Freemartinism

A condition occurring in the female offspring of dizygotic twins (TWIN, DIZYGOTIC) in a mixed-sex pregnancy, usually in CATTLE. Freemartinism can occur in other mammals. When placental fusion between the male and the female FETUSES permits the exchange of fetal cells and fetal hormones, TESTICULAR HORMONES from the male fetus can androgenize the female fetus producing a sterile XX/XY chimeric "female"(CHIMERISM).

Networked: 8 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lee, C Y: 1 article (10/2007)
2.	Cho, E J: 1 article (10/2007)
3.	Sohn, S H: 1 article (10/2007)
4.	Son, W J: 1 article (10/2007)
5.	Buoen, Lance C: 1 article (09/2006)
6.	McNiel, Elizabeth A: 1 article (09/2006)
7.	Treeful, Amy E: 1 article (09/2006)
8.	Madrill, Nicole J: 1 article (09/2006)
9.	Weber, Alvin F: 1 article (09/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Freemartinism:

1.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 10/15/1999 - "XX/XY chimerism and freemartinism in a female llama co-twin to a male." 05/15/1994 - "A total of 727 blood samples from female calves born co-twin to male calves were examined cytogenetically for freemartinism between 1978 and 1992. " 06/01/1993 - "Despite this, there is no masculinization (freemartinism) in females which develop next to a male co-twin. "
2.	HormonesIBA 02/01/1995 - "Development of the gubernaculum and processus vaginalis in freemartinism: further evidence in support of a specific fetal testis hormone governing male-specific gubernacular development." 01/01/1988 - "Anti-müllerian hormone and freemartinism: inhibition of germ cell development and induction of seminiferous cord-like structures in rat fetal ovaries exposed in vitro to purified bovine AMH."
3.	AmelogeninIBA 09/01/2006 - "A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which detects a sex-based polymorphism in the bovine amelogenin locus was modified and compared to conventional cytogenetic analysis for diagnosis of freemartinism (XX/XY chimerism) in cattle. " 09/01/2006 - "Comparison of cytogenetics and polymerase chain reaction based detection of the amelogenin gene polymorphism for the diagnosis of freemartinism in cattle."
4.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 10/15/2007 - "Diagnosis of bovine freemartinism by fluorescence in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei using a bovine Y chromosome-specific DNA probe."
5.	Blood Group Antigens (Blood Groups)IBA 07/01/1970 - "The fetuses, foals, fetal membranes and blood groups of parents and foals were examined in order to determine the incidence of chorio-vascular anastomosis, blood chimaerism and freemartinism. "