Flunarizine

Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.

Also Known As:

Networked: 749 relevant articles (139 outcomes, 151 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Evers, S: 4 articles (09/2009 - 02/2002)
2.	Goadsby, P J: 3 articles (01/2018 - 06/2006)
3.	Muthuraman, Arunachalam: 3 articles (04/2015 - 01/2011)
4.	Gracia-Naya, M: 3 articles (03/2012 - 12/2005)
5.	Zhang, Yan: 3 articles (08/2011 - 04/2009)
6.	Sun, Wei: 2 articles (04/2022 - 01/2022)
7.	Li, Wei: 2 articles (02/2021 - 01/2009)
8.	De Grandis, Elisa: 2 articles (01/2021 - 06/2014)
9.	Stagnaro, Michela: 2 articles (01/2021 - 06/2014)
10.	Terwindt, Gisela M: 2 articles (12/2020 - 01/2018)

Related Diseases

1.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine) 01/01/1990 - "The results showed remarkable efficacy of long-term prophylaxis with flunarizine, and the response was better in younger patients with a short history of migraine." 06/01/2009 - "There is no significant difference in improving the physical and psychological health of the migraine patients between acupuncture and Flunarizine Hydrochloride, and acupuncture is more effective in reducing the migraine attack days." 01/01/1986 - "Since flunarizine seems to be effective in migraine prevention it may exert a beneficial influence on rCBF in migraine as well. " 09/19/2023 - "Further, modern-day, large-scale studies would be valuable in re-evaluating the efficacy of flunarizine for the treatment of migraines, offering additional insights into its potential benefits." 01/01/2020 - "The overall meta-analysis indicated that, when compared to flunarizine, CHM reduced the frequency of migraine attacks at the end of treatment (EoT) (21 studies, mean difference (MD) -1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-1.69, -0.76)) and at the end of follow-up (EoFU) (five studies, MD -0.96, 95% CI (-1.70, -0.21)). "
2.	Headache (Headaches) 05/01/1985 - "There was a significant reduction in Headache Unit Index (HUI) and Headache Unit Index Corrected (HUIC) (42% and 40.5% respectively) in the flunarizine-treated group but not in the placebo group. " 05/01/1985 - "Children treated with flunarizine experienced a statistically significant reduction in headache (66%) and duration (51%). " 06/01/1992 - "Flunarizine is effective in prophylaxis of headache associated with scleroderma." 01/15/1987 - "Based on the positive results of these studies, we liked to investigate the efficiency and tolerability of Flunarizine also in a sample on n = 44 adults Austrian patients recruited from the Headache-Ambulance of the Neurological Department, University of Vienna. " 05/01/1985 - "Efficacy of flunarizine versus placebo was assessed on the basis of the reduction of headache frequency and duration. "
3.	Seizures (Absence Seizure) 10/01/1986 - "During treatment with flunarizine we observed the following: 7 cases--no effect on number or severity of seizures; 2 cases--moderate results; 5 cases--good results." 01/01/1992 - "Flunarizine also decreased the severity of behavioral seizures, with 40% of the animals displaying Stage 1-2 seizures only. " 07/01/1986 - "Protection against sound-induced seizures was observed after intraperitoneal administration of flunarizine (5-40 mg/kg). " 01/01/1995 - "As a participating center in this study we investigated the effect of higher doses of open-label flunarizine on seizure frequency in 16 patients with refractory partial seizures. " 01/01/1995 - "In a recent NIH-sponsored parallel-group placebo-controlled blinded study of flunarizine for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, the flunarizine serum concentration was controlled to a constant level among patients in order to reduce response variability. "
4.	Epilepsy (Aura) 08/01/2023 - "This case highlights the importance of considering ATP1A3 mutations in the differential diagnosis of early-onset epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia and the potential benefit of flunarizine in improving language and coordination development in patients with ATP1A3-related disorders." 10/01/2007 - "The mainstays of treatment have been flunarizine, antiepilepsy drugs for the 50% of patients with epilepsy, attempts to avoid trigger situations, and the rapid encouragement of sleep when attacks begin. " 05/01/1989 - "We report a double blinded cross-over study involving Flunarizine versus placebo in the treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy. " 05/01/1989 - "Flunarizine as a supplementary medication in refractory childhood epilepsy: a double-blind crossover study." 05/01/1987 - "Twenty patients affected with a form of epilepsy resistant to treatment received 10 to 20 mg of flunarizine per day in addition to the anti-epileptic medication. "
5.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 03/01/1983 - "Flunarizine given orally at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg 5 hr before mild hypoxia and at doses of 40 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg 5 hr before severe hypoxia, led to a significant reduction of ischaemic and severe cell change. " 01/01/1988 - "Flunarizine is particularly effective in the cerebral blood vessels, also when they are hyperreactive because of hypoxia. " 05/01/1985 - "Therefore, a study was made to show whether flunarizine affected hypoxia-induced alterations in synaptic function in slices of hippocampus held in vitro. " 10/01/1998 - "We examined the effects on spreading depression (SD) induced by a brief period of hypoxia (40 to 60 sec) in rat hippocampal slices, the cortical hypoperfusion and cortical c-Fos-like immunoreactivity that follow KCl-induced SD in anesthetized rats as compared with those of flunarizine. " 12/01/1993 - "Long-term effects of postnatal hypoxia and flunarizine on the dopaminergic system."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Topiramate (Topamax)
2.	Propranolol (Inderal)
3.	Calcium
4.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)
5.	Nimodipine (Modus)
6.	Valproic Acid (Depakote)
7.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
8.	Therapeutic Uses
9.	Calcium Channel Blockers (Blockers, Calcium Channel)
10.	Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Electroacupuncture
3.	Intravenous Administration
4.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation)
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)