Granulosa Cell Tumor

A neoplasm composed entirely of GRANULOSA CELLS, occurring mostly in the OVARY. In the adult form, it may contain some THECA CELLS. This tumor often produces ESTRADIOL and INHIBIN. The excess estrogen exposure can lead to other malignancies in women and PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY in girls. In rare cases, granulosa cell tumors have been identified in the TESTES.

Also Known As:

Networked: 430 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 48 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
3.	Dysgerminoma
4.	Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms (Germ Cell Tumor)
5.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)

Experts

1.	Fuller, Peter J: 12 articles (09/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Heikinheimo, Markku: 9 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
3.	Anttonen, Mikko: 9 articles (10/2015 - 12/2005)
4.	Unkila-Kallio, Leila: 8 articles (10/2015 - 12/2005)
5.	Färkkilä, Anniina: 6 articles (10/2015 - 01/2011)
6.	Bützow, Ralf: 6 articles (10/2015 - 10/2003)
7.	Pangas, Stephanie A: 6 articles (11/2014 - 10/2009)
8.	Chu, Simon: 6 articles (04/2009 - 03/2002)
9.	Boerboom, Derek: 5 articles (11/2012 - 10/2005)
10.	Matzuk, Martin M: 5 articles (10/2010 - 10/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Granulosa Cell Tumor:

