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Fluorouracil (Carac)

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A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

Also Known As:

Carac; 5 Fluorouracil; 5-Fluorouracil; Adrucil; Efudex; Fluoroplex; 5-FU; 5-FU Lederle; 5-FU medac; 5-Fluorouracil-biosyn; 5-HU Hexal; 5FU; Allergan Brand of Fluorouracil; CSP Brand of Fluorouracil; Dakota Brand of Fluorouracil; Dermatech Brand of Fluorouracil; Dermik Brand of Fluorouracil; Efudix; Ferrer Brand of Fluorouracil; Fluoro-Uracile ICN; Fluorouracil Mononitrate; Fluorouracil Monopotassium Salt; Fluorouracil Monosodium Salt; Fluorouracil Potassium Salt; Fluorouracil-GRY; Fluorouracile Dakota; Fluorouracilo Ferrer Far; Fluoruracil; Fluracedyl; Flurodex; Gry Brand of Fluorouracil; Haemato Brand of Fluorouracil; Haemato-fu; Hexal Brand of Fluorouracil; ICN Brand of Fluorouracil; Neocorp Brand of Fluorouracil; Neofluor; Onkofluor; Onkoworks Brand of Fluorouracil; Pharmachemie Brand of Fluorouracil Monosodium Salt; Ribofluor; Riemser Brand of Fluorouracil; Roche Brand of Fluorouracil; Teva Brand of Fluorouracil; biosyn Brand of Fluorouracil; medac Brand of Fluorouracil; ribosepharm Brand of Fluorouracil; 5 FU Lederle; 5 FU medac; 5 Fluorouracil biosyn; 5 HU Hexal; Dakota, Fluorouracile; Fluoro Uracile ICN; Fluorouracil GRY; Fluorouracil Teva Brand; Haemato fu; 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-fluoro-

