Free Radicals

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

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Networked: 6115 relevant articles (169 outcomes, 577 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Mason, Ronald P: 10 articles (10/2015 - 11/2002)
2.	Reiter, Russel J: 9 articles (09/2014 - 02/2002)
3.	Das, Undurti N: 8 articles (12/2013 - 07/2003)
4.	Sener, Göksel: 8 articles (01/2009 - 03/2002)
5.	Delivoria-Papadopoulos, Maria: 8 articles (07/2008 - 01/2002)
6.	Buonocore, Giuseppe: 7 articles (01/2014 - 06/2007)
7.	Mishra, Om P: 7 articles (10/2012 - 01/2002)
8.	Rahman, Irfan: 7 articles (05/2012 - 08/2002)
9.	Reiter, R J: 7 articles (01/2010 - 03/2001)
10.	Chen, Chau-Fong: 7 articles (11/2009 - 01/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Reperfusion Injury 12/01/1993 - "This study lends direct support to the theory that free radicals are generated during myocardial reperfusion and may result in reperfusion injury." 07/01/1991 - "This work studies the ischemic/reperfusion injury (I/R) in relationship to the production of free radicals from activated neutrophils. " 12/01/2015 - "Free radicals are involved in the development of reperfusion injuries. " 05/01/2015 - "Environmentally persistent free radicals compromise left ventricular function during ischemia/reperfusion injury." 01/01/2015 - "The pathogenesis of RPE is probably related to histological changes of the lung parenchyma and reperfusion-damage by free radicals leading to an increased vascular permeability. "
2.	Ischemia 01/01/2001 - "A quantitative analysis may provide an important tool to detect even relatively small levels of free radicals in the tissues, and to evaluate the relative efficacy of various therapeutic agents in the inhibition of free radical generation following ischemia and reperfusion." 06/01/2005 - "The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum could be one of the potential targets of free radicals generated in ischemia/reperfusion, thus causing a reduced efficacy of the system required for HUFA biosynthesis. " 12/01/2000 - "Experimental studies have shown that DanShen dilated coronary arteries, increased coronary blood flow, and scavenged free radicals in ischemic diseases, so that it reduced the cellular damage from ischemia and improved heart functions. " 06/01/2008 - "We used Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence analysis to determine if ischemic preconditioning performed before an ischemic insult renders protection against later ischemia, by analyzing reductions in damage done by free radicals to LDL. " 01/01/2013 - "Studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) produces free radicals leading to lipid peroxidation and damage to skeletal muscle. "
3.	Inflammation 03/01/2006 - "This hypothesis is based on the following observations: (a) oxidative damage is associated with diseases and clinical conditions potentially leading to disability and mortality; (b) oxidative damage is associated with platelet activation, and a vicious cycle involving oxidative damage, platelet activation, and inflammation has been demonstrated in several metabolic disorders potentially leading to mobility disability; (c) the age-related physical decline may be associated to the oxidative damage due to the excess of free radicals; (d) antioxidant defense and behavioral factors (e.g., physical activity, dietary restriction, smoking cessation) play an important role in the reduction of oxidative damage levels and are associated with improved physical performance and muscle strength." 06/01/2000 - "The drug combination is more effective in inhibiting inflammation and scavenging free radicals." 09/01/2012 - "We examined the possibility that concurrent blockade of free radicals and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-mediated inflammation might constitute a safe and effective therapeutic approach to ALS. " 05/30/2014 - "Further studies will be necessary to understand the contribution of eNOS to the increases in NO associated with bladder inflammation, or that of free radicals." 04/01/2014 - "Recent studies have uncovered important aging clues, including free radicals, inflammation, telomeres, and life span pathways. "
4.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease) 09/01/1999 - "These results provide evidence that intact, enzymatically active PUT-CAT is efficiently delivered to the nervous system following iv, ip, and sc administration and suggest that sc administration of PUT-CAT may be effective in treating neurodegenerative disorders in which the underlying mechanisms involve the action of free radicals and oxidative damage." 03/01/2015 - "Inula helenium has been reported to contain a large amount of phenolic compounds, which have shown promise in scavenging free radicals and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. " 01/01/2012 - "Since free radicals are essential for brain physiological processes and pathological degeneration, research focusing on the possible influence of the EMFs-driven oxidative stress is still in progress, especially in the light of recent studies suggesting that EMFs may contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. " 01/01/2009 - "Several studies demonstrated the involvement of free radicals in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. " 01/01/2015 - "Similarly, free radicals are implicated in the progression of various diseases like neurodegenerative disorders. "
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 12/31/2012 - "It is a matter of intense discussion whether the drug-induced production of free radicals limits the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutics and enhances their toxicity or whether they may be enhanced to provoke cancer cell apoptosis. " 07/01/2015 - "Numerous studies have suggested that DIM has several beneficial biological activities, including elimination of free radicals, antioxidant and anti-angiogenic effects and activation of apoptosis of various tumor cells. " 01/01/2015 - "The current study highlights the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of the previously-synthesized hydrazone derivatives against various free radicals and human cancer cell lines, respectively. " 04/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to refine the LC/MS and spin trapping technique to make it possible for the association between free radicals and cancer cell growth to be directly tested. " 01/01/2011 - "The present study investigated the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity against various free radicals, and antiproliferative effect on several cancer cell lines of extracts of flesh and peel of white and red pitayas, collected from Jeju Island, Korea. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Oxygen
2.	Antioxidants
3.	Superoxide Dismutase
4.	Enzymes
5.	Oxidants (Oxidizing Agents)
6.	Aldehydes
7.	Hydroxyl Radical
8.	Lipid Peroxides
9.	Excitatory Amino Acids
10.	Iron

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lung Transplantation
2.	Ligation
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Oral Administration
5.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy)