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Encephalocele (Encephalocele, Frontal)

Brain tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur.
Also Known As:
Encephalocele, Frontal; Encephaloceles; Acquired Encephalocele; Bifid Cranium; Cephalocele; Cerebellar Hernia; Cerebellar Herniation; Cranial Meningoencephalocele; Craniocele; Cranium Bifidum; Encephalocele, Acquired; Encephalocele, Occipital; Encephalocele, Sincipital; Notoencephalocele; Sincipital Encephalocele; Tonsillar Hernia; Tonsillar Herniation; Acquired Encephaloceles; Bifid Craniums; Bifidum, Cranium; Bifidums, Cranium; Cephaloceles; Cerebellar Hernias; Cerebellar Herniations; Cerebral Hernia; Cerebral Hernias; Cranial Meningoencephaloceles; Cranioceles; Cranium Bifidums; Cranium, Bifid; Craniums, Bifid; Encephaloceles, Acquired; Encephaloceles, Frontal; Encephaloceles, Occipital; Encephaloceles, Sincipital; Frontal Encephaloceles; Hernia, Cerebellar; Hernia, Tonsillar; Hernias, Cerebellar; Hernias, Cerebral; Hernias, Tonsillar; Herniation, Cerebellar; Herniation, Tonsillar; Herniations, Cerebellar; Herniations, Tonsillar; Meningoencephalocele, Cranial; Meningoencephaloceles, Cranial; Notoencephaloceles; Occipital Encephaloceles; Sincipital Encephaloceles; Tonsillar Hernias; Tonsillar Herniations; Frontal Encephalocele; Hernia, Cerebral; Occipital Encephalocele
Networked: 460 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Spinal Dysraphism (Spina Bifida)
2. Chiari Malformation Type I with Syringomyelia
3. Syringomyelia (Morvan's Disease)
4. Neoplasms (Cancer)
5. Cleft Palate (Palate, Cleft)

Experts

1. Schlosser, Rodney J: 5 articles (04/2020 - 08/2002)
2. National Birth Defects Prevention Study: 4 articles (05/2022 - 11/2009)
3. Wanna, George B: 4 articles (01/2020 - 11/2013)
4. Feldkamp, Marcia L: 3 articles (05/2022 - 01/2010)
5. Romitti, Paul A: 3 articles (05/2022 - 11/2009)
6. Woodworth, Bradford A: 3 articles (04/2020 - 12/2010)
7. Sweeney, Alex D: 3 articles (01/2020 - 09/2015)
8. Nejat, Farideh: 3 articles (03/2017 - 01/2012)
9. Wang, Zhi-Ping: 3 articles (12/2016 - 09/2011)
10. Zhao, Zhong-Tang: 3 articles (12/2016 - 09/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Encephalocele:
1. Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric
2. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (Bone Morphogenetic Protein)IBA
3. Morphine (MS Contin)FDA LinkGeneric
4. GlucocorticoidsIBA
5. 2'- deoxythymidylyl- (3'- 5')- 2'- deoxyadenosine (d(AT))IBA
6. TESIBA
7. TeratogensIBA
09/01/1997 - "RESEARCH OBJECT: This study intends to consider an encephalocele experimental model, obtained in embryonate eggs, treated in a post-neurulation phase with chemical teratogens. "
01/01/1986 - "Teratogen-induced herniation of the occipital lobes (encephalocele) in monkey fetuses was repaired by amputation and cranioplasty in utero or postnatally. "
08/01/1976 - "The types of abnormality generally resembled those produced by lathyrogens in other species except for exencephaly and encephalocele, which occurred after treatment on day 7. These results indicate that betaAPN is a typical teratogen, capable of producing abnormalities of the central nervous system early in gestation, and may reflect a broader mechanism for its activity than previously suggested."
01/01/1988 - "Teratogen-induced herniation of the occipital lobes (encephalocele) associated with cranium bifidum in monkey fetuses (Macaca mulatta) were repaired by amputation and cranioplasty in utero or postnatally. "
12/01/2012 - "There were three patterns of abnormal cerebral lamination: (1) no normal laminar pattern before 28 weeks (n=32), in association with severe ventriculomegaly, diffuse ischemia, microcephaly, teratogen exposure or lissencephaly; (2) focal disruption of lamination before 28 weeks (n=24), associated with hemorrhage, porencephaly, stroke, migrational abnormalities, thanatophoric dysplasia, meningomyelocele or encephalocele; (3) increased prominence and echogenicity of the intermediate zone before 28 weeks and/or persistence of a laminar pattern beyond 33 weeks (n=10), associated with Type 1 lissencephaly or CMV infection. "
8. Saline SolutionIBA
9. VitaminsIBA
10. Niacinamide (Nicotinamide)FDA LinkGeneric

Therapies and Procedures

1. Decompression
2. Craniotomy
3. Mastoidectomy
4. Operative Surgical Procedures
5. Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures