Endomyocardial Fibrosis

A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).

Also Known As:

Networked: 85 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Ascites
2.	Heart Diseases (Heart Disease)
3.	Cardiomyopathies (Cardiomyopathy)
4.	Myocarditis (Carditis)
5.	Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (Loeffler Endocarditis)

Experts

1.	Mady, Charles: 3 articles (01/2014 - 05/2011)
2.	Salemi, Vera M C: 2 articles (01/2014 - 05/2011)
3.	Viganò, Mario: 2 articles (11/2013 - 04/2011)
4.	Fiore, Antonio: 2 articles (11/2013 - 04/2011)
5.	Lefevre, Guillaume: 1 article (11/2015)
6.	Russel, Stéphanie: 1 article (11/2015)
7.	Kahn, Jean Emmanuel: 1 article (11/2015)
8.	Fassnacht, Fanny: 1 article (11/2015)
9.	Levy, Vincent: 1 article (11/2015)
10.	Roumier, Mathilde: 1 article (11/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Endomyocardial Fibrosis:

1.	CeriumIBA 07/01/1989 - "Analysis of hearts of patients dying from endomyocardial fibrosis showed a significantly greater concentration of cerium, a lanthanide present in leafy vegetables and root tubers, than in control hearts. " 07/01/1998 - "Cerium (Ce), a rare earth element, has been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF). " 01/01/1998 - "Elevated levels of cerium in tubers from regions endemic for endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF)." 01/01/1997 - "The geochemical hypothesis on endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) links causation of the disease to increased levels of cerium in the heart. " 01/01/1997 - "Cerium levels are elevated in the serum of patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF)."
2.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "The safety and efficacy of prednisolone in preventing reaccumulation of ascites among endomyocardial fibrosis patients in Uganda: a randomized clinical trial."
3.	CollagenIBA 09/01/1991 - "The microscopic study of the cases of endomyocardial fibrosis showed a thickened fibrotic endocardium consisting predominantly of thick collagen fibres extending as a septum, corresponding to broad perimysial sheaths, into the myocardium. " 07/01/2001 - "The mean type I:III collagen ratio was 0.51+/-0.06 in normal individuals, and 0.93+/-0.43 in patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (p<0.05). " 07/01/2001 - "The nature of cardiac collagens and the relative proportions of collagen types in endomyocardial fibrosis have not been documented in the literature. " 01/01/1984 - "Electron microscopic examination of cardiac tissue from seven patients with tropical endomyocardial fibrosis showed the endocardium to be replaced by maturing granulation tissue containing haphazardly arranged collagen bundles, smooth muscle cells, blood vessels and degranulated mast cells. " 06/01/1983 - "The hallmark of cardiac pathology in chronic African endomyocardial fibrosis is the laying down of excess collagen in the endomyocardium. "
4.	MagnesiumIBA 07/01/1990 - "Endomyocardial fibrosis--the possible connexion with myocardial levels of magnesium and cerium." 07/01/1998 - "It has been postulated that causation of the tropical cardiomyopathy endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency and cardiac toxicity of the rare earth element cerium (Ce). " 05/01/2000 - "In view of these, a study has been carried out on the activity of membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase, using RBC membrane, serum digoxin, magnesium and glycosaminoglycan levels in patients of mucoid angiopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis and syndrome X. Significant decrease in the membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase was observed in patients while serum digoxin levels showed an increase. "
5.	EnalaprilFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1996 - "6 hours after the second dose (5 mg) of enalapril 9 males and 6 females (mean age 34.93 +/- 1.03 years) with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) underwent ECG and pulsed Doppler echocardiography to study enalapril effect on cardiohemodynamics. " 01/01/1996 - "[The restrictive syndrome in endomyocardial fibrosis and the effect of enalapril based on acute drug test data]." 01/01/2002 - "[Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in the treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis in patients with lymphogranulomatosis subjected to radio- and chemotherapy]."
6.	Interleukin-5 (Interleukin 5)IBA 02/01/1988 - "Because it is now known from in vitro studies that T lymphocytes secrete the eosinopoietic factor, interleukin 5, it is possible that the cutaneous lesions, hypereosinophilia, and associated endomyocardial fibrosis were induced by transformed helper T lymphocytes in these three patients."
7.	Digoxin (Digitek)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2000 - "In view of these, a study has been carried out on the activity of membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase, using RBC membrane, serum digoxin, magnesium and glycosaminoglycan levels in patients of mucoid angiopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis and syndrome X. Significant decrease in the membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase was observed in patients while serum digoxin levels showed an increase. "
8.	Amino AcidsFDA Link 06/01/1970 - "Studies on plasma amino acids in East African adults in relation to endomyocardial fibrosis."
9.	Adenosine Triphosphatases (ATPase)IBA 05/01/2000 - "In view of these, a study has been carried out on the activity of membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase, using RBC membrane, serum digoxin, magnesium and glycosaminoglycan levels in patients of mucoid angiopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis and syndrome X. Significant decrease in the membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase was observed in patients while serum digoxin levels showed an increase. "
10.	pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)IBA 08/01/2008 - "The objectives of the present study were to determine whether serum NT-proBNP was high in patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) and CP, and to investigate how this relates to diastolic dysfunction. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 02/27/2007 - "In this report, we describe the first case of a patient with endomyocardial fibrosis due to HES who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation at our institution. " 01/01/2005 - "[Heart transplantation in a patient with endomyocardial fibrosis]." 12/01/2004 - "Surgical resection of regional endomyocardial fibrosis was not possible and our patient was referred for cardiac transplantation. " 05/01/1991 - "Heterotopic heart transplantation in endomyocardial fibrosis]." 11/01/2015 - "Successful Heart Transplantation for Unreversible Endomyocardial Fibrosis Related to FIP1L1-PDGFRA Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia."
2.	Fontan Procedure (Fontan Operation) 01/01/2012 - "Combined endocardiectomy and bidirectional glenn shunt for right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis." 12/01/2004 - "One-and-a-half ventricle repair, consisting of endocardiectomy with tricuspid valve replacement and bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, was performed on a patient with right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. " 03/01/2004 - "Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt as a rescue procedure for right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis." 12/01/2002 - "A 25-year-old man in New York Heart Association functional class IV with right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis received a palliative bidirectional Glenn shunt. " 12/01/2002 - "Bidirectional Glenn shunt for right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis."
3.	Mitral Valve Annuloplasty 04/01/1984 - "Mitral annuloplasty in endomyocardial fibrosis." 10/01/1982 - "Mitral annuloplasty in endomyocardial fibrosis: an alternative to valve replacement."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/17/1982 - "Ischaemic heart disease was the most common underlying cause (19 patients), with cardiomyopathy (9), rheumatic heart disease (2), failed transplants (3), and endomyocardial fibrosis (1) as the other causes of myocardial disease. "
5.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 11/01/2013 - "We report a successful follow-up after 28 years of a woman with obliterative restrictive endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) that underwent complete surgical decortication with simultaneous mitral and tricuspid bioprosthetic valve replacement in 1982 and underwent successful reoperation for the structural failure of biological prostheses after 25 years."