 - "The hemodynamic effects of hydralazine were studied in 17 infants and young children with ventricular septal defects to clarify the significance of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in determining these effects. "
6.	Nitroprusside (Sodium Nitroprusside)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1981 - "Our data show that nitroprusside causes a marked decrease in systemic blood flow and an increase in the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio in infants with a large ventricular septal defect. " 01/01/1989 - "Hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside in infants and children with large ventricular septal defect." 07/01/1982 - "During routine cardiac catheterization of ten patients with ventricular septal defect, the hemodynamic parameters were measured in the resting state and during sodium nitroprusside infusion at an average rate of 8 micrograms/kg/min. Two distinct hemodynamic groups could be identified. " 07/01/1982 - "Hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside in patients with ventricular septal defect." 09/01/1981 - "Hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside in infants with a large ventricular septal defect."
7.	Complete atrioventricular septal defectIBA 10/01/2009 - "This study was conducted to evaluate a modified technique in which two patches where used to close the complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) with augmentation of the left atrioventricular valve (AVV) with the ventricular septal defect (VSD) patch. " 01/01/2014 - "The authors compared this technology with the traditional one in two case reports: a diagnostic doubt of small muscular ventricular septal defect was solved using this new technique; a diagnosis of complete atrioventricular septal defect was confirmed. " 05/01/2013 - "According to the apical four-chamber view at the first postnatal echocardiographic examination, we estimated that 20 (55.6%) of the 36 patients with associated CHDs should have been identified during the routine second-trimester prenatal scan [17 infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), two with partial AVSD, and one with non-restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect] if the results had been correctly interpreted. " 04/01/2013 - "Fetal complete common atrioventricular canal defect: spontaneous closure of the ventricular septal defect--in utero anatomic evolution and postnatal outcomes." 01/01/2010 - "The initial congenital diagnoses were coarctation/ventricular septal defect (n = 3), complete atrioventricular septal defect (n = 1), and anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (PA) (n = 1). "
8.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)FDA Link 03/01/2012 - "In this study, we investigated the relationship between plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and hemodynamics from cardiac catheterization in pediatric patients with atrial or ventricular septal defect. " 03/01/2012 - "B-type natriuretic peptide in children with atrial or ventricular septal defect: a cardiac catheterization study." 12/01/2007 - "This study evaluated the preoperative and postoperative brain natriuretic peptide levels in infants and children undergoing ventricular septal defect repair. " 06/01/2013 - "Brain natriuretic peptide measurement might be a useful additional tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with atrial or ventricular septal defect. " 06/01/2013 - "In conclusion, this systematic review shows that brain natriuretic peptide levels are mildly increased in patients with unrepaired and repaired atrial or ventricular septal defect. "
9.	Idiopathic pulmonary hypertensionIBA 07/01/2009 - "We present a case with D-transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defects and irreversible pulmonary arterial hypertension who improved after a palliative atrial switch operation. " 12/01/2014 - "The purpose of the present study was to study the midterm hemodynamic outcomes of unidirectional valved patch closure of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in patients with VSD and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). " 12/01/2015 - "We report 2 cases of tracheobronchial compression: first, an adult patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension who presents with symptomatic left main bronchus compression, and second, an adult patient with Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect and right-sided aortic arch, with progressive intermedius and right middle lobe bronchi compression in association with enlarged pulmonary arteries. " 01/01/2015 - "We present herein a 1-year-old female who developed recurrent pulmonary arterial hypertension 6 months after closure of a ventricular septal defect. " 12/01/2014 - "Unidirectional valved patch closure of ventricular septal defects with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: hemodynamic outcomes."
