Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme)

A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.

Also Known As:

Networked: 11830 relevant articles (637 outcomes, 2047 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Glioma (Gliomas)
3.	Astrocytoma (Pilocytic Astrocytoma)
4.	Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme)
5.	Brain Neoplasms (Brain Tumor)

Experts

1.	Weller, Michael: 111 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Reardon, David A: 74 articles (10/2015 - 04/2003)
3.	Wen, Patrick Y: 74 articles (10/2015 - 02/2006)
4.	Wick, Wolfgang: 72 articles (11/2015 - 09/2002)
5.	Stupp, Roger: 58 articles (12/2015 - 03/2002)
6.	Cloughesy, Timothy F: 58 articles (12/2015 - 09/2002)
7.	Bigner, Darell D: 56 articles (06/2015 - 01/2004)
8.	Chang, Susan M: 55 articles (12/2015 - 05/2002)
9.	Mischel, Paul S: 55 articles (10/2015 - 09/2002)
10.	Prados, Michael D: 55 articles (08/2015 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Glioblastoma:

1.	temozolomide (Temodar)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2012 - "Treatment of patients with glioblastoma improved dramatically when concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide was added to external radiation therapy. " 07/15/1994 - "Temozolomide was also highly effective against intracerebral implants of the U251 and SF-295 glioblastomas. " 01/01/2014 - "Thus, microarray gene expression analysis can be effective in establishing genes affected in response to FAK inhibitor alone and in response to combination of Y15 with temozolomide that is important for glioblastoma therapy. " 06/01/2006 - "Concomitant and adjuvant treatment with Temozolomide, an oral alkylating agent, has significantly improved the survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (study EORTC 26981/22981, NCIC CE3). " 08/01/2014 - "Considering the relative good toxicity profile and the efficacy of treatment, our experience supports the use of radiochemotherapy with temozolomide in older patients with glioblastoma."
2.	bevacizumabFDA Link 07/01/2014 - "This recommendation applies to adult patients with progressive glioblastoma Level III Treatment with bevacizumab is recommended as it provides improved disease control compared to historical controls as measured by best imaging response and progression free survival at 6 months. " 06/01/2013 - "Bevacizumab monotherapy has proven effective for recurrent glioblastoma, and it extended progression-free survival and improved patient quality of life in various clinical trials. " 11/01/2015 - "Two large phase III trials, RTOG 0825 and AVAglio, failed to demonstrate an overall survival benefit from antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab added to combined chemoradiotherapy (TMZ) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, but a trend toward improved survival with increasing age can be noted. " 11/01/2012 - "Based on promising results from clinical trials that bevacizumab can prolong progression-free survival in recurrent glioblastoma patients, the US FDA granted this drug accelerated approval for the treatment of recurrent or progressive glioblastoma; however, there has been no evidence that the overall median survival of patients is prolonged. " 08/01/2012 - "Recently published single-arm evaluations of adding bevacizumab to standard first-line therapy in glioblastoma multiforme have shown an improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival when compared with historical controls obtained prior to widespread use of bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. "
3.	irinotecan (Camptosar)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2015 - "This systematic review aims to assess irinotecan-based salvage regimens for patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) beyond first line treatment. " 01/01/2010 - "BRAIN was a phase II, multicenter, randomized, noncomparative trial of BEV alone (n = 85) or in combination with irinotecan (CPT-11) (n = 82) in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. " 04/01/2003 - "Although the response rate of irinotecan as a single agent was limited, it remains an attractive drug for combination studies in patients with glioblastoma." 01/01/2002 - "A prospective Phase II study of CPT-11 in adult patients with recurrent supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). " 11/01/2015 - "Irinotecan-based regimens for recurrent glioblastoma multiform: a systematic review."
4.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 08/01/2007 - "Emerging preclinical and clinical data indicate that anti-VEGF therapies are potentially effective in glioblastoma--the most frequent primary brain tumour--and can transiently normalize tumour vessels. " 12/01/2008 - "Our results suggest that VEGF Trap will be effective in treating both patients with recurrent or progressive resectable glioblastoma and patients that have undergone extensive initial surgery. " 08/01/2006 - "The increased gene transfer efficiency of rAAV vectors pseudotyped with the rAAV-8 capsid also provided enhanced therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of glioblastoma multiforme, using vectors encoding an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. " 01/01/2009 - "Recent clinical trials of VEGF inhibitors have shown promise in the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas (GBM). " 01/01/2016 - "The results of the present study demonstrated that inhibition of miR‑566 expression increases the expression levels of VHL, decreases the expression levels of VEGF, and inhibits the invasive and migratory abilities of glioblastoma. "
