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Gossypol

A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.

Also Known As:

Gossypol Dipotassium Salt; Gossypol Sodium Salt; Gossypol, (+)-Isomer; Gossypol, (+-)-Isomer; Gossypol, (-)-Isomer; Dipotassium Salt, Gossypol; Sodium Salt, Gossypol; (2,2'-Binaphthalene)-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde, 1,1',6,6',7,7'-hexahydroxy-3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis(1-methylethyl)-

Networked: 387 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 80 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lin, Young C: 14 articles (03/2013 - 01/2002)
2.	Wang, Shaomeng: 13 articles (08/2010 - 07/2003)
3.	Ye, Weiping: 10 articles (03/2013 - 05/2006)
4.	Xu, Liang: 9 articles (08/2015 - 02/2005)
5.	Dowd, Michael K: 7 articles (07/2010 - 01/2002)
6.	Chang, Hsiang-Lin: 7 articles (07/2010 - 01/2002)
7.	Yang, Dajun: 6 articles (08/2013 - 07/2003)
8.	Sugimoto, Yasuro: 6 articles (07/2010 - 01/2002)
9.	Chen, Jianyong: 6 articles (09/2008 - 01/2005)
10.	Jiang, Jiahua: 5 articles (02/2012 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 05/01/2011 - "(-)-Gossypol, a natural BH3-mimetic and small-molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, shows promise in ongoing phase II clinical trials for human cancers. " 10/01/1993 - "Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound extracted from cotton plants, shows promise for use as a male contraceptive, as well as a treatment for gynecological disorders, cancer, and certain microbial diseases. " 02/01/2012 - "Although previous studies demonstrated anticancer activities of gossypol through the induction of apoptosis, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibitory effects of gossypol on the metastatic behavior of cancer cells remain to be elucidated. " 12/01/2009 - "Further studies with endothelial cells should be done to verify the anti-angiogenic effect of gossypol enantiomers in cancer treatment." 12/01/2006 - "This study was designed to evaluate whether gossypol, a phytochemical compound with BH3-mimetic property that functions as an inhibitor of Bcl2/BclXL, would sensitize cultured thoracic cancer cells to this death-inducing ligand. "
2.	Prostatic Neoplasms (Prostate Cancer) 10/01/2010 - "Among different applications of gossypol and irradiation (before, after and concurrent) in prostate cancer cells, the best results were observed by the application of gossypol 24 h before irradiation. " 01/01/2011 - "A natural BH3-mimetic, small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2, (-)-gossypol, shows promise in ongoing phase II and III clinical trials for human prostate cancer. " 10/01/2010 - "Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the cotton plant, is one of the agents the efficacy of which has been investigated in the treatment of prostate cancer for this purpose. " 02/01/2012 - "The natural BH3-mimetic (-)-gossypol shows promising efficacy in ongoing phase II/III clinical trials for human prostate cancer. " 01/01/2011 - "In this study we show that (-)-gossypol preferentially induces autophagy in androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer cells that have high levels of Bcl-2 and are resistant to apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo, but not in androgen-dependent (AD) cells with low Bcl-2 and sensitive to apoptosis. "
3.	Hypokalemia 01/01/1984 - " The following points suggest the main directions for future research in the scope of pharmacology and toxicology: hypokalemia -- exploration of the contributing factor(s), means to prevent its occurrence, mechanism(s) of development, production of animal model; irreversibility; general toxicological assessment; and studies on the mechanism of action, which also may be helpful in the development of gossypol analogue(s) exhibiting satisfactory antifertility and minimal toxic effects." 02/01/2009 - "However, clinical trials showed that the major side effect of gossypol was hypokalemia. " 04/03/2000 - "Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound from cotton seed, caused hypokalemia in some men receiving it in a trial of its contraceptive activity. " 11/01/1992 - "Gossypol, in clinical trials as an antifertility drug for men in China, was associated with episodes of hypokalemia. " 09/01/1981 - "[Preliminary study on gossypol in causing hypokalemia (author's transl)]."
4.	Infertility (Sterility) 12/01/1988 - "In the mating studies, although only 33% of the animals in group 1 were infertile, 100% infertility was observed following 16 weeks of gossypol treatment (group 2). " 07/01/1986 - "Clinical trials had demonstrated that chronic ingestion of gossypol induced infertility in males. " 01/01/1985 - "This study helps establish the suitability of the guinea pig for studies on gossypol-induced infertility." 09/01/2004 - "Results demonstrated that the combined dosage regimen could damage epididymal sperm motility and density, and induce infertility within 8 weeks in rats; the infertility could be consistently sustained by giving single GA (12.5 mg/kg/day), and was reversible in about 8 weeks following withdrawal of gossypol. " 04/01/2002 - "Gossypol should be prescribed preferably to men who have completed their families or for those who would accept permanent infertility after a few years of use."
5.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 07/01/1991 - "The results of this study may be of clinical significance in the treatment of breast cancer, since gossypol shows strong antiproliferative properties." 12/01/2011 - "Additionally, gossypol sensitizes lung and breast cancer cell lines to the inhibitory effects of other chemotherapeutic agents. " 02/01/2010 - "Sera from chickens that consumed a known level of (-)-gossypol (-)-GP) exhibited bioactivity against human breast cancer cells in vitro. " 01/01/2009 - "However, some researchers demonstrate that the antiproliferative effect of gossypol on breast cancer cells is mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest. " 01/01/2002 - "The (-)-enantiomer of gossypol possesses higher anticancer potency than racemic gossypol in human breast cancer."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cottonseed Oil (Cottonseed)
2.	Vitamin E
3.	Potassium
4.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
5.	gemcitabine
6.	apogossypol
7.	Cisplatin (Platino)
8.	Taxoids
9.	tebufenozide (Mimic)
10.	vinorelbine (Navelbine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Contraception (Birth Control)
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)