Galactose (Galactopyranose)

An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.

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Networked: 2114 relevant articles (68 outcomes, 190 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Novak, Jan: 32 articles (07/2015 - 03/2004)
2.	Julian, Bruce A: 25 articles (07/2015 - 03/2004)
3.	Suzuki, Hitoshi: 19 articles (08/2015 - 01/2007)
4.	Moldoveanu, Zina: 18 articles (12/2014 - 03/2005)
5.	Wyatt, Robert J: 16 articles (07/2015 - 02/2005)
6.	Fridovich-Keil, Judith L: 15 articles (01/2015 - 04/2005)
7.	Mestecky, Jiri: 13 articles (12/2014 - 02/2005)
8.	Kador, Peter F: 11 articles (03/2011 - 06/2002)
9.	Tomino, Yasuhiko: 9 articles (08/2015 - 01/2007)
10.	Berry, Gerard T: 9 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Cataract (Cataracts) 09/01/2006 - "The results indicate that natural dietary ingredients are effective in combination rather than the individual administration as they are complementing each other in reducing the risk of galactose induced cataract." 01/01/2015 - "This study appears to confirm that galactosemic cataract can be induced for 21-day SD rats by only drinking 12.5% to 10% galactose solution, and this model is simple, economical and stable as to meet the research needs. " 10/01/2009 - "Inhibitory Effect of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum on Galactose Induced Cataracts in a Rat Model; in vitro and in vivo Studies." 05/04/2009 - "Our study suggests that Hydrocotyl bonariensis protects against galactose-induced cataract, and that administration of the extract after cataract onset reduced cataract progression but did not reverse cataractogenesis." 09/01/2006 - "Because these results indicate that the UPR is activated in LECs along with the production of ROS and apoptosis during cataract formation in the galactose-fed rats, subsequent studies were conducted to determine the role of nonenzymatic glycation, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress on these biochemical processes. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2010 - "Our results demonstrated that cancer mitochondria confer a significant reduction in cell growth when cells are metabolically stressed in a galactose medium. " 08/10/2015 - "In this study, the multifunctional nanoparticles combining imaging and therapy for tumor-targeted delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs were prepared via self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers obtained using RAFT polymerization, specifically, acid-labile ortho ester and galactose. " 01/01/2015 - "In this study, a galactose (Gal)-based probe conjugated with fluorescence dye MPA (Gal-MPA) was constructed for the evaluation of tumor affinities/targeted ability on different tumor cell lines. " 01/01/2012 - " studies show that this chemically easily accessible molecule GSF, synthesized in three steps from 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan and benzoylated galactose imidate, is nontoxic and antagonizes cell physiological processes in vitro that are important for the dissemination and growth of tumor cells in vivo." 09/01/1991 - " Some studies find galactose to be toxic to oocytes which renders ovaries susceptible to cancer. "
3.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease) 11/01/1982 - "First-order clearance of plasma galactose: the effect of liver disease." 10/01/1996 - "The present study aimed to examine whether the galactose elimination capacity can be used to predict the survival of patients with advanced liver disease. " 02/01/1995 - "This HPLC method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of galactose in six patients with liver dysfunction. " 02/01/1995 - "Determination of galactose in human blood by high-performance liquid chromatography: comparison with an enzymatic method and application to the pharmacokinetic study of galactose in patients with liver dysfunction." 02/01/1988 - "The purpose of the study was to examine if these assumptions are fulfilled in subjects with no liver disease, and to compare the galactose clearance measurement with an independent measurement of liver blood flow. "
4.	Infection 03/01/2002 - "The general objective of the present study is to quantify antigalactosyl (alpha1 --> 3) galactose (anti-Gal) antibody levels in the cervical mucus of patients with/without human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and, as specific objectives, to compare these levels in the different HPV subgroups and with the presence of intraepithelial lesions. " 11/01/2015 - "Using quantitative RT-PCR, the expression pattern of these genes was monitored during sugar-induced (d-galactose feeding), infection-induced (Gram positive, Gram negative and non-pathogenic bacteria) and pesticide-induced oxidative stress (Bt Cry toxin). " 10/01/2015 - "We hypothesise that USP recycles galactose from the blood meal within the midgut of the insect for synthesis of the promastigote glycocalyx and thereby contributes to successful vector infection. " 01/01/2015 - "Intranasal mouse infection models of pneumococcal colonisation and disease showed that only mutants in galactose catabolic genes were attenuated. " 01/01/2015 - "Host glycan sugar-specific pathways in Streptococcus pneumoniae: galactose as a key sugar in colonisation and infection [corrected]."
5.	Memory Disorders (Memory Loss) 10/01/2014 - "However, whether IRN could also ameliorate the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced mouse memory deficits is still not clear. " 10/01/2013 - "These results suggest that a SOD1 and/or PRX2 supplement to aged mice could improve the memory deficits, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of D-galactose induced aged mice by reducing lipid peroxidation." 03/08/2006 - "var. bracteatum (Willd.), on memory deficits in senescent mice induced by consecutive injection of d-galactose and NaNO(2) for 60 days. " 12/01/2007 - "The results suggest that FLZ ameliorates memory deficits and pathological injury in artificially senescent mice induced by chronic injection of D-galactose and NaNO(2), indicating that FLZ is worth further studies for fighting antisenescence and dementia." 08/01/2008 - "d-galactose administration induces memory loss and energy metabolism disturbance in mice: protective effects of catalpol."

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2.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
3.	Indocyanine Green (Cardio-Green)
4.	Mannose (D-Mannose)
5.	Aldehyde Reductase (Aldose Reductase)
6.	Fucose
7.	sorbinil
8.	Curcumin
9.	polyol
10.	Sorbitol (Yal)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Injections
4.	Lenses
5.	Microbubbles