Endemic Goiter

A form of IODINE deficiency disorders characterized by an enlargement of the THYROID GLAND in a significantly large fraction of a POPULATION GROUP. Endemic goiter is common in mountainous and iodine-deficient areas of the world where the DIET contains insufficient amount of iodine.

Also Known As:

Networked: 558 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 55 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Goiter
2.	Thyroid Neoplasms (Thyroid Cancer)
3.	Hypothyroidism
4.	Thyroid Diseases (Thyroid Disease)
5.	Congenital Hypothyroidism (Cretinism)

Experts

1.	Hashemipour, Mahin: 7 articles (05/2014 - 01/2006)
2.	Zimmermann, Michael B: 7 articles (01/2006 - 01/2002)
3.	Amini, Masoud: 6 articles (06/2010 - 01/2006)
4.	Keshteli, Ammar Hassanzadeh: 5 articles (05/2014 - 01/2009)
5.	Niederle, Bruno: 4 articles (08/2015 - 02/2003)
6.	Scheuba, Christian: 4 articles (08/2015 - 02/2003)
7.	Siavash, Mansour: 4 articles (06/2010 - 12/2008)
8.	Aminorroaya, Ashraf: 4 articles (06/2010 - 01/2006)
9.	Kachuei, Ali: 4 articles (06/2010 - 01/2006)
10.	Huszno, B: 4 articles (04/2008 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Endemic Goiter:

