Erysipelas

An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.

Networked: 391 relevant articles (24 outcomes, 26 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Cellulitis
3.	Convalescence
4.	Lymphedema (Milroy Disease)
5.	Inflammation

Experts

1.	Cussler, K: 5 articles (01/2002 - 01/2001)
2.	Rosskopf-Streicher, U: 4 articles (01/2002 - 01/2001)
3.	Linder, Adam: 3 articles (01/2014 - 05/2010)
4.	Bernard, Philippe: 3 articles (04/2008 - 10/2002)
5.	Bernard, P: 3 articles (05/2003 - 03/2001)
6.	Johannes, S: 3 articles (01/2002 - 01/2001)
7.	Saka, B: 2 articles (11/2015 - 04/2011)
8.	Pitché, P: 2 articles (11/2015 - 04/2011)
9.	Boukari, T: 2 articles (11/2015 - 04/2011)
10.	Ly, F: 2 articles (11/2015 - 12/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Erysipelas:

1.	VaccinesIBA 03/01/2014 - "This study investigated the prevalence, and characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates in Japan from 2008 to 2010 and assessed the efficacy of current commercial erysipelas vaccines. " 06/06/2001 - "In conclusion, vaccination trials in mice indicate that commercial serotype 2 swine Erysipelothrix vaccines induce protection against erysipelas caused by dolphin pathogenic isolates." 01/01/2002 - "In this study we investigated the influence of three different adjuvants on the serological response in laboratory mice after immunisation with commercial erysipelas vaccines." 01/08/2001 - "Quality control of inactivated erysipelas vaccines: results of an international collaborative study to establish a new regulatory test." 01/01/1980 - "[Studies of the occurrence of erysipelas bacteria in healthy swine in the Hungarian People's Republic with reference to possible use of erysipelas live vaccines]."
2.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 07/01/2004 - "Intramuscular penicillin should be considered an effective and well-tolerated treatment of erysipelas in adult patients." 07/01/2004 - "The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular penicillin: mixture of benzyl penicillin and procain penicillin (2 MU x 2 times daily) and intravenous benzyl penicillin (4 MU x 6 times daily) in the treatment of hospitalized adult patients with erysipelas. " 01/01/1951 - "The efficacy of penicillin and 2-sulfanilamido-5-methyl-1,3,4, thiodiazole (lucosil) in the treatment of erysipelas." 09/01/2010 - "The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of erysipelas and to compare the results of treatment with penicillin vs. other antibiotic regimens. " 07/01/2004 - "Intramuscular bipenicillin vs. intravenous penicillin in the treatment of erysipelas in adults: randomized controlled study."
3.	Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2006 - "Penicillin G or V are the first line treatment for erysipelas. " 08/01/2006 - "To identify the predictors of successful antibiotic prophylactic treatment using benzathin-penicillin G to prevent recurrence of erysipelas in patients with secondary upper limb lymphoedema. " 04/01/2005 - "[Penicillin G and erysipelas--still being used?]." 01/01/2003 - "This is not justified as in fact erysipelas is usually sensitive to penicillin G. " 03/01/2001 - "The reference therapy for erysipelas is penicillin G given intravenously. "
4.	RoxithromycinIBA 08/01/1992 - "Oral roxithromycin can thus be considered an effective and well-tolerated treatment for erysipelas in adult hospitalized patients." 01/01/1996 - "We recently demonstrated that oral roxithromycin is as effective as intravenous penicillin G in adults with erysipelas. " 08/01/1992 - "Roxithromycin versus penicillin in the treatment of erysipelas in adults: a comparative study."
5.	AntigensIBA 08/01/2001 - "Results of the collaborative study indicate that the candidate batch of erysipelas ELISA coating antigen is suitable to act as a Ph. Eur. " 08/01/2001 - "To that end, 13 laboratories from 9 European countries, including 5 manufacturers, 7 authorities and EDQM, have taken part in a collaborative study to evaluate the suitability of a candidate reference preparation of erysipelas coating antigen for ELISA as a European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation (Ph. Eur. " 08/01/2001 - "Collaborative study for the establishment of erysipelas ELISA coating antigen. " 04/01/2008 - "[T-cell responsiveness to specific group A streptococcus antigens in patients with recurrent erysipelas]." 11/01/2007 - "[T-cell responsiveness to specific group A streptococcus antigens in patients with primary erysipelas]."
6.	Bacterial VaccinesIBA 12/01/1989 - "Of 76 isolates used for challenge in the cross-protection study, 29 (38.2%) killed greater than 40% of mice immunized with an erysipelas bacterin marketed in Indonesia. " 10/01/1954 - "Field trials of a bacterin for the control of erysipelas in turkeys." 10/01/1988 - "Turkeys vaccinated subcutaneously with a commercial bacterin, the current immunoprophylactic agent for erysipelas control, were protected against challenge. " 03/01/1978 - "One group from each diet treatment was given a single injection of an erysipelas bacterin, and 21 days later all pigs were given a challenge inoculum of virulent Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae organisms. " 04/01/1975 - "Antibody activity against Erysipelothrix insidiosa was measured in 15 porpoises which had undergone a series of vaccinations, at 6 month intervals, with erysipelas bacterin. "
7.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Individuals with recurrent erysipelas tended to seek medical attention earlier, and were less likely to be hospitalized or receive intravenous antibiotics, but there was no evidence of any difference in inflammatory reaction when taking confounding factors into account. " 01/01/2014 - "He has been treated in another hospital with antibiotics on suspicion of erysipelas. " 01/01/2010 - "This diagnosis must be suspected in cases of erysipelas resistant to antibiotics in patients back from an endemic area." 10/01/2008 - "Erysipelas was the initial diagnosis in up to 14 patients who had been treated with antibiotics before admission. " 04/01/2008 - "Current trends for erysipelas involve ambulatory treatments and reduced duration of antibiotics. "
