Enkephalins

One of the three major families of endogenous opioid peptides. The enkephalins are pentapeptides that are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in the adrenal medulla.

Also Known As:

Networked: 931 relevant articles (17 outcomes, 94 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Roques, Bernard P: 10 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Zagon, Ian S: 9 articles (09/2012 - 02/2002)
3.	McLaughlin, Patricia J: 9 articles (09/2012 - 02/2002)
4.	Fink, David J: 7 articles (01/2012 - 11/2002)
5.	Mata, Marina: 7 articles (01/2012 - 11/2002)
6.	Fournié-Zaluski, Marie-Claude: 6 articles (09/2015 - 07/2003)
7.	Glorioso, Joseph C: 6 articles (01/2015 - 11/2002)
8.	Wilson, Steven P: 6 articles (12/2008 - 10/2002)
9.	Yeomans, David C: 5 articles (03/2008 - 10/2002)
10.	Roques, B P: 5 articles (05/2007 - 12/2000)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 04/01/2001 - "These results suggest that gene therapy with an enkephalin-producing herpes-based vector may prove useful in the treatment of pain." 04/01/2009 - "Targeted enkephalin gene therapy approaches are providing clear promise for pain control. " 11/01/2011 - "In this study, we evaluated the effects of injecting a Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 vector which expresses enkephalin (HSV-ENK vector) in the lateralmost part of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (VLMlat), a pain control center that exerts mainly descending inhibitory effects on pain modulation. " 01/01/2008 - "Studies have shown that enkephalins play an important role in behavior, pain, cardiac function, cellular growth, immunity, and ischemic tolerance. " 11/01/1996 - "Most of the pharmacological studies devoted to the role of CCK and enkephalins have been focused on the control of pain. "
2.	Ganglion Cysts (Ganglion) 05/01/2000 - "A study was made on the mechanisms by which enkephalins inhibit synaptic transmission at calyx-type presynaptic terminals in the ciliary ganglion of chick embryos at stages 39-40. " 09/01/1995 - "OGF-like immunoreactivity was detected in the retina at gestation day (E) 20, but not at E18, and was localized to ganglion cell and neuroblast layers; immunochemical reaction was no longer seen in the retina by postnatal day 6. Native OGF was further identified and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) studies and immunodot assays, which revealed that [Met5]-enkephalin was present in the neonatal, but not adult, rat retina. " 02/01/1993 - "The present study establishes for the first time the existence of an enkephalin-like postganglionic pathway to the digestive tract originating from a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion. " 06/15/2005 - "Electron microscopy was used combining retrograde labeling from the SA, AV or CV ganglion with immunocytochemistry for enkephalins in ventrolateral nucleus ambiguus. " 06/01/2005 - "The rats were killed, the experimental side major pelvic ganglion was removed, and enkephalin immunoreactivity was counted. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/1985 - "Finally, in studies of human blood samples from both normal volunteers and cancer patients, the enkephalins were demonstrated to stimulate active T cell rosettes and natural killer cell activities (in vitro). " 02/01/2009 - "Novel side-chain glucosylated and adamantylated [Asp(2)/Glu(2)]enkephalin analogs: synthesis and in vitro growth inhibition of human tumor cells." 02/01/2002 - "The native opioid growth factor (OGF), [Met(5)]-enkephalin, is a tonic inhibitory peptide that plays a role in cell proliferation and tissue organization during development, cancer, cellular renewal, wound healing, and angiogenesis. " 12/08/2000 - "The native opioid growth factor (OGF), [Met(5)]-enkephalin, is a tonic inhibitory peptide that modulates cell proliferation and tissue organization during development, cancer, cellular renewal, wound healing, and angiogenesis. " 11/01/2000 - "The native opioid growth factor (OGF), [Met5]-enkephalin, is a tonic inhibitory peptide that modulates cell proliferation and migration, as well as tissue organization, during development, cancer, homeostatic cellular renewal, wound healing, and angiogenesis. "
4.	Seizures (Seizure) 03/01/2001 - "Withdrawal from alcohol in withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant mice: evidence for enkephalin resistance." 04/01/1994 - "The decreased extracellular level of enkephalin in the amygdala after stage V kindled seizures could reflect a general impairment of inhibitory mechanisms in this structure with subsequent production of seizure activity." 04/01/1994 - "In fully kindled rats, the extracellular enkephalin levels decreased (35% below the control levels) within the first 20 min after onset of stage V kindled seizures, reaching baseline level 40 to 60 min following the generalized seizure activity. " 07/01/1992 - "The period associated with the development of enkephalin-induced seizures in rats coincides with an important milestone in pineal chronobiology. " 01/01/1992 - "Plotting the time course of mRNAenk and enkephalin expression after seizures, and the time course of symptoms of interictal behavioral disturbances, may demonstrate a temporal relationship that supports this hypothesis. "
5.	Ischemia 01/15/2015 - "Eribis Peptide 94 (EP94) is an enkephalin analog with cardioprotective properties in ischemia and reperfusion. " 01/15/2015 - "Cardioprotection of the enkephalin analog Eribis peptide 94 in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion is highly dependent on dosing regimen and timing of administration." 09/01/2014 - "It was established that short-term ischemia/reperfusion evokes an increase in myocardial tissue of enkephalin levels. " 01/01/2008 - "Our global hypothesis is that enkephalins are released from non-neuronal tissues in response to brief ischemia or exercise, and that this release contributes to cardioprotection. " 08/01/2006 - "This was achieved by subjecting isolated buffer-perfused rabbit hearts to a 25-minute period of test ischemia and two hours of reperfusion (protocol 1) after receiving treatment with either saline vehicle (controls) or increasing concentrations of purified enkephalins. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Opioid Peptides (Opioid Peptide)
2.	Leucine-2-Alanine Enkephalin (Enkephalin, Leucine 2 Alanine)
3.	Morphine (MS Contin)
4.	Opioid Receptors (Opioid Receptor)
5.	delta Opioid Receptors (delta Opioid Receptor)
6.	Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- Enkephalin (DAGO)
7.	mu Opioid Receptors (mu Opioid Receptor)
8.	D-Penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin
9.	Naloxone (Narcan)
10.	Endorphins

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation
2.	Adrenalectomy
3.	Transplants (Transplant)
4.	Electroacupuncture
5.	Resuscitation