Networked: 18539 relevant articles (2088 outcomes, 4828 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- 1-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Pyrimidines: 319
    - Pyrimidinones: 14
      - Uracil: 1106
        Fluorouracil: 18539
        capecitabine: 2883
        Tegafur: 1260
        XELOX: 248
        1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil: 149
        Regimen B: 97
        Folfox protocol: 85
        CMF regimen: 39
        CMFVP protocol: 36
        FPEPIR regimen: 25
        Emitefur: 22
        1-(2'-tetrahydrothienyl)-5-fluorouracil-1'-oxide: 18
        AMF protocol: 9
        CMF protocol: 8
        CF regimen: 7
        UK 25: 7
        CAF protocol: 6
        1-(ethoxycarbonyloxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil: 5
        FAP protocol: 5
        FEN protocol: 5
        FIM protocol: 5
        hexa CAF protocol: 5
        IFL protocol: 5
        ViFuP protocol: 5
        5-fluorodihydrouracil: 4
        CMFPT protocol: 4
        FLEP regimen: 4
        OGT 719: 4
        1-(phenoxycarbonyloxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil: 3
        1-ethoxymethyl-5-fluorouracil: 3
        CMF-B protocol: 3
        ELFE regimen: 3
        1-phthalidyl-5-fluorouracil: 2
        6-fluorouracil: 2
        capecitabine-irinotecan combination: 2
        CF protocol: 2
        FAM protocol: 2
        FUFOX regimen: 2
        HLFP regimen: 2
        methyl 1-(5-fluoro-1H-2-oxopyrimidin-4-yl)-beta-D- glucopyranuronate: 2
        N3-o-toluyl-fluorouracil: 2
        PBMF protocol: 2
        PMUE protocol 2: 2
        TAC 278: 2
        1-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-5-fluorouracil: 1
        1-((3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-isopropoxy)propyl)-5-fluorouracil: 1
        1-((3-(3-chloro-2-hydroxyproxy)-1-methoxy)propyl)-5-fluorouracil: 1
        1-(5'-hydroxyhexylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil: 1
        1-acetyl-3,2-toluyl-5-fluorouracil: 1
        2'-deoxy-2'-18F-fluoro-5-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil: 1
        atofluding: 1
        B 3839: 1
        COF protocol: 1
        FAMe protocol: 1
        FEM protocol: 1
        FEMTX-P protocol: 1
        FILM protocol: 1
        FLAP regimen: 1
        FLEP protocol: 1
        FMN regimen: 1
        half protocol: 1
        KAS 011: 1
        magnizil: 1
        MFL protocol: 1
        MOF protocol: 1
        N4SE protocol: 1
        OFU 001: 1
        PFL protocol: 1
        PIAF regimen: 1
        technetium 99m 5-fluorouracil: 1
        1,3-didecanoyl-2-(6-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)carbonylamino)glyceride
        1-((1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl)-5-fluorouracil
        1-((2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-5-fluorouracil
        1-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-5-fluorouracil
        1-((6-chlorohexyloxy)methyl)-5-fluorouracil
        1-(2'-tetrahydrothienyl) 5-fluorouracil
        1-(2'-tetrahydrothienyl)-5 fluorouracil-1-'1'-dioxide
        1-(2,4-dioxo-5-fluoro-(1H,3H)-pyrimidin-1-yl)-2-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-buten-4-olidylidene)ethane
        1-(3-carboxypropylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil
        1-(5'-fluoro-6'-hydroxy-5',6'-dihydrouracil-5'-yl)-5-fluorouracil
        1-(5'-oxohexylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil
        1-(carboxypropylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil lipolyl ester
        1-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorouracil
        1-carboxylmethyl-5-fluorouracil
        1-phenethylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil
        2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-chloro-1-arabinofuranosyluracil
        2-(4-(2-(5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetoxy)-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochroman-3-yl-2-(5-fluoro-2-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetate
        2-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-3-(uracil-1-yl)-1,4-dioxane
        3-acetyl-5-fluorouracil
        3alpha,17alpha,21-trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one-bis-5-fluorouracil
        4-deoxy-5-fluorouracil
        5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl-2-(5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydroxypyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetate
        5-fluoro-1-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)uracil
        5-fluoro-1-(3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-O-trityl-glycero-hex-3-eno-pyranos-2-ulosyl)
        5-fluoro-3-oxauracil
        5-fluorouracil dideoxyribonucleoside monophosphate
        5-fluorouracil glucuronamide
        5-fluorouracil glucuronide
        5-fluorouracil tromethamine
        5-fluorouracil-poly-alpha,beta-(2-hydroxyethyl)asparamide
        5-fluorouracil-polysiloxane condensate

