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Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia (Castleman's Disease)

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Large benign, hyperplastic lymph nodes. The more common hyaline vascular subtype is characterized by small hyaline vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferations. Plasma cells are often present and represent another subtype with the plasma cells containing IgM and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.

Also Known As:

Castleman's Disease; Angiofollicular Lymphoid Hyperplasias; Castleman Tumor; Castlemans Disease; Castlemans Tumor; Hyperplasia, Angiofollicular Lymphoid; Hyperplasias, Angiofollicular Lymphoid; Lymphoid Hyperplasia, Angiofollicular; Lymphoid Hyperplasias, Angiofollicular; Tumor, Castleman's; Angiofollicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia; Castleman Disease; Castleman's Tumor; GLNH; Hyperplasia, Giant Lymph Node; Lymph Node Hyperplasia, Giant

Networked: 535 relevant articles (50 outcomes, 20 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
2.	Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis)
3.	Kaposi Sarcoma (Kaposi's Sarcoma)
4.	Anemia
5.	Crohn Disease (Crohn's Disease)

Experts

1.	Kishimoto, Tadamitsu: 11 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Nishimoto, Norihiro: 10 articles (05/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Dispenzieri, Angela: 9 articles (10/2015 - 06/2004)
4.	Kurzrock, Razelle: 8 articles (01/2016 - 09/2007)
5.	Yarchoan, Robert: 8 articles (01/2015 - 03/2007)
6.	Tanaka, Toshio: 7 articles (03/2015 - 12/2011)
7.	Little, Richard F: 7 articles (12/2014 - 03/2007)
8.	Bower, Mark: 7 articles (01/2014 - 09/2004)
9.	van Rhee, Frits: 6 articles (10/2015 - 08/2010)
10.	Aleman, Karen: 6 articles (12/2014 - 03/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia:

