Fetal Growth Retardation (Intrauterine Growth Retardation)

10/01/2011 - "These findings suggest that in the absence of "catch-up" growth IUGR programs for improved insulin sensitivity."
10/01/2011 - "IUGR in the absence of postnatal "catch-up" growth leads to improved whole body insulin sensitivity in rat offspring."
08/01/2009 - "This was accomplished by diminished basal and improved insulin-responsive GLUT4 association with the plasma membrane in IUGR, IUGR+PNGR, and PNGR mimicking that in Con (P < 0.005). "
05/01/2014 - "Human studies are also needed to determine whether exercise training improves insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity to the same extent in IUGR adults as in control populations. "
10/01/2011 - "This study examined the effect of IUGR on whole body insulin sensitivity and metabolic activity in adult rats. "

02/13/1993 - "Our study gives little support to the notion that low-dose aspirin is beneficial in women at moderate risk of PIH or IUGR."
06/15/1991 - "The efficacy of low-dose aspirin in preventing fetal growth retardation was tested in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. "
04/01/2004 - "Since the number of subjects in this study was relatively small, further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of IUGR treatment by low dose aspirin."
03/01/1999 - "Since the number of subjects in this study was relatively small, further clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of IUGR treatment by low-dose aspirin."
04/01/1997 - "We searched 18 medical databases, including MEDLINE since 1964 and EMBASE since 1974, review articles and the references from each retrieved report to identify all studies evaluating the effect of aspirin in pregnancy and including both intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal mortality as outcome measures. "

11/01/1997 - "Placentas were perifused with medium containing IGF-I at doses of 0, 5.2, 10.4, 20.8, and 83.3 ng/ml. In three of the five IUGR placentas (responsive group), incubation with IGF-I resulted in an inhibition of TxB2, attaining significantly greater inhibition at a lower dose of IGF-I than the normal placental response. "
07/01/2012 - "In the LS group the U/L body segment ratio did not change with IGF-I treatment but Ht improved from -6.1 +/- 1.3 to -4.6 +/- 1.2 (p < 0.001), The differential growth response of the children with IUGR and with ISS resembled that of the children with LS. "
01/01/2014 - "Recent studies demonstrated over-expression of IGF-1 in IUGR animal models maintains placental vasculature. "
04/01/2003 - "Our study shows that GH infusion to the IUGR fetal sheep restores fetal IGF-I levels but does not improve fetal growth, and further reduces the fetal kidney and intestine weights. "
06/15/2000 - "Further studies and potential manipulation of fetal IGF-1 are warranted to investigate potential prenatal intervention in the treatment of IUGR."

04/01/1996 - "However, the mean number of cells/ area expressing this mRNA was significantly greater in normal placentas compared with IUGR placentas (normal 12.8 +/- 0.9 cells/unit area, IUGR 4.9 +/- 2.4 cells/unit area, analysis of variance: p < 0.004). "
01/01/2004 - "The objective of this study was to characterize GLUT8 in the ovine placenta and determine if differences in mRNA and protein concentrations occur in an ovine model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). "
05/01/2001 - "HKII mRNA quantification and 2-deoxyglucose-uptake studies were performed in day-120 control and IUGR cardiac muscle. "
12/01/2015 - "Moreover, AGT mRNA expression and immunohistological staining were significantly increased in IUGR rats; this suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to renal dysfunction of IUGR offspring. "
07/15/2015 - "Using a well-characterized rodent model, we have previously shown that IUGR increases GR exon 1.7 mRNA variant and total GR expressions in male rat pup hippocampus. "

03/01/1994 - "The authors suggested that intra-amniotic infusion of amino acids, as a paraplacental nutritional route, should be more effective in the treatment for cases of intrauterine fetal growth retardation particularly for those accompanied by severe placental lesions."
08/01/2012 - "Acute supplementation of amino acids increases net protein accretion in IUGR fetal sheep."
11/01/2006 - "Reduced transport of amino acids from mother to fetus can lead to fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). "
04/01/2005 - "In the sheep IUGR fetus, however, which is hypoxic, hypoglycemic and hypoinsulinemic, there appear to be net effluxes of amino acids from the liver and skeletal muscle, suggesting changes in amino acid metabolism. "
04/01/2005 - "Fetoplacental transport and utilization of amino acids in IUGR--a review."

07/01/2010 - "This study was conducted with an ovine IUGR model to test the hypothesis that parenteral administration of l-arginine (Arg) is effective in enhancing fetal growth. "
07/01/2015 - "Over several trials, mares were fed either 100 or 140% of NRC requirements for DE, and supplemental Se and arginine were added to diets in an attempt to mitigate potential intrauterine growth retardation resulting from dams overfed during the last third of pregnancy. "
07/01/2015 - "The ideal candidate for arginine therapy according to our study would be IUGR cases with S/D ratio less than 4.96 ± 0.49 and NO levels below 33 μmol/L with minimum of 3 weeks duration of arginine supplementation. "
09/01/2012 - "Results of recent studies indicate that administration of L-arginine (Arg) to gestating pigs or sheep with IUGR fetuses can enhance fetal growth. "
08/01/2005 - "The purpose of this study was to determine 1) the effects of IUGR on protein metabolism in the ovine fetus and 2) the effects of arginine or mixed amino acid (AA) infusion on protein metabolism in these fetuses. "

