Gadolinium

Gadolinium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.

Networked: 5326 relevant articles (198 outcomes, 594 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Manning, Warren J: 29 articles (01/2016 - 04/2004)
2.	Pennell, Dudley J: 29 articles (05/2015 - 01/2003)
3.	Naganawa, Shinji: 26 articles (11/2015 - 03/2007)
4.	Nakashima, Tsutomu: 24 articles (01/2014 - 03/2007)
5.	Arai, Andrew E: 23 articles (01/2016 - 02/2002)
6.	Sone, Michihiko: 23 articles (11/2015 - 03/2007)
7.	Nagel, Eike: 22 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Lombardi, Massimo: 22 articles (10/2015 - 01/2005)
9.	Prasad, Sanjay K: 22 articles (12/2014 - 01/2005)
10.	Bluemke, David A: 21 articles (02/2016 - 05/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/1991 - "MRI, with its excellent contrast on T2 weighted and post-gadolinium sequences, is superior to CT for delineating tumor extension, the information essential for appropriate surgical intervention. " 03/01/2008 - "The image quality for T1-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced tumors was sufficiently good to enable us to evaluate the extent of tumor resection, whereas the T2-weighted image quality must be improved. " 03/01/2000 - "It is concluded that in our group of patients with hypervascular liver tumors and normal cardiac function, no significant improvement in tumor-to-liver contrast and enhancement during the arterial phase was found when gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a tailored scanning delay rather than with a fixed delay." 12/28/2013 - "7T T1w MRI at week 4 was able to detect non-leaky 100 μm sized lesions and leaky tumors with diameters down to 200 μm after contrast injection at week 5. PET imaging showed that (18)F-FLT (MW 244 Da) accumulated in the brain at week 4. Gadolinium-based MRI tracers (MW 559 Da and 2.066 kDa) extravasated after 5 weeks (tumor diameter 600 μm), and the lower MW agent cleared more rapidly from the tumor (mean apparent permeabilities 2.27 × 10(-5)cm/s versus 1.12 × 10(-5)cm/s). " 01/01/2010 - "These results indicate that while the ITC component is the ultimate barrier to cure for GBM, the pattern of spread and volumes of gadolinium-enhancing solid tumor are more robust indicators of prognosis."
2.	Cicatrix (Scar) 01/01/2010 - "The new gold standard for myocardial viability assessment is late gadolinium enhancement-cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR); this technique has demonstrated that the transmural extent of scar predicts segmental functional recovery. " 07/01/2015 - "Super-resolution reconstruction of late gadolinium-enhanced MRI for improved myocardial scar assessment." 02/01/2015 - "Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) imaging is the gold standard for myocardial scar evaluation. " 05/01/2014 - "The addition of first-pass stress perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement (scar) further improved diagnostic confidence (sensitivity 82.4%, specificity 95.8%, positive predictive value 93.3%, negative predictive value 88.5%, and diagnostic accuracy 90.2%). " 01/01/2014 - "Subsequently a clinical protocol was developed, to assess the feasibility of scar tissue detection with native T(1ρ)-mapping in patients (n = 21) with chronic MI, and correlated with gold standard late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR. "
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 12/01/2008 - "Gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3D MP-RAGE) imaging is superior to spin-echo imaging in delineating brain metastases." 11/01/2011 - "DW MR imaging is superior to T2WFSE imaging and equivalent to gadolinium chelate-enhanced MR imaging for the preoperative detection of hepatic metastases. " 09/01/2014 - "Single dose gadolinium (Gd) enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is helpful for visualizing superficial parenchymal metastases. " 01/01/2005 - "Our results showed that the addition of T2-weighted fast SE imaging to gadolinium-enhanced GRE imaging improved the observer performance in the detection of metastases." 03/01/1997 - "Liver metastases: improved detection with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging?"
4.	Multiple Sclerosis 11/08/2005 - "Gadolinium enhancement is often used in randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs in multiple sclerosis (MS). " 11/01/2000 - "Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MR imaging has greatly improved the understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and has provided robust outcome measures for monitoring MS activity. " 08/01/1997 - "To compare the efficacy of single-dose gadolinium with magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) with that of triple-dose gadolinium in detecting enhancing multiple sclerosis lesions. " 07/01/1994 - "Administration of triple-dose gadolinium provides increased lesion conspicuity and an improved lesion detection rate when compared to single-dose gadolinium in patients with multiple sclerosis." 03/01/2015 - "Studies of patients with multiple sclerosis suggest that MRI using SPIONs may have increased sensitivity over gadolinium for plaque detection. "
5.	Acoustic Neuroma (Acoustic Neurinoma) 12/01/1991 - "The early diagnosis of acoustic neuromas with the use of gadolinium-enhanced MRI may lead to better outcome following surgery. " 10/01/1998 - "Fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging techniques without gadolinium have been shown to be as effective in the detection of acoustic neuroma as contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. " 03/01/2000 - "Gadolinium enhanced MRI is the gold standard investigation for the detection of acoustic neuroma. " 09/01/1999 - "The improved cost-effectiveness of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRIg) as a diagnostic tool for vestibular schwannoma has resulted in smaller tumours being diagnosed. " 07/01/1994 - "Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the gold standard for diagnosis of an acoustic neuroma. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Gadolinium DTPA (Magnevist)
2.	Contrast Media
3.	Pentetic Acid (DTPA)
4.	ferumoxides (Feridex)
5.	gadobutrol
6.	gadobenic acid (gadobenate dimeglumine)
7.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
8.	Boron
9.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
10.	gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Injections
3.	Catheters
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
5.	Stents