Gas Gangrene (Gangrene, Gas)

A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.

Also Known As:

Networked: 416 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Infection
3.	Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Poisoning, Carbon Monoxide)
4.	Osteomyelitis
5.	Ulcer

Experts

1.	Nagahama, Masahiro: 8 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Flores-Díaz, Marietta: 8 articles (04/2014 - 12/2003)
3.	Sakurai, Jun: 7 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Rood, Julian I: 7 articles (08/2014 - 04/2002)
5.	Alape-Girón, Alberto: 7 articles (04/2014 - 12/2003)
6.	Titball, Richard W: 7 articles (10/2012 - 05/2002)
7.	Ohtani, Kaori: 6 articles (05/2015 - 04/2002)
8.	Shimizu, Tohru: 6 articles (05/2015 - 04/2002)
9.	Oda, Masataka: 6 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	Cheung, Jackie K: 6 articles (08/2014 - 08/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gas Gangrene:

1.	OxygenIBA 08/01/2002 - "Hyperbaric oxygen is established as an adjuvant therapy of clostridial gas gangrene and has been shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. " 01/01/1999 - "Management of clostridial gas gangrene and the role of hyperbaric oxygen." 02/07/1996 - "Hyperbaric oxygen and gas gangrene." 05/03/1995 - "The place of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of gas gangrene." 01/01/1993 - "An experimental multimicrobial gas gangrene rat model was developed and the therapeutic effect of surgery was compared to the combined effect of surgery and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). "
2.	Rifampin (Rifampicin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/19/1969 - "[Animal experimental studies on the effect of rifampicin on pathogenic gas gangrene bacilli]." 02/01/1987 - "Toxin suppression and rapid bacterial killing may in part explain the observed superior therapeutic efficacy of clindamycin, rifampin, and metronidazole compared with penicillin in the treatment of experimental gas gangrene." 02/01/1987 - "155:220-228, 1987) that clindamycin, rifampin, and tetracycline were more efficacious than penicillin in the treatment of fulminant gas gangrene in mice caused by Clostridium perfringens. " 02/01/1987 - "In a mouse model of gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens, clindamycin, metronidazole, rifampin, and tetracycline were all more efficacious than penicillin (P less than .05). " 02/01/1987 - "Comparison of clindamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, metronidazole, and penicillin for efficacy in prevention of experimental gas gangrene due to Clostridium perfringens."
3.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 02/01/1987 - "Gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in spite of penicillin treatment. " 09/20/1969 - "Hence it is considered justifiable to give penicillin prophylactically to the small group of patients at serious risk from postoperative gas gangrene." 10/17/1952 - "[Penicillin therapy of gas gangrene]." 10/01/1947 - "[The penicillin-lisadoterapia in gas gangrene]." 09/01/1999 - "Eastaway et all published similar case report of gas gangrene complicated by penicillin allergy. "
4.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1977 - "Cecal contents from animals with clindamycin-induced disease incubated with gas gangrene antitoxin failed to cause intestinal lesions. " 09/01/2014 - "Development of Clostridium septicum gas gangrene as an adverse effect of clindamycin-induced Clostridium difficile infection in a pediatric patient." 06/01/1995 - "For example, we have reported that clindamycin is more efficacious than penicillin in experimental gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens in animals. " 02/01/1987 - "Toxin suppression and rapid bacterial killing may in part explain the observed superior therapeutic efficacy of clindamycin, rifampin, and metronidazole compared with penicillin in the treatment of experimental gas gangrene." 02/01/1987 - "155:220-228, 1987) that clindamycin, rifampin, and tetracycline were more efficacious than penicillin in the treatment of fulminant gas gangrene in mice caused by Clostridium perfringens. "
5.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 12/01/2012 - "While the use of x-rays to treat patients with gas gangrene ended in the early 1940's with the advent of antibiotics, x-ray had been widely accepted as a useful and highly effective treatment for this condition. " 11/15/1968 - "[Studies on the antibacterial effect of newer antibiotics on Welch-Fraenkel gas gangrene bacilli (Cl. " 10/01/2001 - "The actual treatment for gas gangrene includes surgery, antibiotics, general resuscitative measures and HBOT." 08/27/1990 - "Both cases were misdiagnosed as gas gangrene, and treated with surgical revision and antibiotics. " 01/01/1990 - "It was concluded that for prevention of gas gangrene a proper surgical toilet and antibiotics at the time of injury were necessary and a smear examination might give a clue to early diagnosis."
6.	Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "[Is penicillin G the drug of choice in gas gangrene? " 11/01/1966 - "[Experimental studies on animals on the use of pyrrolidino-methyl-tetracycline and penicillin G on the prophylaxis and therapy of gas gangrene]." 01/01/1986 - "However, vancomycin and fosfomycin, which revealed suboptimal in vitro bactericidal activity, proved as efficacious as penicillin G and imipenem in an experimental mode of murine gas gangrene. " 01/01/1988 - "Five antimicrobial drugs (ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, imipenem, penicillin G, and rifampin) were examined for therapeutic efficacy in a murine model gas gangrene due to Clostridium perfringens type A, following infection with large bacterial inocula. "