03/01/2006 - "The present study demonstrates the possibility of increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in both maternal and fetal erythrocytes as markers of oxygen radical activity during intrauterine growth retardation. "
09/01/2000 - "To examine the effects of intrauterine growth restriction and acute severe oxygen deprivation on renal blood flow (RBF), renovascular resistance (RVR), and renal excretory functions in newborns, studies were conducted on 1-day-old anesthetized piglets divided into groups of normal weight (NW, n = 14) and intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR, n = 14) animals. "
01/01/1992 - "A series of studies was undertaken to elucidate whether fetal growth retardation causes a primary perturbation of brain function and development and whether an increased vulnerability for periods of oxygen lack exists. "
10/01/2015 - "In turn, these vascular changes could lead to inadequate oxygen supply and contribute to under-perfusion and increased vulnerability of white matter in IUGR infants."
07/01/2015 - "IUGR is a common complication of human pregnancy that limits the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus, leading to diminished embryonic β cell growth and the onset of T2DM later in life. "

01/01/2012 - "These results will be beneficial in elucidating the developmental toxicity of caffeine and in exploring the fetal origin of adult HPA axis dysfunction and metabolic syndrome susceptibility for offspring with IUGR induced by caffeine."
01/01/2015 - "Our previous studies showed that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) induced chondrogenesis retardation in IUGR offspring rats. "
03/01/2014 - "In the present studies, we examined the dose- and time-effects of caffeine on maternal metabonome, and tried to clarify the potential roles of maternal GCs and metabonome changes in the metabolic programming of caffeine-induced IUGR. "
06/01/2006 - "This study (n=1,606) was specifically designed to test the association of caffeine and its primary metabolites in umbilical cord blood with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). "
01/01/1999 - "The present study investigates whether caffeine, a drug known to induce a dose-dependent fetal IUGR, affects embryo development before and/or after implantation or is exclusively a fetal phenomenon. "

11/01/1992 - "Our data show that two protein hormones secreted by the maternal decidua are dramatically reduced in intrauterine growth retardation and warrant further investigation into their roles in the intrauterine environment."
12/01/2013 - "This study was undertaken to examine the impact of spontaneous intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) on circulating concentrations of hormones and nutrients together with the developmental expression patterns of various genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pig fetus during the last third of pregnancy and just after birth. "
07/01/1996 - "The aim of this study was to relate human fetal growth retardation to specific hormone alterations. "
03/01/1993 - "Most previous studies of induced lung maturation have used fetal exposures to multiple doses of hormones, and such treatments are associated with fetal growth retardation in rodents and rabbits. "
07/01/2013 - "Numerous reports have described PCB-dependent adverse effects on human fetal growth, including increased risk for IUGR, changes in endocrine function and hormone metabolism, and immunosuppressive and neurological deficits. "

05/05/2011 - "2) Transmission electron microscopy revealed that brain cortex structures were sparse IUGR rats, showing many scattered apoptotic cells, decreased numbers of synapses, lower glial cell proliferation, and fewer neurons, more sparsely arranged, while these factors were significantly improved with taurine supplementation. "
02/01/2015 - "Thus, antenatal taurine supplementation inhibited the expression of key Rho-ROCK signal molecules and improved IUGR fetal brain development."
02/01/2015 - "Here, we investigated whether antenatal taurine improved neuronal regeneration in fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by inhibiting this pathway. "
09/01/2014 - "This study aimed to determine the influence of antenatal taurine supplementation on taurine content in the brains of fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). "
10/01/2012 - "This study aimed to investigate whether antenatal taurine can reduce neuronal apoptosis in fetal rat brains with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and its possible mechanisms. "