5.	Carmustine (FIVB)FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "The study investigated if intraoperative use of carmustine wafers, particularly in combination with Stupp regimen, is a viable and safe first-line treatment option of glioblastomas. " 01/01/2015 - "The intraoperative use of carmustine wafers in combination with Stupp regimen is a viable first-line treatment option of glioblastomas. " 01/01/2015 - "Combining intraoperative carmustine wafers and Stupp regimen in multimodal first-line treatment of primary glioblastomas." 09/01/2011 - "The efficacy of carmustine wafers for older patients with glioblastoma multiforme: prolonging survival." 02/01/2008 - "Safety and efficacy of permanent iodine-125 seed implants and carmustine wafers in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme."
6.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 04/01/2015 - "Our study shows that DOX can be involved in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) then reactivation of DNA methylation-silenced tumor suppressor genes in glioblastoma (GBM). " 02/01/2014 - "Efficient O⁶-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT(P140K))-mediated myeloprotection and in vivo selection have been demonstrated in numerous animal models and most recently in a phase I clinical study in glioblastoma patients. " 12/01/2013 - "In the present study, we screened for TERT promoter mutations by direct DNA sequencing in a population-based collection of 358 glioblastomas. " 09/01/2012 - "There is a strong need to determine the best technique for O(6) -methylguanine-DNA-methyltranferase (MGMT) analysis, because MGMT status is currently used in clinical trials and occasionally in routine clinical practice for glioblastoma patients. " 01/01/2012 - "DNA copy number and exon-sequencing studies of glioblastoma multiforme samples have revealed recurrent genomic alterations in genes such as TP53, EGFR, and IDH1, but to date, this has not resulted in novel glioblastoma multiforme therapies. "
7.	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF Receptor)IBA 10/01/2008 - "Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may be effective in a subset of glioblastoma patients. " 12/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to examine the potential usefulness of morphologic and diffusion MR imaging signs in the prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification status in patients with glioblastoma. " 12/01/2008 - "In this study, we test the reliability of chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) for the detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification in glioblastoma. " 10/04/2005 - "Previous studies have identified a number of molecular alterations in glioblastoma, including amplification of the RTK epidermal growth factor receptor. " 06/01/2005 - "The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) performed an analysis of patterns of immunohistochemically detected total epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression levels and their prognostic significance on archival tissue in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients from prior prospective RTOG clinical trials. "
8.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "The anti-glioblastoma efficacy of dGlu-NP/PTX was significantly enhanced in comparison with that of Taxol and NP/PTX. " 11/01/2012 - "The anti-glioblastoma efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) loading ANG-PEG-NP was significantly enhanced as compared to that of Taxol and PEG-NP. " 02/01/2000 - "Larger, randomized trials are required to establish the comparative efficacy of paclitaxel as a radiosensitizer in glioblastoma multiforme." 01/01/2015 - "Improved anti-glioblastoma efficacy by IL-13Rα2 mediated copolymer nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel." 10/01/2009 - "We designed this study to determine whether use of a low dose of taxol and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene silencing would effectively induce apoptosis in human glioblastoma U251MG cells and also inhibit invasion, angiogenesis and intracranial as well as subcutaneous tumour growth. "
9.	Carboplatin (JM8)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2011 - "Initially, they could provide a platform for a Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety and potential therapeutic efficacy of CED of carboplatin in patients with recurrent glioblastomas, and ultimately a Phase II trial of carboplatin in combination with radiation therapy." 11/01/2012 - "Phase I trial of verubulin (MPC-6827) plus carboplatin in patients with relapsed glioblastoma multiforme." 03/01/2012 - "A phase I trial of carboplatin administered by convection-enhanced delivery to patients with recurrent/progressive glioblastoma multiforme." 09/01/2014 - "Intra-arterial carboplatin as a salvage strategy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme." 11/01/2012 - "We determined the safety and tolerability of verubulin administered in combination with carboplatin in patients with relapsed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). "
