Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A condition occurring in FETUS or NEWBORN due to in utero ETHANOL exposure when mother consumed alcohol during PREGNANCY. It is characterized by a cluster of irreversible BIRTH DEFECTS including abnormalities in physical, mental, and behavior development (such as FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; MENTAL RETARDATION; ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS) with varied degree of severity in an individual.

Also Known As:

Networked: 423 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 33 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Gout
4.	Alcoholic Liver Diseases (Alcoholic Liver Disease)
5.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)

Experts

1.	Spong, Catherine Y: 12 articles (12/2012 - 10/2002)
2.	Abebe, Daniel: 11 articles (12/2012 - 06/2004)
3.	Roberson, Robin: 10 articles (12/2012 - 10/2005)
4.	Olney, John W: 7 articles (01/2009 - 01/2002)
5.	Sulik, Kathleen K: 5 articles (01/2012 - 07/2003)
6.	Paiva, Michael: 5 articles (06/2011 - 07/2004)
7.	Vink, Joy: 5 articles (10/2010 - 10/2002)
8.	Toso, Laura: 5 articles (02/2009 - 10/2005)
9.	Wands, J R: 5 articles (09/2006 - 05/2000)
10.	Parnell, Scott E: 4 articles (01/2015 - 01/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:

1.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 01/01/2003 - "These effects in vitro may help to explain the devastating effects of prenatal ethanol exposure in vivo, which contribute to the fetal alcohol syndrome." 11/01/2014 - "Our study demonstrates that as well as developmental impairments, prenatal ethanol can produce deficits associated with an increase in attentional demand in rodents, analogous to those observed in fetal alcohol syndrome and attentional deficit and hyperactivity disorders." 04/12/2011 - "In the present study, we tested a rat model of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) with ethanol administered via gavage throughout all three trimester equivalents. " 09/01/2008 - "As maternal drinking is known to cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or malformation of the fetal brain during pregnancy, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether maternal ethanol exposure alters the PCD-related Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression during fetal brain development. " 09/01/2005 - "Impaired structural and functional development of VYS may contribute to the teratogenic action of ethanol in mice, which may also provide a clue to the study of fetal alcohol syndrome in humans."
2.	Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorderIBA 01/01/2015 - "Using the methodology of a common data form, consistent data collection can be achieved and patterns and trends can be identified that can help with assuring consistency in diagnosis and with planning for improved patient outcomes.  Key Words and Abbreviations: FASD- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, FAS- Fetal alcohol syndrome, pFAS- Partial fetal alcohol syndrome, ARND- Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder. " 06/01/2010 - "The current study explored whether significant differences in sensory processing abilities, adaptive behavior, and neurocognitive functioning are observed between children diagnosed with partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), or children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol (PEA), but did not meet criteria for an FASD diagnosis. " 03/01/2015 - "Altogether 17% had FASD, comprising three children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), six with partial FAS, and seven with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. " 01/01/2014 - "Diagnoses included 15% with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 23% with Partial FAS, and 62% with Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND, provisional). " 05/01/2013 - "The prevalence (per 1,000) is as follows: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)-59.3 to 91.0; partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS)-45.3 to 69.6; and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)-30.5 to 46.8. "
3.	XenobioticsIBA 02/01/2004 - "The variants have also been studied for association with alcoholic liver disease, cancer, fetal alcohol syndrome, CVD, gout, asthma and clearance of xenobiotics. "
4.	Amphetamine (Amfetamine)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2001 - "This mechanism may contribute to the therapeutic effects of amphetamine-like stimulants in attention problems observed in children with fetal alcohol syndrome." 05/01/2001 - "Amphetamine-like stimulants are effective in treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a major symptom in fetal alcohol syndrome. "
5.	AcetaldehydeIBA 01/01/1979 - "The teratogenic effect of acetaldehyde: implications for the study of the fetal alcohol syndrome." 01/01/1996 - "These results clearly show that acetaldehyde may participate in the development of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome." 10/01/1995 - "Experiments have provided evidence that supports and refutes the idea that acetaldehyde is responsible for the teratogenic effects observed in fetal alcohol syndrome. " 01/01/1984 - "Acetaldehyde may be important in the pathogenesis of the fetal alcohol syndrome." 07/23/1983 - "Acetaldehyde and the fetal alcohol syndrome."