10/01/2013 - "Recent trials, however, have shown that early enteral feeding in IUGR infants is safe and it would appear, on the basis of the few available data, that breast milk could offer protection against NEC. "
01/01/2010 - "An enhanced gut trophic response to enteral feeding may help to improve postnatal intestinal adaptation and NEC resistance in preterm IUGR newborns. "
11/01/2015 - "The mean (IQR) age at start of minimal enteral nutrition [7 (5-10) versus 5 (4-8) days, p = 0.005), and nutritional (1 ml/2 hourly) feeds [12 (8-15) versus 9 (7-13) days, p = 0.034] was significantly delayed in IUGR compared to non-IUGR neonates. "
11/01/2013 - "BS was classified as pulsatility index (PI) ratio [umbilical artery (UAPI) to middle cerebral artery (MCAPI) (U/C ratio)] > 1. Clinical parameters of feeding tolerance - days to achieve full enteral feeding (FEF) - were compared between the IUGR with BS and IUGR without BS infants. "
01/01/2013 - "(2) The mean daily energy and protein intake in postnatal time of 1 week [62 (51, 69) kcal/kg vs 56 (45, 64) kcal/kg (1 kcal = 4.1840 kJ), 1.7 (1.3, 2.0) g/kg vs 1.6 (1.2, 1.8) g/kg], 2 weeks [83 (71, 94) kcal/kg vs 76 (66, 88) kcal/kg, 2.6 (2.1, 2.9) g/kg vs 2.3 (1.9, 2.7) g/kg], 4 weeks [107 (94, 120) kcal/kg vs 95 (85, 108) kcal/kg, 3.3 (2.7, 3.6) g/kg vs 2.7 (2.4, 3.2) g/kg], before total enteral nutrition [103 (96, 110) kcal/kg vs 97 (89, 106) kcal/kg, 3.1 (2.6, 3.4) g/kg vs 2.8 (2.4, 3.3) g/kg] and the whole hospitalization [121 (111, 131) kcal/kg vs 111 (101, 119) kcal/kg, 3.4 (3.1, 3.8) g/kg vs 3.1 (2.8, 3.5) g/kg], IUGR group were more than non-IUGR group (P < 0.05).While the cumulative losses of energy [407 (360, 483) kcal/kg vs 448 (393, 527) kcal/kg, 534 (369, 689) kcal/kg vs 612 (453, 758) kcal/kg, 367 (12, 724) kcal/kg vs 718 (330, 996) kcal/kg, 381 (231, 609) kcal/kg vs 656 (394, 959) kcal/kg, 0 (0, 350) kcal/kg vs 387 (85, 826) kcal/kg] and protein [12.3 (10.2, 15.5) g/kg vs 13.7 (11.7, 16.4) g/kg, 12.8 (7.8, 19.4) g/kg vs 17.5 (11.9, 22.7) g/kg, 6.2 (0, 22.6) g/kg vs 21.7 (7.3, 30.3) g/kg, 6.6 (1.8, 23.0) g/kg vs 22.1 (7.2, 32.5) g/kg, 1.9 (0, 16.7) g/kg vs 20.1 (0, 32.6) g/kg] were lower in IUGR group than in non-IUGR group at the same time (P < 0.05). "

12/01/2014 - "Several clinical and experimental studies showed that IUGR fetuses, neonates, children and adolescents present signs of endothelial dysfunction, valuated by aorta intima media thickness, carotid intima media thickness and stiffness, central pulse wave velocity, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, laser Doppler skin perfusion and by the measure of arterial blood pressure. "
09/01/2001 - "Selective intrauterine growth retardation in monochorionic twins can be effectively treated with selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels. "
09/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth retardation who were treated with selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels. "
09/01/2001 - "A randomized clinical trial of expectant treatment versus selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels for monochorionic selective intrauterine growth retardation can be considered."
09/01/2001 - "Thirty patients met the criteria for the study: 17 patients were treated expectantly (group I); 2 patients underwent umbilical-cord ligation of the twin with selective intrauterine growth retardation, and 11 patients underwent selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels (group II). "

09/01/2001 - "Selective intrauterine growth retardation in monochorionic twins can be effectively treated with selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels. "
09/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth retardation who were treated with selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels. "
09/01/2001 - "A randomized clinical trial of expectant treatment versus selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels for monochorionic selective intrauterine growth retardation can be considered."
09/01/2001 - "Thirty patients met the criteria for the study: 17 patients were treated expectantly (group I); 2 patients underwent umbilical-cord ligation of the twin with selective intrauterine growth retardation, and 11 patients underwent selective laser photocoagulation of the communicating vessels (group II). "

07/01/2010 - "Improved prenatal care among teenage mothers is necessary for reducing IUGR-LBW burden."
01/01/2011 - "In adjusted analyses, nighttime delivery was an independent risk factor for NE (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21), as were severe intrauterine growth retardation (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 3.1-4.8); no prenatal care (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.9); primiparity (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7); advanced maternal age (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.16-1.45); and infant male sex (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4). "
02/01/2010 - "This method is simple, rapid, and accurate, making it practical for routine prenatal care, as well as for high-risk cases with decreased fetal movement and IUGR. "
10/15/2004 - "If a complication, like IUGR, during prenatal care is assessed, the women is referred to a consulted obstetrician. "
05/01/2003 - "Although research should continue to explore associations between psychosocial factors and IUGR, prenatal care programs should focus on known risk factors for IUGR."

03/01/2004 - "Most of them are organ transplant recipients and large series from the literature have shown that children born to such women may present with intrauterine growth retardation, a condition which may be associated with significant reduction in nephron number and oligomeganephronia. "
10/01/2004 - "Pregnant women undergoing long-term organ transplant treatment have an increased incidence of delivering infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). "
03/01/2004 - "Therefore offspring of organ transplant women treated with CsA exhibit a theoretical risk of renal impairment, due to both IUGR and fetal nephrotoxicity. "
01/01/1996 - "Immunosuppressive therapy during pregnancy in transplant and nontransplant recipients may be associated with an increased risk of fetal growth retardation and prematurity. "
06/01/1975 - "How does maternal undernutrition significantly effect the fetal "parasite?" Is the syndrome of intrauterine growth retardation a manifestation of a host versus graft phenomenon, with "runting" in the offspring? "