Experts

1.	Fukushima, Masakazu: 61 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Goldberg, Richard M: 59 articles (04/2015 - 03/2002)
3.	Nagano, Hiroaki: 44 articles (11/2014 - 01/2002)
4.	Boku, Narikazu: 43 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Van Cutsem, Eric: 39 articles (12/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	de Gramont, Aimery: 38 articles (12/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Cunningham, D: 38 articles (06/2013 - 03/2000)
8.	Monden, Morito: 36 articles (02/2012 - 01/2002)
9.	André, Thierry: 35 articles (12/2015 - 01/2003)
10.	Shimada, Yasuhiro: 35 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer) 01/01/1986 - "5-Fluorouracil as a single agent has shown the best results to date, and is the treatment of first choice but no treatment has been shown to prolong survival unequivocally in colorectal cancer. " 08/01/2000 - "Synergistic with 5-FU in colorectal cancer (CRC), the combination has proven efficacy in 5-FU-resistant advanced disease and in previously untreated CRC, as demonstrated in controlled phase III trials, while evaluation in the adjuvant setting is ongoing. " 04/01/1996 - "Although no optimal combination dose schedule of LV is well known, randomized studies have shown improved activity of 5-FU modulation by LV over 5-FU alone for advanced colorectal cancer doubled the response rate by monotherapy (20-25%) vs 10-15%). " 06/01/1995 - "From the present study, l-LV and 5-FU combination therapy seems to be a very promising and useful treatment for patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma." 10/01/2009 - "The MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms probably do not predict efficacy of adjuvant 5-FU treatment in colorectal cancer after complete resection; however, the 677C>T polymorphism may be associated with lower toxicity in 5-FU treatment. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 04/01/2004 - "Combined treatment with 5-FU and AxE1AdB-UPRT dramatically reduced the disseminated tumor burden without causing toxicity in normal tissues. " 06/30/2000 - "Effective treatment of certain cancers with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irradiation is well established; however, the most effective combination of these agents remains controversial. " 09/01/1999 - "DPD activity is highly variable in cancer populations, and this variation may influence the antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil. " 09/01/1987 - "To date, HDFA + 5-FU is one of the most effective treatments for large bowel cancer." 01/01/1996 - "Several studies suggest that protracted continuous infusion constitutes an important way to optimize the dose and the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in metastatic cancer. "
3.	Stomach Neoplasms (Stomach Cancer) 05/01/2003 - "Based on its remarkable effectiveness, marked improvement in the quality of life of the patients, and the convenience of its administration, the I/low-P regimen is recommended as a promising second-line chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with metastatic gastric cancer resistant to 5-FU." 09/01/1989 - "The fact that MMC, ADM, and 5-Fu are most effective in the treatment of gastric cancer suggests that the cell line MGc 80-3 may still retain its original drug sensitivity which is consistent with that noted in clinical gastric cancer. " 07/01/2015 - "S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil, has showed very effective in metastatic gastric cancer and became the standard option for gastric cancer with D2 dissection. " 04/01/1992 - "However, in gastric cancer, 5-FU/FA and 5-FU/IFN seem to induce higher complete and overall remission rates in advanced gastric cancer compared with 5-FU alone. " 06/01/1990 - "Thus, a randomized comparison of FAM with FAM-CF would not determine whether CF modulation increases the efficacy of 5-FU when it is administered in optimal doses to patients with gastric cancer."
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 03/01/1995 - "When 5-fluorouracil was injected at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day every other day after the inoculation of tumour cells a highly significant reduction in the incidence of metastases was seen (compared with the controls). " 04/01/2000 - "This randomized study revealed that short term HAI of 5-FU after curative resection of colorectal hepatic metastases is effective in preventing the recurrence of disease without any serious complications." 10/01/2003 - "Arterial infusion therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was given at 1,500 mg every 2 weeks up to a total dose of 37.5 g, resulting in complete remission (CR) of the liver metastases. " 09/01/1996 - "A total dose of 1,150 mg of MTX and 6,250 mg of 5-FU caused a marked decrease in the volume of liver metastases and the effect remained for 8 months (partial response). " 04/12/1996 - "Of 120 patients receiving a combination of rIL-2, rIFN-alpha 2 and 5-FU, 13 patients achieved a complete and 34 a partial remission (lung, liver, local relapse, bone, adrenal, pleural, and thyroid metastases; overall response 39%). "
5.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 04/01/2015 - "The remarkable anticancer therapeutic efficacy with negligible toxicity profile of 5-FU NP makes it one of the possible alternative for the successful breast cancer therapy." 07/01/2010 - "5-FU is more effective in combination with the TS-reducing action of Rap, even for highly HER2-expressing breast cancer cells." 08/01/2000 - "The protracted continuous infusion (PCI) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has proven in several studies an active and well tolerated treatment for advanced, pretreated breast cancer. " 06/01/2012 - "Potent combination therapy for human breast tumors with high doses of 5-fluorouracil: remission and lack of host toxicity." 01/01/1995 - "Randomized trial comparing conventional intravenous bolus FEC and FEC with high-dose infusional 5-fluorouracil as first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Leucovorin (Folinic Acid)
2.	Cisplatin (Platino)
3.	oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
4.	irinotecan (Camptosar)
5.	Fluorouracil (Carac)
6.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
7.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
8.	Methotrexate (Mexate)
9.	Mitomycin (Mitomycin-C)
10.	capecitabine (Xeloda)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy)
3.	Adjuvant Chemotherapy
4.	Radiotherapy
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)