Exostoses

03/01/1998 - "This article presents a mechanical study of a modified surgical approach which has been developed at the Northern Virginia Podiatric Residency Program for the purposes of complete resection of all offending exostosis and calcifications, and maintenance of the anatomic configuration of the Achilles tendon with resultant asymptomatic function and cosmetic healing. "
09/01/2014 - "Multiple rib exostoses in a boy: a rare case resulting in surgery secondary to cosmetic concerns."
02/01/1989 - "All osteotomies healed in 3 months with excellent cosmetic and functional results and no difference between iliac crest and exostosis grafts. "
10/01/2006 - "In this study, we present the results of exostoses resection, with correction and lengthening with external fixators for functional and cosmetic improvement, and prevention of radial head dislocation. "

11/01/2005 - "Mice deficient in Ext2 lack heparan sulfate and develop exostoses."
06/01/2005 - "Differentiation-induced loss of heparan sulfate in human exostosis derived chondrocytes."
07/01/2002 - "Heparan sulfate abnormalities in exostosis growth plates."
10/01/2015 - "Old gene, new phenotype: mutations in heparan sulfate synthesis enzyme, EXT2 leads to seizure and developmental disorder, no exostoses."
05/01/2011 - "Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE) syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency in Golgi-associated heparan sulfate polymerases EXT1 or EXT2 and is characterized by formation of exostoses next to growing long bones and other skeletal elements. "

03/01/2015 - "Studies suggest that exostoses removed by transcanal osteotome result in decreased morbidity when compared to open, drilled approaches; however, inadvertent injury to the facial nerve or inner ear is a theoretical concern given the restrictive geometry of the EAC and challenges of visualizing the tip of the chisel through the microscope. "
07/01/2003 - "The surgery for EAC exostoses should be reserved only for symptomatic cases and only for experienced specialists in order to minimize complications and unnecessary operations."
07/01/2003 - "The pre-operative findings and operative outcome were evaluated from patient records in 136 patients (182 ears) who had surgery for external auditory canal (EAC) exostoses. "
09/01/2001 - "The presence of a firm, broad-based exostosis in the floor of the EAC lateral to the TM helps to obstruct the EAC."
10/01/2000 - "The exostosis and venous sinuses of the seal EAC participate in the protection of the sensitive hearing apparatus, particularly the pars tensa portion of the drum, during divine."

09/01/2013 - "We describe recent advancements on HME pathogenesis and exostosis formation deriving from studies that have determined distribution, activities and roles of signaling proteins in wild-type and HS-deficient cells and tissues. "
02/01/2001 - "Diminished levels of EXT1 and EXT2 protein were found in 9 (82%) and 5 (45%) exostosis chondrocyte strains, respectively, and 4 (36%) were deficient in levels of both proteins. "

09/01/2008 - "Transcript levels of a panel of enzymes that regulate HS fine structure, including N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferases (Ndst) 1 and 2, exostoses (Ext) 1 and 2, C5 epimerase, and 2-O and 6-O sulfotransferases, were quantified with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 7 and 14 days post injury. "
06/01/2015 - "Hereditary multiple exostoses patients carry heterozygous mutations in the heparan sulfate (HS)-synthesizing enzymes EXT1 or EXT2, but studies suggest that EXT haploinsufficiency and ensuing partial HS deficiency are insufficient for exostosis formation. "

12/01/2008 - "Bioinformatics analysis, coupled with biochemical interaction studies in a human pancreatic cell line, identified the human exostoses-like protein 3 (EXTL3) as a HIP-binding protein. "
04/01/2005 - "Microarray analysis showed that a total of 11 genes increased (IL-8, core promoter element binding protein, activin A, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, Exostoses 1, Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich COOH-terminal domain 2, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, fibronectin-1, gravin, connexin43, and sortilin-related receptor-1) and 6 genes decreased (methionine adenosyltransferase 2A, tryptophan-rich basic protein, reticulocalbin 1, membrane-associated RING-CH protein VI, cytoplasmic dynein1, and annexin A(1)) by more than twofold for their mRNA levels. "

08/01/2015 - "The prevalence and severity of skeletal lesions, specifically the formation of multiple, large, smooth exostoses over the diaphysis of long bones (especially, but not exclusively, on the tibia, fibula and metatarsi), were positively associated with bone fluoride concentration. "
08/01/1990 - "Skeletal fluorosis (mottled teeth in pups, bony exostoses in adults) followed use of a commercial dog food later found to contain 460 ppm fluoride (F) from rock phosphate added as a mineral source. "
01/01/1984 - "After it was discovered that fluoride in the dog food had apparently caused mottled teeth and bony exostoses in dogs at this and at least two other kennels, dog-food fluoride content and local well water were investigated as possible causes of the reproductive problems. "
04/01/2009 - "Clinical effects of fluoride included abnormal tooth enamel in children; adults had joint pain and deformity of the limbs and spine, along with ligamentous calcifications and exostosis formations in seven patients. "
01/01/2012 - "The use of voriconazole, a trifluorinated antifungal, has been associated with the development of fluoride excess and periostitis/exostoses. "

