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Fetomaternal Transfusion

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Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Fetomaternal Hemorrhage; Fetomaternal Hemorrhages; Fetomaternal Transfusions; Hemorrhages, Fetomaternal; Transfusion, Fetomaternal; Transfusions, Fetomaternal; Hemorrhage, Fetomaternal

Networked: 107 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 4 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Anemia
2.	Rh Isoimmunization
3.	Ectopic Pregnancy
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)

Experts

1.	Berkowicz, Adela: 3 articles (03/2011 - 11/2006)
2.	Minakami, Hisanori: 2 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
3.	Simetka, O: 2 articles (04/2013 - 06/2012)
4.	Lubusky, Marek: 2 articles (09/2012 - 03/2010)
5.	Hermann, Christine: 2 articles (03/2012 - 01/2009)
6.	Scholz, Christoph: 2 articles (03/2012 - 01/2009)
7.	Kainer, Franz: 2 articles (03/2012 - 01/2009)
8.	Friese, Klaus: 2 articles (03/2012 - 01/2009)
9.	Kachler, Andrea: 2 articles (03/2012 - 01/2009)
10.	Horváth, E: 2 articles (09/2011 - 03/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Fetomaternal Transfusion:

1.	Rho(D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM)IBA 01/01/1988 - "Results indicate improved accuracy and precision relative to the standard technique in significantly less time for volumes of fetomaternal hemorrhage requiring more than the standard dose of Rho(D)-immune globulin." 09/01/2005 - "This study evaluated fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in 343 postpartum patients who required prophylaxis of Rh alloimmunization with anti-D immunoglobulin. " 07/01/2015 - "In order to determine the appropriate dose of anti-D immunoglobulin to be administered as a preventive measure against hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn in the subsequent pregnancy it is necessary to assess the number of fetal red blood cells that infiltrate/penetrate into the maternal circulation as a result of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). " 12/01/2012 - "The result of the acid-elution assay is converted to an estimation of the volume of the fetomaternal hemorrhage, which is the basis for calculating the dose of Rh immune globulin. " 04/01/2012 - "The prevention of Rhesus D alloimmunization through Rh immune globulin (RhIg) administration is the major indication for the accurate detection and quantification of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). "
2.	RHO(D) antibody (anti-D)IBA 08/01/2008 - "Few data exist on the kinetics of clearance of large volumes of D+ RBCs from the maternal circulation by anti-D in clinical cases of massive fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). " 08/01/2008 - "Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage: clearance of fetal red blood cells after intravenous anti-D prophylaxis monitored by flow cytometry." 07/01/2015 - "The flow cytometric test with anti-D and anti-CD45 is useful in the assessment of the fetomaternal hemorrhage in RhD negative women. " 05/01/2014 - "Quantitation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is performed to determine the dose of prophylactic anti-D (RhIG) required to prevent D immunization of D- women. " 01/01/2011 - "A woman with a severe Rho-incompatible pregnancy had experienced frequent pregnancies with fetomaternal transfusion without receiving RhIg and had high anti-D antibody titers present from early pregnancy. "
3.	Fetal Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin F)IBA 03/01/2009 - "We sought to identify prenatal predictive factors for perinatal outcome and to estimate fetal hemoglobin (Hb) levels in large fetomaternal hemorrhages (transfused blood volume [TBV] > 20 mL) by performing a case-series study ( N = 32). " 02/01/2013 - "The elevated level of hemoglobin F (HbF) in the maternal blood accounted for 4.6% (normal≦0.5%), and was indicative of the presence of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). " 01/16/2013 - "Changes in hemoglobin F levels in pregnant women unaffected by clinical fetomaternal hemorrhage." 05/01/2012 - "Fetomaternal hemorrhage was confirmed via Kleihauer-Betke test, and fetal hemoglobin levels were determined soon after birth. " 04/01/2010 - "Fetal hemoglobin was 7.6g/dl and Kleihauher exam revealed fetomaternal hemorrhage. "