1.	IodineIBA 01/01/2003 - "[Comparative analysis of the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women living in endemic goiter areas]." 01/01/2003 - "The dose of 190 mg iodide administered twice yearly, improved iodine deficiency and endemic goiter in schoolchildren. " 04/01/1995 - "[The efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in the prevention of endemic goiter in the southwestern area of Asturias]." 06/17/1972 - "[Effects of an improved iodine prophylaxis on endemic goiter and iodine metabolism]." 02/01/2009 - "According to the results of our study high index of spreading endemic goiter in the population of the South Georgia is conditioned by iodine-deficiency. "
2.	IronIBA 12/01/2002 - "Iron (Fe) deficiency adversely effects thyroid metabolism and reduces efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in areas of endemic goiter. " 04/01/2002 - "Iron deficiency adversely affects thyroid metabolism and may reduce the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in areas of endemic goiter. " 01/01/2006 - "Recent studies have demonstrated that a high prevalence of iron deficiency among children in areas of endemic goiter may reduce the effectiveness of iodized salt programs. " 03/01/2000 - "A trial of oral iodized oil followed by oral iron supplementation in an area of endemic goiter in the western Ivory Coast. " 11/01/2014 - "Thyroid metabolism is negatively affected by iron deficiency and reduced effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in areas of endemic goiter. "
3.	iodized salt (iodised salt)IBA 11/01/2006 - "This study was the first conducted in Umbria region and confirmed that an implementation campaign for iodized salt consumption is a simple and useful instrument to prevent endemic goiter and related diseases. " 12/01/1986 - "[Study on thyroids, cerebral cortices and bones of therapeutically aborted fetuses from endemic goiter regions after a 5-year supplement of iodized salt]." 09/01/2005 - "We determined 44 surgically treated patients with solitary solid nodule in endemic goiter area in which the population routinely receives iodinated salt. " 01/01/2005 - "One yr after more than 75% of the population had been consuming 40 ppm iodized salt; information regarding history of endemic goiter and iodized salt production, distribution, consumption and monitoring were collected in four cities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. " 01/01/1998 - "In 1990 the average content was 31.0 mg/kg and in 1997 was 27.1 mg/kg. These data therefore confirm the usefulness of iodinated salt in the prophylaxis of endemic goiter."
4.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)FDA LinkGeneric 12/20/1996 - "[Therapy of endemic goiter with iodide or l-thyroxine in older patients]." 02/13/1989 - "[Ultrasonic scan of the thyroid gland during the treatment of endemic goiter with L-thyroxine]." 03/04/1988 - "[Therapy of endemic goiter with levothyroxine and iodide. " 09/07/1987 - "[Ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid during treatment of endemic goiter with L-thyroxine]." 01/01/1987 - "Children with and without endemic goiter showed seasonal variations in total T4 and free T4 as well as total T3, free T3, and reverse T3, with the highest values in the fall; in thyroxin-binding globulin the highest values were in the winter; and in TSH the highest values were in the summer. "
5.	Iodized OilIBA 10/01/1973 - "Biochemical studies on endemic goiter glands before and one year after an injection of iodized oil." 12/01/1990 - "Four patients with endemic goiter received iodized oil injection 12 months before surgery. " 12/01/1988 - "Thyroid tissue from endemic goiter patients previously treated with iodized oil injection also had low SOD activity and concentration. " 08/01/1986 - "We conclude that iodized oil therapy does not induce an abnormal autoimmune reaction in endemic goiter patients." 12/01/1985 - "The effectiveness of oral iodized oil in the treatment and prophylaxis of endemic goiter."
6.	Vitamin A (Retinol)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "The study aim was to determine the effects of VAD and vitamin A (VA) supplementation on thyroid function in an area of endemic goiter. " 12/01/2008 - "Endemic goiter in Semirom; there is no difference in vitamin A status between goitrous and nongoitrous children." 01/01/1988 - "Serum vitamin A levels were determined in two groups of subjects living in an endemic goiter area in Iran. " 01/01/1988 - "Vitamin A status and endemic goiter." 05/01/1971 - "[Vitamin A requirements of school children in an endemic goiter locality]."
7.	AutoantibodiesIBA 12/01/2009 - "The role of thyroid autoantibodies in the etiology of endemic goiter in schoolchildren of Isfahan, Iran." 05/01/1994 - "Our results do not confirm the hypothesis that thyroid autoantibodies play a key role in the pathogenesis of endemic goiter." 05/01/1994 - "Incidence of thyroid autoantibodies in the endemic goiter." 04/01/1990 - "Relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and endemic goiter have been studied in 164 subjects from three different areas of endemic goiter: 91 patients and 31 healthy controls from Central Sardinia, 23 patients from Northern Latium, and 19 patients from Southern Latium. " 06/01/2000 - "Previous studies, mostly performed in iodine-deficient areas, have suggested that the administration of iodine to patients with endemic goiter may be associated with the development of thyroid autoantibodies (ThAbs); however, this has not been a consistent finding. "
8.	HormonesIBA 10/01/1983 - "Thyroid hormone and immunological studies in endemic goiter." 02/01/2001 - "Changes in serum thyroid hormone levels in newborn calves as a diagnostic index of endemic goiter." 08/01/1991 - "[Thyroid hormone profiles in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects seen in an endemic goiter area of the Central African Republic]." 10/01/1973 - "Biochemical defects in thyroid hormone synthesis and their relation to endemic goiter." 04/01/1970 - "Endemic goiter in Greece: thyroid hormone kinetics."
9.	Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)FDA Link 12/01/1993 - "In Randan, the prevalence of severe endemic goiter was accompanied by alteration in thyroid function, increased thyrotropin levels and retardation of both bone and psychomotor age and decreased intellectual quotient. " 11/14/1987 - "[Ultrasensitive determination of thyrotropin in endemic goiter]." 10/01/1973 - "Serum thyrotropin in levels and response to TRH in the endemic goiter region of Israel." 01/01/1970 - "[Pituitary reserve of thyrotropin in a group of patients with endemic goiter]." 03/01/1958 - "[Blood thyrotropin in endemic goiter]."
10.	ThyroglobulinFDA Link 06/01/2007 - "Endemic goiter due to thyroglobulin gene abnormality and social ostracism." 06/01/2003 - "Serum thyroglobulin appears to be a sensitive marker of thyroid dysfunction in endemic goiter. " 06/01/1999 - "Relationship between intrathyroid calcifications and thyroglobulin in endemic goiter." 10/01/1996 - "In an attempt to determine whether the mutation in thyroglobulin exon 10 might be linked to endemic goiter, we studied the genomic organization of thyroglobulin exon 10 in 36 patients diagnosed with endemic goiter by Southern blot, PCR, and sequencing analysis. " 10/01/1996 - "Thyroglobulin exon 10 gene point mutation in a patient with endemic goiter."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thyroidectomy 01/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) before thyroidectomy in an endemic goiter region. " 01/01/1994 - "The study was carried out in a group of 139 patients undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy for endemic goiter between 1978 and 1987. " 12/01/2011 - "State of the art: surgery for endemic goiter--a plea for individualizing the extent of resection instead of heading for routine total thyroidectomy." 07/01/1996 - "This article aims to define the incidence of complications in 867 thyroidectomies performed by residents with attending surgeons' supervision as part of a training programme, in a region of endemic goiter. " 07/01/1996 - "Complications of 867 thyroidectomies performed in a region of endemic goiter in Turkey."
2.	Parathyroidectomy 04/01/2003 - "Impact of localization studies on feasibility of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in an endemic goiter region." 04/01/2003 - "In an endemic goiter region minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy is applicable in significantly more patients than is endoscopic and video-assisted MIP." 07/01/2001 - "Minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy in an endemic goiter area: a prospective study." 07/01/2001 - "Minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy by lateral approach (oMIP) in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism seems feasible in an endemic goiter region. "
3.	Airway Management 04/01/2012 - "Clinicopathological profile, airway management, and outcome in huge multinodular goiters: an institutional experience from an endemic goiter region."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/2003 - "Because of the increasing prevalence of thyroid nodules in Poland, it is essential to assess the nodules for FNAB and S-FNAB, especially in persons at high risk for thyroid carcinoma (patients after transplant with immunosuppression, persons with endemic goiter). "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1973 - "[Indications and results of endemic goiter drug therapy with synthetic thyroid hormones]."