04/15/2006 - "Because collagen molecules are important for tissue remodeling during physiologic growth and differentiation, both COL12A1 and COL4A5 constitute good candidate target genes in the pathogenesis of subungual exostosis. "
08/01/2000 - "EXT 1 gene mutation induces chondrocyte cytoskeletal abnormalities and defective collagen expression in the exostoses."
11/01/2009 - "The breakpoint on 6q13 was located within the COL12A1 gene, a collagen gene purportedly involved in another benign bone tumor, subungual exostosis. "
04/01/1975 - " 2. In the AAN-treated group, such side effects attributable to AAN as loss of the body weight, depilation and exostosis were observed and an increase in the hepatic collagen solubility was also noted. "
01/01/1985 - "The protease inhibitors did not reduce the effects of BAPN as measured by exostosis formation or collagen extractability."

01/01/2014 - "Diagnosis of fibro-osseous pseudotumor requires immense precision as it can clinically mimic unungal exostosis and can sometimes be misinterpreted clinically and radiologically as myositis ossificans. "
08/01/2004 - "Proliferative lesions of the bone surface, such as subungual (Dupuytren) exostosis and bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP, Nora lesion) are currently classified as reactive, proliferative processes that mimic primary neoplasms of bone. "
05/01/2007 - "Its diagnosis is often missed or delayed because the clinical presentation is often atypical and can mimic other conditions such as verruca vulgaris, onychomycosis, trauma-induced nail dystrophy or exostosis. "
08/01/1984 - "Clinically the diseases may mimic onychomycosis, chronic paronychia, eczema, verruca vulgaris, pyogenic granuloma, subungual exostosis, or malignant melanoma. "
03/01/1979 - "The clinical picture can be protean and mimic verrucae, onychomycosis, paronychia, eczema, pyogenic granuloma, verrucous tuberculosis, subungual exostosis, glomus tumor, dermatitis vegetans, amelanotic malignant melanoma, kerato-acanthoma and of course squamous cell carcinoma. "

01/01/2014 - "Idiopathic bilateral antral exostoses: A rare case in maxillary sinus."
12/01/2012 - "The anatomic variations detected were pneumatization (83.2%), antral septa (44.4%), hypoplasia (4.8%), and exostosis (2.6%). "
10/01/1993 - "Antral exostosis in panoramic radiographs."
01/01/2014 - "It is difficult to clinically diagnose the antral exostosis due the asymptomatic nature of this condition, unless the approach would be through endoscope. "
09/01/1992 - "This report will discuss alveoplasty, Vestibuloplasty, Fibrous Tuberosity Reduction, Denture Fibrosis, Tori and Exostosis, Labial and Lingual Frenum and Oro-Antral Opening (Table 1)."

07/01/2011 - "We report on a unique trial case of subungual exostosis treated with thin split-thickness nail bed grafts taken from the adjacent normal nail bed of the affected toe."
07/01/2011 - "Subungual exostosis treated with an in situ thin split-thickness toenail bed graft."
01/01/2011 - "[Buccal bony exostoses induced by free gingival grafts]."
08/13/2005 - "Buccal bony exostosis (BBE) development secondary to soft tissue graft procedures has been reported in a small number of cases. "
08/13/2005 - "Bony exostoses developed subsequent to free gingival grafts: case series."

03/01/2013 - "Three different types of operative procedures were performed: (1) corrective osteotomy and gradual lengthening of the ulna, (2) corrective osteotomy of the radius, and (3) excision of exostoses. "
12/01/2012 - "13 feet underwent addition osteotomy with resected exostosis (AORE) and 11 patients (11 feet) underwent addition osteotomy with plate (AOP). "
01/01/2009 - "There was mild exostosis surrounding the proximal aspect of the femur at 9 months, and Steinmann pins used to repair the trochanteric osteotomy were removed because of migration. "
09/01/2007 - "The patients underwent a variety of surgical procedures, including excision of exostoses; corrective procedures (lengthening of the radius or ulna and/or corrective osteotomy of the radius and/or ulna) and open reduction or excision of a dislocated radial head. "
01/01/2003 - "We present two children with deviated fingers as a result of exostoses that developed near the proximal interphalangeal joints and were successfully treated by resection and closed wedge osteotomy."

01/01/2014 - "Symptomatic hip impingement due to exostosis associated with supra-acetabular pelvic external fixator pin."
10/01/2006 - "In this study, we present the results of exostoses resection, with correction and lengthening with external fixators for functional and cosmetic improvement, and prevention of radial head dislocation. "

01/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Er:YAG laser to remove by excision torus mandibularis and to smooth torus palatinus exostosis. "

09/01/2012 - "Radiographic findings were compatible with exostosis of the nasofrontal suture. "
09/01/2012 - "Imaging diagnosis--nasofrontal suture exostosis in a horse."
10/01/2009 - "Also, 42% of septa and 67% of exostoses were antero-posteriorly aligned according to the transverse palatine suture. "
08/01/2009 - "Lacrimomaxillary suture exostosis. "
08/01/2009 - "Suture exostosis causing obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct in three horses."