10.	Coenzyme A (CoA)IBA 07/03/2012 - "CoA did not independently predict for the development of CAD (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.68-1.57) or premature CAD (OR for CoA versus ventricular septal defect, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.79-2.64) after adjustment for other factors. " 07/03/2012 - "Of 756 patients with CoA who were alive in 2005, 37 had a history of CAD compared with 224 of 6481 patients with ventricular septal defect (4.9% versus 3.5%; P=0.04). " 07/03/2012 - "The prevalence of CAD in patients with CoA compared with those with ventricular septal defect was determined. " 02/01/1982 - "Systolic left ventricular outflow tract was significantly narrow in cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with COA in comparison with the isolated VSD (p less than 0.01). " 05/01/2005 - "Group II neonates (COA with arch hypoplasia +/- ventricular septal defect, n = 6) underwent aortic arch advancement and ventricular septal defect closure through median sternotomy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sternotomy 03/01/2008 - "This study was to evaluate ventricular septal defect occlusion using a lower mini-sternotomy approach. " 12/01/2015 - "Transfemoral device occlusion and minimally invasive surgical repair are performed for doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect (dcVSD) to reduce the invasiveness of the conventional surgical repair through a median sternotomy. " 05/01/2015 - "Transfemoral and perventricular device occlusions are performed for doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect (dcVSD) to reduce the invasiveness of the conventional surgical repair through a median sternotomy. " 02/01/2015 - "Perventricular device occlusion and minimally invasive surgical repair for perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) are two typical methods to reduce the invasiveness of the conventional operation through median sternotomy. " 04/01/2014 - "Percutaneous device occlusion and minimally invasive surgical repair for perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) are two typical methods to reduce the invasiveness of the conventional operation through a median sternotomy. "
2.	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Heart-Lung Bypass) 06/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of remote ischaemic pre-conditioning and post-conditioning in providing myocardial protection to children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for surgical repair of ventricular septal defect. " 01/01/2014 - "This study investigated the feasibility, timing and indications for closure of large muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in infants without use of a cardiopulmonary bypass. " 06/01/1991 - "After cardiopulmonary bypass, studies revealed that 11 of 25 patients who underwent repair of ventricular septal defects had residual ventricular septal defects, and 1 of 25 patients who underwent atrial septal repair had 1 residual atrial communication. " 01/01/2016 - "From 2012-2014, 51 patients less than 1 year old with ventricular septal defects were operated on with minimally invasive transthoracic device closure under the guidance of transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). " 12/01/2015 - "Early high mortality rate may occur due not only to learning curve, but also to cardiopulmonary bypass time and ventricular septal defect closure. "
3.	Septal Occluder Device 10/01/2007 - "We conclude that transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with the Amplatzer occluder is effective with limited complications, but the incidence of immediate and progressive disturbances of conduction related to the proximity of conduction tissues to the rims of the occluder stress the importance of larger and longer studies to assess the safety of this procedure." 03/01/2004 - "Percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) has been feasible, safe, and effective with the new Amplatzer membranous septal occluder. " 01/01/2011 - "This study was designed to determine the safety and efficiency of asymmetric and symmetric ventricular septal occluders (AVSDOs and SVSDOs, respectively) for closure perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) in children. " 12/19/2005 - "This study reports on experience with transcatheter closure of congenital ventricular septal defects (VSDs) with Amplatzer septal occluders. " 01/01/2015 - "Retrograde closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect using muscular ventricular septal occluder: a single-center experience of a novel technique."
4.	Ligation 12/01/2004 - "The defect was isolated in 11 patients (61%) and the other 7 (39%) had minor associated lesions requiring additional procedures such as ductal ligation, direct closure of a tiny ventricular septal defect, and inspection of the mitral valve. " 12/01/2002 - "Transaortic resection of accessory mitral valve tissue was performed with patch closure of the ventricular septal defect and ligation of the ductus arteriosus 35 days after birth. " 10/01/1976 - "Patent arterial duct ligation was performed in 34 cases, ventricular septal defect was closed in 28. " 01/01/1974 - "[Long-term observations following ventricular septal defect surgery with prior ligation of the pulmonary artery]." 11/01/1973 - "[Spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects following ligation of the pulmonary truncus]."
5.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 01/01/1997 - "Another five cases underwent successful ventricular septal defect closure and coronary artery bypass with good results." 01/01/2013 - "As concomitant procedures, mitral reconstruction was performed in 4 patients, ventricular septal defect repair in 2 patients, and coronary artery bypass grafting in 17 patients. " 01/01/2012 - "Ventricular Septal Defect in an Octogenarian: A Case Report of VSD Surgical Repair Concomitant with Coronary Artery Bypass and Valvular Surgery." 12/01/2005 - "Preoperatively, 9 patients were in functional class II, 19 in class III, and 2 in class IV. Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass (1), mitral valve replacement (6), tricuspid valve replacement (1), and ventricular septal defect closure (1). " 07/01/2005 - "Simultaneous repair of post-infarct ventricular septal defect and coronary artery bypass grafting."