1.	Inhibins (Inhibin)IBA 11/01/1994 - "In 13 subjects who were clinically disease free with a previous diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor, serum inhibin concentrations remained within the normal range for reproductive status. " 05/01/2004 - "Inhibin stain may be helpful in identifying granulosa cell tumors in cell block specimens." 01/01/1997 - "Serum inhibin level evaluation should be incorporated into large-group trials of therapy for granulosa cell tumors." 11/01/1994 - "The aim of this study was to determine if elevations in serum inhibin predated clinical recurrence in patients with a diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor. " 09/01/2013 - "Our results showed that in a human granulosa cell tumor-derived cell line (KGN) and in human granulosa-lutein cells (hGL), FSH induced the expression of NUR77 and inhibin-alpha, although inhibin-alpha expression did not increased following FSH treatment if NUR77 was knocked down. "
2.	HormonesIBA 03/01/1996 - "Serum antimüllerian hormone is a sensitive, specific, reliable marker of adult-type granulosa cell tumors and is useful to evaluate the efficacy of treatment and to detect recurrences early." 06/01/2000 - "[Study on the anti-müllerian hormone served as a marker for granulosa cell tumor of ovary]." 11/01/2015 - "Evaluation of response to hormone therapy in patients with measurable adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary." 07/01/2014 - "Hormone therapy in ovarian granulosa cell tumors: a systematic review." 02/01/2013 - "Obtained originally for assessment of ovarian reserve, an antimüllerian hormone of more than 160 ng/mL raised suspicion for a granulosa cell tumor. "
3.	Granulosa cell tumor of the ovaryIBA 01/01/2001 - "Most cases of granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary are characterized by a relatively good outcome. " 11/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of these components of the IGF system in granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary. " 03/01/2003 - "The objectives of this study were to evaluate the patients' characteristics and treatment results for 11 recurrent granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary. " 09/01/2014 - "Models to predict the probability of recurrence free survival exist for various types of malignancies, but a model for recurrence free survival in individuals with an adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary is lacking. " 05/01/2008 - "Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary is mostly diagnosed in postmenopausal women. "
4.	Aromatase (CYP19)IBA 07/01/2009 - "We describe 4 patients in whom recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumors were treated with an aromatase inhibitor, with promising results." 02/01/1994 - "In the present study, we investigated the regulatory elements directing P450arom gene transcription in samples of SCTAT from three prepubertal boys and a girl with P-JS and an ovarian granulosa cell tumor from an adult woman, as well as in healthy fetal and adult testicular and ovarian tissues. " 12/01/1993 - "In the present study, we investigated the regulatory elements directing P450arom gene transcription in samples of SCTAT from three prepubertal boys and a girl with P-JS and an ovarian granulosa cell tumor from an adult woman, as well as in healthy fetal and adult testicular and ovarian tissues. " 01/01/2010 - "Aromatase is a direct target of FOXL2: C134W in granulosa cell tumors via a single highly conserved binding site in the ovarian specific promoter." 02/01/1994 - "Results indicate a universal gonadal promoter (PII) directs P450arom gene expression in healthy fetal and adult ovaries and testes, as well as in SCTAT of the P-JS and an adult ovarian granulosa cell tumor. "
5.	inhibin BIBA 10/31/2010 - "Published research studies have assessed Inhibin B levels in Sertoli cell function, ovarian reserve and granulosa cell tumors. " 03/01/2012 - "The biological effects of these BMP15 variants were assessed in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells or COV434 granulosa cell tumor cells using BMP-responsive transcriptional reporter assays and an inhibin B ELISA. " 03/01/2011 - "The increase in inhibin B concentration preceded clinical manifestation of the disease relapse by 2-13 months, which demonstrates high diagnostic sensitivity of this marker and suggests that it can be recommended for the use in diagnostics and monitoring of granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries." 03/01/2011 - "We present the results of immunoenzyme detection of inhibin B in blood serum of patients with adult-type granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. " 03/01/2011 - "Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary and inhibin B."
6.	Keratins (Keratin)IBA 06/01/2003 - "We conclude that because cytokeratin is frequently expressed by SCSTs, in particular by granulosa cell tumors, SLCTs, and SCTATs, the inclusion of EMA in a panel may help to exclude epithelial neoplasms. " 01/01/2012 - "Special attention should be paid when low molecular-weight keratin is used as part of a panel differentiating granulosa cell tumors from carcinomas, as a significant proportion of the former are positive. " 07/01/2007 - "Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 was expressed by all epithelial-derived tumors and 6 of 8 granulosa cell tumors. " 01/01/1992 - "We think that cytokeratin immunohistochemistry is of value in differentiating between granulosa cell tumors and ovarian carcinomas." 01/01/1992 - "The other keratins we investigated showed higher expression rates in granulosa cell tumors and/or lower expression rates in ovarian carcinomas. "
7.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1993 - "Cisplatin-based cytotoxic regimens may be of benefit in the treatment of recurrent or high risk granulosa-cell tumors." 01/01/1993 - "Cisplatin-based chemotherapy in recurrent or high risk ovarian granulosa-cell tumor patients." 03/01/2008 - "The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of combinatorial treatment using cisplatin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis including ligand (TRAIL) to promote apoptosis in granulosa cell tumor (GCT) lines, in vitro. " 12/01/1982 - "Combination chemotherapy of ovarian granulosa cell tumor with cis-platinum and doxorubicin." 05/01/2008 - "The objective is to investigate the activity and toxicity of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) regimen in ovarian granulosa cell tumors (OGCTs). "