1.	tocilizumab FDA Link 08/01/2012 - "Sustained remission of multicentric Castleman disease in children treated with tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody." 01/01/2007 - "This is the first report on tocilizumab efficacy for Castleman's disease after approval for use for Castleman's disease." 05/10/2007 - "[Effectiveness of humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab) for Castleman's disease mainly with pulmonary involvement]." 04/01/2014 - "Sustained remission of severe Multicentric Castleman disease following multiagent chemotherapy and tocilizumab maintenance." 01/01/2012 - "Tocilizumab treatment was significantly effective for uveitis accompanied with Castleman disease. "
2.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 11/01/2008 - "Complete remission and virologic response to combined chemoimmunotherapy (R-CVP) followed by rituximab maintenance in HIV-negative, HHV-8 positive patient with multicentric Castleman disease." 09/29/2011 - "Improved outcome with rituximab in patients with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease." 12/18/2007 - "To investigate the efficacy and clinicopathologic variables associated with first-line treatment for HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. " 04/01/2005 - "Efficacy of rituximab in an aggressive form of multicentric Castleman disease associated with immune phenomena." 05/01/2014 - "We propose (1) the introduction of the term iatrogenic Castleman's disease (CD) for this and similar cases, (2) rituximab should be considered as a treatment option for CD and (3) consideration be given to a change to the World Health Organization classification of CD to incorporate such cases. "
3.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Recently, therapies that target interleukin-6 or its receptor have been shown to be effective in Castleman's disease. " 01/01/2012 - "Targeting CD-20, interleukin-6, and the nuclear factor-κB pathway has shown promise in achieving long-term remission in patients with Castleman disease and associated autoimmune features. " 01/01/2013 - "In this study we have established a novel humanized Castleman's disease mouse model, in which the endogenous interleukin-6 receptor gene is successfully replaced by human IL6R, and human IL6 is overexpressed. " 07/01/1992 - "Thus, the study demonstrated that adequate amounts of IL-6 are required for an abundant plasma cell reaction, and that an additional source of IL-6 from histiocytes is essential for the formation of Castleman's disease-like changes in lymph nodes involved by HD. " 04/01/2014 - "Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is associated with significant systemic symptoms, in part related to the underlying role of interleukin-6 in disease pathogenesis. "
4.	Interleukin-6 Receptors (Interleukin 6 Receptor)IBA 11/01/2000 - "In this review, the new therapeutic strategy for Castleman's disease and RA using humanized antibody to human IL6 receptor, MRA, is discussed." 01/01/2015 - "Discovery of Innovative Therapies for Rare Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases via Off-Label Prescription of Biologics: The Case of IL-6 Receptor Blockade in Castleman's Disease." 01/01/2014 - "Short-term efficacy of the IL6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in patients with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease: report of two cases." 01/01/2013 - "We hypothesized that interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor/gp130 polymorphisms contribute to increased interleukin-6 and/or other components of the interleukin-6 signaling pathway in HIV-negative Castleman Disease patients. " 12/01/2005 - "[Pharmacological and clinical profile of anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab, ACTEMRA), a novel therapeutic drug for Castleman's disease]."
5.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 08/01/2011 - "Diffuse hyperpigmented plaques as cutaneous manifestation of multicentric Castleman disease and treatment with thalidomide: report of three cases." 04/01/2006 - "Near-total resolution of multicentric Castleman disease by prolonged treatment with thalidomide." 03/01/2004 - "Successful treatment of a patient with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) with thalidomide." 05/01/2004 - "Remission of nephrotic syndrome after thalidomide therapy in a patient with Castleman's disease." 01/01/2013 - "Concerning high cost-effectiveness, good tolerability and documented efficacy also in rituximab-resistant cases, we prefer immunomodulatory drugs (particularly thalidomide) for managing multicentric Castleman disease in our center."
6.	bortezomib (Velcade)FDA Link 09/01/2006 - "Effects of bortezomib on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and transfusion dependency in a patient with multicentric Castleman disease." 02/01/2010 - "Efficacy of bortezomib in refractory form of multicentric Castleman disease associated to poems syndrome (MCD-POEMS variant)." 01/01/2015 - "Efficacy of bortezomib and thalidomide in the recrudescent form of multicentric mixed-type Castleman's disease." 10/01/2011 - "Successful treatment with bortezomib and thalidomide for POEMS syndrome associated with multicentric mixed-type Castleman's disease."
7.	AntibodiesIBA 03/01/2009 - "Although autoimmune phenomenon had been described frequently in Castleman disease, to the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the patient with rapid progressive glomerulonephritis mediated by antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies, which might be associated with Castleman disease." 11/01/1991 - "Among these five reports of Castleman's disease, five patients had severe erosive stomatitis diagnosed as oral pemphigus, three had keratoconjunctivitis, and three had circulating pemphigus antibodies. " 01/01/2008 - "Castleman's disease is a rare lymphatic polyclonal disorder that is characterised by unicentric or multicentric lymph node hyperplasia and non-specific symptoms and signs including fever, asthenia, weight loss, enlarged liver and abnormally high blood levels of antibodies. " 11/01/1998 - "Using an immunofluorescence assay able to specifically detect antibodies directed against lytically induced HHV8 antigens, HHV8 antibodies were not detected in sera from 24 patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus (including 10 with concomitant Castleman's disease) nor from 19 patients with pemphigus vulgaris. " 06/15/2010 - "Distinct profiles of antibodies to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus antigens in patients with Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, and primary effusion lymphoma."