10.	Phosphotransferases (Kinase)IBA 03/01/2010 - "The main findings were that (i) efficacy of small-molecule kinase inhibitors in clinical studies with glioblastoma patients does not yet warrant a change in standard clinical practice and (ii) 6 main kinase targets for inhibitors have been evaluated in these studies: EGFR, mTOR, KDR, FLT1, PKCbeta, and PDGFR." 07/16/2015 - "Yet, inhibitors of the kinase activity of EGFR have yielded poor results in clinical trials with patients with glioblastomas. " 05/01/2015 - "In this study, the effects of inhibiting Monopolar spindle 1, MPS1 (TTK), an essential SAC kinase, on the radiosensitization of glioblastoma (GBM) cells were analyzed. " 01/01/2014 - "However, due to the development of resistance mechanisms, kinase inhibition studies targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway for relapsing glioblastoma have mostly failed thus far. " 01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to show preclinical efficacy and clinical development potential of NVP-BKM120, a selective pan class I phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor in human glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro and in vivo. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy 01/01/1976 - "Viewed in the light of recent advances and contemporary research, further refinements of surgery and radiotherapy hold little promise for the cure of glioblastomas, although both will continue to have important roles. " 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy of high dose radiotherapy in post-operative treatment of glioblastoma multiform--a single institution report." 03/01/2013 - "The introduction of TMZ before, during and after radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme gives clinically and statistically significant improvement of survival with unremarkably increased toxicity of the treatment." 11/01/2012 - "To determine the efficacy of a Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) boost to areas of high risk determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) functional imaging in addition to standard radiotherapy for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). " 04/01/2009 - "Hypofractionated stereotactic reirradiation of recurrent glioblastomas : a beneficial treatment option after high-dose radiotherapy?"
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/2011 - "Furthermore, it summarizes the clinical experience with TTFields, mainly in two indications: one in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: in a large prospective randomized Phase III trial TTFields was compared with best standard care (including chemotherapy): TTFields significantly improved median overall survival (OS) compared with standard therapy (7.8 vs 6.1 months) for the patients treated per protocol. " 03/01/2015 - "A recent multicenter, Phase III, randomized clinical trial comparing NovoTTF-100A monotherapy to physician's best choice chemotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma revealed that AEFs have similar efficacy to standard chemotherapeutic agents with a more favorable side-effects profile and improved quality of life. " 09/01/2013 - "The timing of neural stem cell-based virotherapy is critical for optimal therapeutic efficacy when applied with radiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma." 02/15/2015 - "Our data indicates RIST therapy as a novel treatment strategy for glioblastoma achieving significant anti-tumorigenic activity avoiding high-dose chemotherapy. " 03/10/2015 - "The efficacy of glioblastoma chemotherapy is not satisfactory; therefore, a new medication is expected to improve outcomes. "
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 06/01/2011 - "Even though highly attenuated in presence of microRNA-7, this virus retained full efficacy against glioblastoma xenografts. " 01/01/2010 - "The results showed a significant reduction of VEGFA at the transcription level in PAX6-transfected cells in xenografts and PAX6 has a suppressive effect on the microvascular amplification typically seen in glioblastoma. " 01/01/2014 - "This study analysed in vitro characteristics of sulfatide-containing nanoliposomal DOX (SCN-DOX) and assessed its cytotoxicity in vitro, as well as biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and systemic toxicity in a human glioblastoma U-118MG xenograft model. " 10/01/2014 - "Therapeutic efficacy of aldoxorubicin in an intracranial xenograft mouse model of human glioblastoma." 03/01/2013 - "Effective treatment of an orthotopic xenograft model of human glioblastoma using an EGFR-retargeted oncolytic herpes simplex virus."
4.	Immunotherapy 08/01/2009 - "These results show that the formation of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunological synapse occurs in human tissue and may be relevant for the effective immune-mediated clearance of tumorigenic cells, therefore opening up new avenues for glioblastoma immunotherapy." 04/01/2015 - "Dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy is developing as a promising treatment modality for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). " 11/01/2009 - "They are now being investigated as a potential modality and adjuvant to immunotherapy, and they represent a promising novel treatment for human glioblastomas." 12/01/2005 - "In this study, we determined the efficacy of TF as immunotherapy to treat experimental glioblastoma. " 01/01/2014 - "Outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are poor and may be improved by immunotherapy. "
5.	Boron Neutron Capture Therapy 11/01/2003 - "We very effectively treated two patients with recurrent glioblastoma with modified boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). " 06/01/2014 - "Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been reported to be effective in the patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). " 10/01/2002 - "Improved treatment planning for boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme using fluorine-18 labeled boronophenylalanine and positron emission tomography." 06/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between the radiation dose and histopathological findings in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). " 01/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and conventional treatment in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. "