8.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 02/01/2010 - "In erysipelas patients with a TNF-alpha value of 2.5 pg/ml or less at the onset of the disease, the relative risk for prolonged signs of systemic and local inflammatory reactions increases as compared with those who have a TNF-alpha level of more than 2.5 pg/ml." 03/01/2010 - "Prior infections were as follows: septicemia, n=2; lower respiratory tract infection or lung abscess, n=12; prosthesis infection, n=3; septic arthritis, n=3; endocarditis, n=1; pyelonephritis, n=2; osteitis, n=4; and various skin infections (erysipelas, cellulitis or skin abscess), n=6. Of these 33 infections, 21 occurred during TNFalpha antagonist therapy. " 05/01/2011 - "The aim of the investigation was to study the implication of infectious endotoxicosis in the pathogenesis of erysipelas, by measuring the level of malondialdehyde and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) depending on the stage, severity, pattern of the disease, and possible complications. " 02/01/2010 - "The time course of changes in the values of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-8 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 has been studied in 78 patients with erysipelas of different frequencies and pathomorphological forms of the disease. " 02/01/2010 - "In erysipelas and its erythematous form, there is an increase in the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-8 in early phase of the disease, a decrease in these indices during convalescence, and a rise in the content of the cytokine IL-4, which are typical of an acute cyclic infectious process with a good outcome. "
9.	Erythema elevatum diutinumIBA 01/01/1980 - "An improved quantitative method for the study of fibrinolysis in the skin as exemplified in patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis and erysipelas." 04/01/2003 - "Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with bullous erysipelas." 01/01/1980 - "Eleven healthy subjects served as controls to 6 patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis and 4 patients with erysipelas and 4 with necrotizing fascilitis. " 08/01/2013 - "Leukocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to erysipelas: an unusual case of noncryoglobulinemic vasculitis in a hepatitis C patient."
10.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1997 - "Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study." 01/01/1998 - "52 patients came from the prednisolone group and 6 of them had further episodes of erysipelas, whereas 13/51 patients from the placebo group relapsed. " 01/01/1998 - "Of 112 patients with erysipelas, who were randomized to treatment with 8 d of either prednisolone or placebo in addition to antibiotics, 103 were followed-up for 12 months after they had been cured. " 01/01/1998 - "Relapse of erysipelas following treatment with prednisolone or placebo in addition to antibiotics: a 1-year follow-up." 01/01/1997 - "112 patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of erysipelas, were randomized to 8 days treatment with prednisolone or placebo in addition to antibiotics. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 03/01/2007 - "In a minority of cases, erysipelas recurs despite antibiotic prophylaxis. " 03/01/2007 - "Recurrent erysipelas despite antibiotic prophylaxis: an analysis from case studies." 01/01/2007 - "Our results showed that erysipelas recurrence has the same risk factors as single episodes and underlines the potential benefit of oral or parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrences." 01/01/1995 - "Metabolic equilibrium, disinfecting skin areas and antibiotic prophylaxis are urgent steps in the successful treatment of Erysipelas disease." 11/01/1993 - "Only in patients with a high recurrence rate continuous antibiotic prophylaxis against erysipelas is indicated."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/2015 - "Remarkable reduction of occurrence frequency of erysipelas caused by various reasons was showed after treatment. " 11/01/1982 - "Erysipelas developed in a young woman whose condition had been in remission for ten years after treatment of stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease. " 01/01/2005 - "Severe erysipelas after treatment for breast cancer." 08/01/2002 - "Erysipelas after treatment of breast cancer is known but rarely reported. " 04/01/2008 - "These groups were compared with regard to gender, age of onset, age of diagnosis, time interval between disease onset and diagnosis, fever, abdominal pain, arthritis, chest pain, erysipelas-like erythema, edema, amyloidosis, number of attacks per year before and after treatment, consanguinity, severity score, response of colchicines treatment, and family history of FMF and amyloidosis. "
3.	Radiotherapy 02/01/1967 - "[2 cases of cancer improved by erysipelas complication during radiotherapy]." 08/01/2002 - "Between February 93 and December 99, 20 patients among 700 (2.85%) treated for breast cancer in the radiotherapy department of sfax have presented an erysipelas. " 08/01/2006 - "For each patient, the following data were recorded: characteristics of breast cancer treatment (type of surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy), number of erysipelas recurrences before inclusion, patient characteristics including body mass index (BMI) and lymphoedema volume at inclusion. "
4.	Lasers (Laser) 09/01/1988 - "[Efficacy of the action of helium-neon laser radiation in treating erysipelas patients]."
5.	Subcutaneous Injections 12/01/1924 - "Erysipelas Successfully cured by Subcutaneous Injection of Cows' Milk."