6.	ZincIBA 01/01/1990 - "Because alcohol has an adverse effect on zinc homeostasis, this study was designed to study if zinc content of the diet modifies the severity of fetal alcohol syndrome in a mouse model. " 09/01/2008 - "This article provides a comprehensive review of the syndromes, disorders, and maternal and fetal risk factors associated with NTDs, including maternal fumonisin consumption, periconceptional zinc deficiency, parental occupational exposure and residential proximity to pesticides, lower socioeconomic status, fetal alcohol syndrome, mutations in the VANGL1 gene, human athymic Nude/SCID fetus, and single nucleotide polymorphism in the NOS3 gene. " 04/01/2001 - "Alcohol-induced zinc deficiency is one of the mechanisms proposed as a cause of developmental brain damage associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. " 01/01/1990 - "These results suggest that zinc intake should be optimized during pregnancy but that zinc supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance does not reduce the incidence or severity of fetal alcohol syndrome." 01/01/1990 - "Zinc nutrition in fetal alcohol syndrome."
7.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 05/01/2011 - "A Drosophila model for fetal alcohol syndrome disorders: role for the insulin pathway." 01/01/2009 - "In a multiple regression model, age, low birth weight (LBW), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and high risk for fetal alcohol syndrome were independent predictors of height SDS. " 06/01/2007 - "Cerebellar hypoplasia in experimental fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is associated with impaired insulin-stimulated survival signaling. " 09/01/2006 - "In fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), cerebellar hypoplasia is associated with impaired insulin-stimulated survival signaling. " 05/01/2005 - "The present work explores the mechanisms of impaired insulin signaling in a rat model of fetal alcohol syndrome. "
8.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1986 - "Fetal alcohol syndrome: glucose and liver metabolism in term rat fetus and neonate." 01/01/1988 - "The role of altered glucose metabolism in the growth retardation associated with the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome has been difficult to assess because previously used experimental procedures have frequently substituted ethanol for dietary carbohydrate. " 01/01/1999 - "However, using an in vitro model system of fetal alcohol effects/fetal alcohol syndrome, this study examines the neuroprotective effects of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor against EtOH treatment (0, 200, 400, 800, or 1, 600 mg/dl) combined with acute ischemia (2-hour hypoxia in EtOH-containing glucose-free media) followed by chronic hypoglycemia (16-hour glucose deprivation in EtOH-containing media). "
9.	MicroRNAs (MicroRNA)IBA 03/01/2009 - "The study provided new insights into the role of miRNAs and their target genes in the pathogenesis of fetal alcohol syndrome." 01/01/2008 - "The regulatory regions, TF and miRNA, which mediate the differential genes expression in fetal alcohol syndrome were unknown; microarray data from alcohol exposure paradigm was used. " 01/01/2008 - "Identification of transcription factor and microRNA binding sites in responsible to fetal alcohol syndrome."
10.	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)IBA 05/01/2010 - "Prevention of the alcohol-induced changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression using neuroprotective peptides in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome." 01/01/1999 - "However, using an in vitro model system of fetal alcohol effects/fetal alcohol syndrome, this study examines the neuroprotective effects of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor against EtOH treatment (0, 200, 400, 800, or 1, 600 mg/dl) combined with acute ischemia (2-hour hypoxia in EtOH-containing glucose-free media) followed by chronic hypoglycemia (16-hour glucose deprivation in EtOH-containing media). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Prenatal Care 11/01/1995 - "The proportion of mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome was statistically significantly greater (as determined by exact binomial 95 percent confidence limits) than the proportion of all mothers for the following characteristics: black race (0.23 versus 0.05), unmarried (0.55 versus 0.22), not employed during pregnancy (0.86 versus 0.43), and started prenatal care in the third trimester (0.18 versus 0.04). " 01/01/1992 - "A range of critical health problems will require our attention if the goals are to be met, such as availability of prenatal care, infant mortality, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy or early childhood, or both, disease prevention by immunization, infants who have been exposed to drugs, fetal alcohol syndrome, and the emotional and mental disorders of early childhood, to name a few. "
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 06/11/1999 - "One child's development is retarded due to a fetal alcohol syndrome resulting from the mother's post-transplantation alcohol abuse during pregnancy. " 04/01/2008 - "Furthermore, to develop a novel method for reconstruction of the neural network damaged by ethanol, we tried to analyze the usefulness of intravenous NSC transplantation in fetal alcohol syndrome spectrum disorder (FASD) model rats. "
3.	Hyperbaric Oxygenation 10/01/2005 - "Quantification of neurocognitive changes before, during, and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a case of fetal alcohol syndrome." 01/01/2006 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used with clinical success in several cerebral hypoperfusion syndromes including cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, closed head injury, and stroke. "
4.	Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) 04/15/1993 - "These three siblings, who had mild systemic features of fetal alcohol syndrome, underwent corneal transplantations, and their specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. "
5.	Liver Transplantation 01/01/2014 - "Applications include clinical routine use, emergency room settings, proof of abstinence in alcohol rehabilitation programs, driving under influence offenders, workplace testing, assessment of alcohol intake in the context of liver transplantation and fetal alcohol syndrome."