7.	Metronidazole (Metric)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1981 - "Metronidazole in the treatment of gas gangrene following lower limb amputation." 12/01/1968 - "Activity of metronidazole against experimental tetanus and gas gangrene." 05/01/2005 - "It is essential to submit specimens for culture, as this organism is typically resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and metronidazole, the empiric choice for gas gangrene." 02/01/1987 - "Toxin suppression and rapid bacterial killing may in part explain the observed superior therapeutic efficacy of clindamycin, rifampin, and metronidazole compared with penicillin in the treatment of experimental gas gangrene." 02/01/1987 - "In a mouse model of gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens, clindamycin, metronidazole, rifampin, and tetracycline were all more efficacious than penicillin (P less than .05). "
8.	ImipenemFDA Link 01/01/1986 - "However, vancomycin and fosfomycin, which revealed suboptimal in vitro bactericidal activity, proved as efficacious as penicillin G and imipenem in an experimental mode of murine gas gangrene. " 01/01/1988 - "Five antimicrobial drugs (ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, imipenem, penicillin G, and rifampin) were examined for therapeutic efficacy in a murine model gas gangrene due to Clostridium perfringens type A, following infection with large bacterial inocula. "
9.	OzoneIBA 12/27/1974 - "[Experimental investigations in guinea pigs on the therapy of gas gangrene with ozone. " 02/20/1976 - "[Further experimental investigations on the therapy of gas gangrene with ozone and oxygen (author's transl)]." 02/20/1976 - "In continuation of a recently-published investigation on the effect of intramuscular injections of an ozone-oxygen mixture on experimental gas gangrene in the guinea pig, 2 additional experiments were performed in order to establish the efficacy of the therapy when given twice daily instead of only once. "
10.	Succinic Acid (Succinate)IBA 11/01/1972 - "The concurrent effect of succinate administration to protect against oxygen toxicity and of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposures to treat model gas gangrene in mice was tested to determine whether succinate would interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of HBO. " 11/01/1972 - "Hyperbaric oxygen exposures at 3 and 4 atmospheres absolute pressure for experimental gas gangrene: succinate protection against oxygen toxicity."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hyperbaric Oxygenation 01/01/2013 - "The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy has remained a controversial issue, unless a patient has gas gangrene, caused by Clostridium species. " 08/01/2002 - "To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of orbital gas gangrene." 08/01/2002 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of orbital gas gangrene." 05/01/2002 - "[Gas gangrene and hyperbaric oxygenation--a lesson forgotten or never learned?]." 01/01/2000 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in gas gangrene seems to be life-, limb- and tissue saving. "
2.	Amputation 02/01/2003 - "Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is characterized by rapid tissue destruction, and amputation remains the single best treatment. " 12/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to examine any association between the presence of diabetes in patients with gas gangrene of the legs and mortality following major lower limb amputation. " 12/01/2008 - "Diabetes is associated with the necessity of amputation for gas gangrene resulting in a high mortality rate." 05/01/2006 - "Further, an adjunctive immunotherapeutic strategy targeting both gpIIbIIIa and CD62P may improve the tissue inflammatory response, prevent vascular occlusion, maintain tissue viability, and reduce the need for radical amputation in patients with clostridial gas gangrene." 01/01/2005 - "This paper describes gas gangrene case after limb amputation at 69-year-old man, treated for diabetes since several years. "
3.	Debridement 01/01/2013 - "It was utilized to reconstruct an extensive pelvic and hip defect following a massive gas gangrene with a prior debridement of other potential recipient vessels. " 04/01/2002 - "We report a 73-year-old woman with right pleural gas gangrene, treated successfully by thoracoscopic debridement. " 04/01/1971 - "Gas gangrene of the abdominal wall: management after extensive debridement." 09/01/1949 - "Gas gangrene; a review of the subject and a report of two cases successfully treated by extensive debridement." 03/01/2005 - "In addition, one deteriorating case showed gas gangrene regardless of repeated surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotic therapy; hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved this patient's condition. "
4.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of surgery, antibiotic treatment, surgical intensive care and especially the role of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of clostridial gas gangrene. " 01/01/1977 - "Beside intensive care and antibiotics, putrid infections demand an early extensive incision, for gas gangrene the radical excision of the damaged tissue is required. " 10/01/2007 - "Beside 2 patients suffering from Fournier's gangrene, 2 suffering from gas gangrene and 4 patients with severe carbon monoxide intoxications, all other intensive-care patients were treated for severe burns. "
5.	Intramuscular Injections 04/01/2012 - "We report a case of gas gangrene (GG) in a non-diabetic HIV seronegative man who died within 60 hours following an intramuscular injection in rural India. " 11/01/1999 - "Gas gangrene following intramuscular injection." 10/01/1988 - "Gas gangrene in a diabetic after intramuscular injection." 01/01/1982 - "Gas gangrene after intramuscular injection: report of two cases." 10/01/1978 - "Gas gangrene: following intramuscular injection of aqueous solution."