4.	AntigensIBA 06/01/2011 - "Advances in diagnosis and management are described, from identification of the alloimmunized pregnancy by maternal ABO and Rh typing, antibody screen (indirect Coombs test), identification and titration; laboratory evaluation of the maternal-fetal unit with a critical maternal antibody titer to prompt fetal antigen status determination; assessment of fetomaternal hemorrhage by conventional Kleihauer-Betke testing or by flow cytometric methodology; to antenatal management of isoimmunization and fetal status assessments using the systems of Liley, Queenan, and serial Doppler fetal middle cerebral artery peak velocity measurements. " 01/01/2010 - "As the rosette screen targets the D antigen, it is not suitable for detecting a fetomaternal hemorrhage in D+ mothers or when the D type of the fetus or newborn is D– or unknown. " 01/01/2010 - "Transplacental or fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) may occur during pregnancy or at delivery and lead to immunization to the D antigen if the mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive. " 01/01/1990 - "Fetomaternal hemorrhage secondary to chorionic villus biopsy has the potential to accelerate fetal hemolytic disease in the pregnant patient previously sensitized to red cell antigens. " 10/01/2002 - "In immunohematology, flow cytometry is a very powerful approach to the study of mixed red cell populations (hematopoietic chimerism, transfusion or bone marrow transplantation), the detection of low frequency cell populations (reticulocytes, fetomaternal hemorrhage) and the quantitative analysis of red blood cell antigens."
5.	gamma-GlobinsIBA 04/01/2004 - "Further study in pregnant women after 9 weeks of gestation is necessary to evaluate the potential of gamma-globin mRNA as a marker for fetomaternal hemorrhage." 06/01/2004 - "fDNA and mRNA gamma globin measurement may have clinical utility as markers for fetomaternal hemorrhage in the late first trimester. "
6.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 04/01/2004 - "Further study in pregnant women after 9 weeks of gestation is necessary to evaluate the potential of gamma-globin mRNA as a marker for fetomaternal hemorrhage." 06/01/2004 - "fDNA and mRNA gamma globin measurement may have clinical utility as markers for fetomaternal hemorrhage in the late first trimester. "
7.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Assessment of fetomaternal hemorrhage by Kleihauer-Betke test, flow cytometry and α-fetoprotein after invasive obstetric procedures." 09/01/2011 - "The extent of fetomaternal transfusion was calculated on the basis of the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level changes. " 03/01/2004 - "To compare the incidence and detect the volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) during first-trimester abortion with the Kleihauer-Betke test (KBT) and rise in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). " 03/01/2004 - "Detecting fetomaternal hemorrhage after first-trimester abortion with the Kleihauer-Betke test and rise in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein." 03/01/2001 - "Fetomaternal transfusion was calculated by using the measurements of the maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein before and after the procedure. "
8.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 09/01/2014 - "Effect of neonatal hemoglobin concentration on long-term outcome of infants affected by fetomaternal hemorrhage." 01/01/2014 - "Following delivery, the neonate's initial hemoglobin was 4.0 g/dL and the maternal KB ratio was 0.015 indicative of a significant fetomaternal hemorrhage. " 06/01/2013 - "From the multicentered databases of Intermountain Healthcare, we obtained records of all neonates with hematocrit (Hct) <30% or hemoglobin (Hgb) <10 g dl(-1) on the day of birth, who had Kleihauer-Betke staining or flow cytometric evidence of fetomaternal hemorrhage. " 09/01/2005 - "Using the frequency of fetal movement and the fetal heart monitoring pattern, together with detecting fetal hemoglobin in maternal blood circulation by the Kleihauer-Betke test and hemoglobin electrophoresis, fetomaternal hemorrhage can be detected earlier and provide for better fetal outcomes."
9.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2004 - "Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage and oxytocin contraction test: case report and review." 08/01/2002 - "[Massive fetomaternal transfusion after induction of labor by oxytocin]." 01/25/1979 - " Other factors, e.g., parity, age, and the use of oxytocin during subsequent curettage, show no relationship to the volume of fetomaternal transfusion. "
