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Amifostine (Ethyol)

A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.

Also Known As:

Ethyol; APAETP; Alza Brand of Amifostine; Amifostine Disodium Salt; Amifostine Monohydrate; Amifostine Monohydrochloride; Aminopropyl Aminoethylthiophosphate; Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphate; Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphoric Acid; Essex Brand of Amifostine; Lilly Brand of Amifostine; NSC-296961; S-(N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-aminoethyl)thiophosphoric Acid; Schering-Plough Brand of Amifostine; US Bioscience Brand of Amifostine; WR-2721; YM-08310; Acid, Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphoric; Amifostine Alza Brand; Amifostine Essex Brand; Amifostine Lilly Brand; Amifostine Schering-Plough Brand; Disodium Salt, Amifostine; Monohydrate, Amifostine; Monohydrochloride, Amifostine; NSC 296961; NSC296961; Salt, Amifostine Disodium; Schering Plough Brand of Amifostine; WR 2721; WR2721; YM 08310; YM08310; Ethiofos; Gammaphos; Ethanethiol, 2-((3-aminopropyl)amino)-, dihydrogen phosphate (ester)

Networked: 821 relevant articles (129 outcomes, 282 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Koukourakis, Michael I: 31 articles (08/2013 - 01/2002)
2.	Giatromanolaki, Alexandra: 16 articles (01/2013 - 01/2002)
3.	Grdina, David J: 15 articles (02/2013 - 01/2002)
4.	Murley, Jeffrey S: 14 articles (02/2013 - 01/2002)
5.	Sivridis, Efthimios: 14 articles (01/2013 - 01/2002)
6.	Kataoka, Yasushi: 11 articles (03/2009 - 01/2002)
7.	Movsas, Benjamin: 9 articles (06/2013 - 01/2002)
8.	Zhu, Hong-Li: 8 articles (01/2011 - 06/2005)
9.	Werner-Wasik, Maria: 7 articles (06/2013 - 01/2002)
10.	Komaki, Ritsuko: 7 articles (06/2013 - 04/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 06/01/1982 - "The rapid clearance of WR2721 and poor vascularity of the intact tumors were thought to be responsible for the differential uptake and protection of normal tissues by WR2721." 03/01/1982 - "Protective effects of WR-2721 against radiation-induced injury of murine gut, testis, lung, and lung tumor nodules." 06/20/2011 - "Controversy exists regarding whether or not amifostine might reduce the efficacy of cancer treatment. " 11/01/2000 - "To determine if head and neck (H/N) cancer patients receiving daily amifostine during radiation therapy (RT) experienced clinical benefit (improvement in their ability to carry out normal functions with reduced discomfort) compared to nonamifostine treated patients. " 08/01/2012 - "We conducted a radiation dose-escalation trial for patients with diffuse, intrahepatic cancer treated with whole-liver radiation and intravenous amifostine. "
2.	Mucositis 07/01/2000 - "The most important results in favor of amifostine were the reduction of intensity of cardiac, pulmonary and hepatic toxicity, and a significant reduction of frequency and severity of mucositis (P = 0. " 06/01/2000 - "A significant reduction of pharyngeal, esophageal, and rectal mucositis was noted in the amifostine arm (P <.04). " 06/01/1986 - "We have previously reported that Amifostine, a radioprotective agent, was effective in treating acute radiation mucositis in the head and neck region. " 01/01/2002 - "The authors have developed a rat RT model to examine the protective effects of amifostine after IV and subcutaneous (SC) administration in a mucositis model. " 03/01/2002 - "Ongoing trials are being conducted to determine the efficacy of amifostine in reducing radiation-induced mucositis and other toxicities. "
3.	Head and Neck Neoplasms (Head and Neck Cancer) 02/01/2006 - "Feasibility and efficacy of subcutaneous amifostine therapy in patients with head and neck cancer treated with curative accelerated concomitant-boost radiation therapy." 12/01/2004 - "A phase II study to assess the efficacy of amifostine for submandibular/sublingual salivary sparing during the treatment of head and neck cancer with intensity modulated radiation therapy for parotid salivary sparing." 01/01/2010 - "The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of amifostine on the radiation-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients suffering head and neck cancer. " 02/01/2007 - "A Phase II trial of subcutaneous amifostine and radiation therapy in patients with head-and-neck cancer." 03/01/2006 - "This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III study evaluated the efficacy and safety of i.v. amifostine during radiochemotherapy for head-and-neck cancer. "
4.	Xerostomia 05/01/2006 - "In terms of xerostomia prevention, some clinical trials evaluating amifostine and intensity-modulated radiation therapy have shown positive results. " 11/15/2005 - "Amifostine administration was associated with a reduced incidence of Grade > or =2 xerostomia over 2 years of follow-up (p = 0.002), an increase in the proportion of patients with meaningful (>0.1 g) unstimulated saliva production at 24 months (p = 0.011), and reduced mouth dryness scores on a patient benefit questionnaire at 24 months (p < 0.001). " 03/01/2002 - "Furthermore, amifostine reduced the severity of late xerostomia, a side effect of RT with long-lasting consequences. " 01/01/2002 - "These data suggest that amifostine SC provided comparable protection against RT-induced acute xerostomia as amifostine intravenously." 01/01/2009 - "Amifostine versus placebo showed no statistically significant differences in the incidence of xerostomia (130 patients, two studies), the decrease of scintigraphically measured uptake of technetium-99m by salivary or submandibular glands at twelve months (80 patients, one study), and the reduction of blood pressure (130 patients, two studies). "
5.	Esophagitis 01/01/2002 - "The purpose of these 2 clinical trials was to investigate whether daily pretreatment with amifostine could reduce the incidence of esophagitis, and acute and late lung toxicity without affecting the antitumor efficacy of the treatment. " 05/01/2003 - "Pretreatment with amifostine showed a trend toward reducing the severity of esophagitis associated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, but it did not reach statistical significance. " 06/01/2013 - "We report the long-term results of RTOG 9801, a randomized trial investigating the ability of amifostine, a radioprotector, to reduce chemoradiation-induced esophagitis. " 10/01/2008 - "Grade 3 esophagitis was reported in 30% of patients treated with amifostine and 9% of patients treated with epoetin-alpha (P = .059). " 01/01/2008 - "Twenty-four patients were enrolled: 18 patients were enrolled initially; 6 additional patients were enrolled following a protocol amendment designed to reduce the esophagitis by adding the radioprotectant amifostine. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cisplatin (Platino)
2.	Amifostine (Ethyol)
3.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
4.	Carboplatin (JM8)
5.	Fluorouracil (Carac)
6.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)
7.	WR 1065
8.	Enzymes
9.	Ice
10.	Mesna (Coenzyme M)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Distraction Osteogenesis
4.	Mammaplasty (Breast Reconstruction)
5.	Modified Radical Mastectomy (Mastectomy, Modified)