8.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 01/01/2014 - "These patients presented with osteosclerotic myeloma (OSM, n = 13), Castleman's disease (CD, n = 4), OSM with CD (n = 10), and vascular endothelial growth factor elevation without gross lesions (VEGFe, n = 6), respectively. " 01/01/2012 - "Future research is needed to find an association between VEGF-secreting solid tumours and the development of lymphoproliferative tumours such as Castleman's disease." 07/01/2000 - "The confirmation of the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of Castleman's disease may provide a therapeutic strategy." 07/01/2000 - "To evaluate the possible involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of Castleman's disease, we studied VEGF expression in sera and lymph nodes from four patients with either the plasma-cell type or mixed type of Castleman's disease. " 07/01/2000 - "Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Castleman's disease: proposed pathomechanism of vascular proliferation in the affected lymph node."
9.	IronIBA 12/01/1996 - "Iron therapy resistant microcytic anaemia in a 13-year-old girl with Castleman disease." 04/01/2014 - "We report the cases of 2 children with occult, unicentric Castleman disease whose primary presenting feature was a chronic, unexplained, iron-refractory, microcytic anemia. " 04/01/2014 - "Iron-refractory microcytic anemia as the presenting feature of unicentric Castleman disease in children." 01/01/2011 - "Surgically curable non-iron deficiency microcytic anemia: Castleman's disease." 07/01/1999 - "[Microcytic anemia resistant to the oral administration of iron as a form of presentation of the Castleman disease]."
10.	lenalidomide (CC 5013)FDA Link 10/01/2012 - "Lenalidomide: a new treatment option for Castleman disease." 11/01/2012 - "We showed an effect of lenalidomide in Langerhans cell histiocytosis and in Castleman disease. " 11/01/2012 - "We further showed an excellent effect of lenalidomide in multicentric Castleman disease with generalized involvement of lymphatic nodes, B symptoms and vasculitis. " 11/01/2012 - "[The effect of lenalidomide on rare blood disorders: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, multicentric Castleman disease, POEMS syndrome, Erdheim-Chester disease and angiomatosis]." 09/01/2012 - "Thus, lenalidomide represents an attractive alternative agent for patients with Castleman disease after rituximab and cytostatics failures. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy 05/01/2007 - "When the diagnosis of Castleman disease is made, good results can be obtained with partial resection and radiotherapy." 01/01/2006 - "The study shows that unicentric Castleman disease is successfully treated with radiotherapy. " 01/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical outcomes of five patients with unicentric Castleman disease treated with radiotherapy between 1991 and 2005. " 08/01/2001 - "The authors undertook this study to analyze the clinical factors, treatment approaches, and outcomes of patients with unicentric or multicentric Castleman disease, and to report the outcomes of patients with unicentric Castleman disease treated with radiotherapy. " 01/01/2015 - "The role of radiotherapy (RT) in the management of Castleman's disease (CD) is analyzed. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2009 - "Complete remission in a patient with human herpes virus-8 negative multicentric Castleman disease using CHOP chemotherapy." 02/01/2015 - "The use of a Berlin Heart EXCOR LVAD in a child receiving chemotherapy for Castleman's disease." 10/01/2011 - "Unicentric hyaline vascular Castleman disease is often curable with surgery; however, multicentric Castleman disease may require steroid treatment, chemotherapy, antiviral medication, or the use of antiproliferative regimens because a surgical procedure cannot be curative in this setting. " 04/01/2004 - "It fell dramatically after chemotherapy (4.97 ng/mL), even though it remained just above the mean BLyS value found in healthy blood donors (3.37+/-0.78 ng/mL).Castleman's disease can present autoimmune traits. " 10/01/2002 - "All 6 patients who were treated responded to chemotherapy; immune reconstitution was observed in 5 patients, but it did not prevent relapse of Castleman disease. "
3.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy) 08/01/2001 - "Multicentric Castleman disease is a more aggressive clinical entity and is most effectively treated with combination chemotherapy, whereas the role of radiotherapy in its treatment remains unclear." 02/01/1999 - "We report here, to our knowledge, the first case of Hodgkin's and Castleman's disease occurring in a patient with co-existent systemic mastocytosis, which remained unchanged after combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease." 03/01/2012 - "Complete remission in 4 patients with human herpesvirus 8-associated multicentric Castleman disease using rituximab and liposomal doxorubicin, a novel chemotherapy combination."
4.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 10/01/2002 - "We report the case histories of 7 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) who had a diagnosis of Castleman disease. " 10/01/2002 - "Human herpesvirus 8-positive Castleman disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy." 01/01/2000 - "We report two cases where HAART alone led to clinical recovery from Castleman's disease. " 01/01/2000 - "Successful treatment of Castleman's disease with HAART in two HIV-infected patients." 07/01/2008 - "We report a patient of Castlemans disease with advanced HIV infection who responded well to conventional HAART. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/2010 - "Ocular findings in a patient with Castleman's disease before and after treatment with immunosuppression and plasmapheresis." 03/01/2015 - "[PET-CT documented remission of multicentric Castleman disease after treatment with rituximab: case report and review]." 01/01/2015 - "Tocilizumab for AA Amyloidosis after Treatment of Multicentric Castleman Disease with Steroids, Chemotherapy and Rituximab for Over 20 Years."