10.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 04/01/2015 - "Evaluation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in the immediate postpartum period is critical for the timely administration of Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) prophylaxis to minimize the risk of alloimmunization in D-negative mothers of D-positive newborns. " 08/01/2001 - "D- patients may receive Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) before blood samples are taken for estimation of the volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) by flow cytometry. " 02/01/2006 - "In most industrialized countries, a systematic prevention policy is applied with immunoglobulin injections for the above cited situations and during the third trimester to cover the risk of spontaneous occult fetomaternal hemorrhage occurring at the end of pregnancy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intrauterine Blood Transfusion 07/01/1995 - "This report presents a pregnancy with fetomaternal hemorrhage that was treated with serial combined intravascular and intraperitoneal fetal transfusions, resulting in a good outcome. " 08/01/2011 - "The Kleihauer-Betke test, the reference method for identifying fetomaternal hemorrhage, cannot be used after intrauterine transfusion, because the adult red blood cells used for transfusion cannot be distinguished from maternal red blood cells. " 08/01/2011 - "Small-volume fetomaternal hemorrhage is frequently observed after intrauterine transfusion. " 07/01/1995 - "Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage treated with serial combined intravascular and intraperitoneal fetal transfusions." 08/01/2011 - "Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage secondary to intrauterine transfusion led to fetal hemorrhagic stroke. "
2.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow) 10/01/2002 - "In immunohematology, flow cytometry is a very powerful approach to the study of mixed red cell populations (hematopoietic chimerism, transfusion or bone marrow transplantation), the detection of low frequency cell populations (reticulocytes, fetomaternal hemorrhage) and the quantitative analysis of red blood cell antigens."
3.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 09/01/2012 - "The objective was to determine the incidence and volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in normal vaginal delivery and in delivery by cesarean section. " 09/01/2012 - "Fetomaternal hemorrhage in normal vaginal delivery and in delivery by cesarean section." 03/01/2011 - "To investigate the degree of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) caused by elective cesarean section. " 03/01/2011 - "Fetomaternal hemorrhage in women undergoing elective cesarean section." 08/01/2010 - "A postpartum Kleihauer value of > 0.5% was found to be predicted by antepartum risks for fetomaternal hemorrhage (OR 29.1; 95% CI 12.9 to 65.5), and Caesarean section (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.42). "
4.	Fetal Version (External Cephalic Version) 01/01/2009 - "Flowcytometric assessment of fetomaternal hemorrhage during external cephalic version at term." 07/01/2008 - "The risk of detectable fetomaternal hemorrhage during external cephalic version was 2.4%, with fetomaternal hemorrhage more than 30 mL in less than 0.1% of cases. " 07/01/2008 - "To estimate the frequency and volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage during external cephalic version for term breech singleton fetuses and to identify risk factors involved with this complication. " 07/01/2008 - "Fetomaternal hemorrhage during external cephalic version." 01/01/2006 - "Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage following failed external cephalic version: case report."
5.	Induced Abortion (Induced Abortions) 11/14/1971 - "[The effect of induced abortion on fetomaternal transfusion]." 03/01/2003 - "In this article we review the existing medical literature to assess the risks of fetomaternal hemorrhage and Rh isoimmunization after complications of a first-trimester pregnancy, induced abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. " 01/25/1979 - " In the case of induced abortion, the volume of fetomaternal transfusion is generally greater than .1 ml. Fetomaternal transfusions were more frequent in conjunction with salt water instillation than with vacuum aspiration in pregnancies before the 12th-16th week of pregnancy; the opposite was true for induced abortions performed after the 13th week of pregnancy. " 11/01/1990 - "Fetomaternal hemorrhage-induced rises in circulating alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels can occur as a result of invasive procedures in the 1st half of pregnancy, including amniocentesis and induced abortion. "