8.	inhibin AIBA 01/01/2013 - "In addition, the patient had elevated inhibin A and B levels, which may be elevated in granulosa cell tumor. " 05/01/2007 - "In 30 consecutive patients with a stage I-III granulosa cell tumor, inhibin A and B concentrations were measured in pre- and post-treatment serum samples. " 05/01/2007 - "Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: the clinical value of serum inhibin A and B levels in a large single center cohort." 03/01/1998 - "Only one of eight patients with a progressive granulosa cell tumor had a high value of serum inhibin A. " 03/01/1999 - "Previous studies have shown that serum inhibin as measured by alpha subunit-directed radioimmunoassay (RIA) and inhibin A ELISA was elevated in postmenopausal women with mucinous and granulosa cell cancers, with the RIA showing a more frequent elevation than the inhibin A ELISA. "
9.	ParaffinIBA 11/01/2000 - "SPECIMEN(S): Eight granulosa cell tumors collected from paraffin-embedded tissue, eight Leydig cell tumors, and three thecomas collected from fresh-frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue. " 07/01/1992 - "Paraffin-embedded tissue from 38 patients with early- and advanced-stage juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) of the ovary was analyzed by flow cytometry to investigate whether the DNA content is related to the histologic features, stage, or clinical outcome. " 03/01/1990 - "The nuclear DNA content and S-phase fraction of 23 ovarian granulosa cell tumors were measured from paraffin-embedded tissue with flow cytometry. " 01/01/2007 - "Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks of 20 unselected nonepithelial ovarian malignancies (12 granulosa cell tumors and 8 germ cell tumors) diagnosed between 1993 and 2005 were immunohistochemically stained for Her-2/neu. " 02/01/1990 - "The nuclear DNA content of 50 ovarian tumors initially diagnosed as granulosa cell tumors was measured by flow cytometry using paraffin-embedded archival material. "
10.	Formaldehyde (Formol)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks of 20 unselected nonepithelial ovarian malignancies (12 granulosa cell tumors and 8 germ cell tumors) diagnosed between 1993 and 2005 were immunohistochemically stained for Her-2/neu. " 11/01/2005 - "Immunohistochemical study for OCT4 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 63 cases of germ cell tumors, including seminoma (21), dysgerminoma (7), germinoma (8), embryonal carcinoma (8), yolk sac tumor (6), mature teratoma (10) and immature teratoma (3), as well as 25 cases of non-germ cell tumors, including granulosa cell tumor (8), clear cell adenocarcinoma (4), Leydig's cell tumor (5), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (4) and malignant melanoma (4). " 12/01/1997 - "To determine the efficacy of this marker for distinguishing granulosa cell tumors, 134 primary and metastatic lesions of the ovary were evaluated for expression of the alpha-subunit of inhibin in routinely processed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. " 07/01/2007 - "Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 4 normal ovaries, 8 granulosa cell tumors, and 6 epithelial ovarian tumors (2 adenomas and 4 adenocarcinomas) sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, vimentin, and inhibin-alpha. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/2013 - "The best treatment for recurrent granulosa cell tumor(GCT)is considered to be surgical resection, because the effects of chemotherapy or radiation on GCT are obscure. " 09/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to retrospectively report our experience (efficacy/morbidity) with cytoreductive surgery+hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS+HIPEC) for the management of recurrent/relapsed ovarian granulosa cell tumors (OGCT). " 03/01/2015 - "Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, and the role of chemotherapy in their management is not clearly defined. " 03/01/2015 - "The role of systemic chemotherapy in the management of granulosa cell tumors." 09/01/2014 - "Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for management of recurrent/relapsed ovarian granulosa cell tumor: a single-center experience."
2.	Radiotherapy 06/01/1999 - "Radiotherapy is a treatment option that should be considered in localized recurrent or metastatic granulosa cell tumor that is not amenable to surgery as it can potentially control the disease for several years." 06/01/1999 - "Radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic granulosa cell tumor in the mediastinum: a case report." 06/01/1999 - "We report a case of metastatic ovarian granulosa cell tumor in the mediastinum with a 2-year disease-free interval after treatment with radiotherapy and review the literature regarding the use of radiotherapy in recurrent and metastatic granulosa cell tumor. " 01/01/1990 - "Compared with radiotherapy, chemotherapy may yield longer survival in patients with recurrent granulosa cell tumor, but actual cure remains elusive." 01/01/1980 - "Nineteen women with granulosa-cell tumor and 4 with thecoma had received radiotherapy earlier in life for benign lesions. "
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 01/01/2005 - "The achievable, consistently high engraftment rate allows use of such xenografts as tools for studying a wide range of ovarian tumors, including granulosa cell tumors and benign, borderline, and malignant surface epithelial neoplasms. " 09/01/1984 - "One ovarian granulosa cell tumor and its xenograft (V7) were tested against several cytotoxic agents. " 11/01/2005 - "Hecate-betaCG was less effective in mice bearing ovarian epithelial cancer cell xenografts, but was highly effective in treating granulosa cell tumors in transgenic mice. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/1999 - "We report a case of metastatic ovarian granulosa cell tumor in the mediastinum with a 2-year disease-free interval after treatment with radiotherapy and review the literature regarding the use of radiotherapy in recurrent and metastatic granulosa cell tumor. " 01/01/1980 - "Eight of the granulosa-cell tumor group gave birth to 12 children after treatment for the tumor. " 01/01/1992 - "[Metastasis surgery in granulosa cell tumor--determining indications and tumor after care]."
5.	Traction 07/15/1997 - "All of these factors improved exposure, decreased traction on the ovary, increased our ability to observe the vasculature, and decreased postoperative morbidity, aiding in the removal of granulosa cell tumors in mares."