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Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis)

An acute or subacute inflammatory process of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM characterized histologically by multiple foci of perivascular demyelination. Symptom onset usually occurs several days after an acute viral infection or immunization, but it may coincide with the onset of infection or rarely no antecedent event can be identified. Clinical manifestations include CONFUSION, somnolence, FEVER, nuchal rigidity, and involuntary movements. The illness may progress to COMA and eventually be fatal. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p921)
Also Known As:
Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated; Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Acute; Encephalitis, Postvaccinal; Encephalitis, Vaccination; Encephalomyelitis, Postexanthem; Encephalomyelitis, Postinfectious; Post-Vaccinal Encephalitis; Postexanthem Encephalomyelitis; Postvaccinal Encephalitis; Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitides; Encephalitis, Post Vaccinal; Encephalomyelitis, Post-Vaccinal; Post Vaccinal Encephalitis; Post Vaccinal Encephalomyelitis; Post-Vaccinal Encephalitides; Post-Vaccinal Encephalomyelitides; Encephalitis, Post-Vaccinal; Post-Vaccinal Encephalomyelitis; Vaccination Encephalitis
Networked: 530 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Optic Neuritis (Retrobulbar Neuritis)
2. Brain Diseases (Brain Disorder)
3. Encephalitis (Encephalitis, Rasmussen)
4. Transverse Myelitis (Necrotizing Myelitis)
5. Fever (Fevers)

Experts

1. Dale, Russell C: 14 articles (03/2022 - 10/2005)
2. Reindl, Markus: 13 articles (09/2020 - 03/2011)
3. Takahashi, Toshiyuki: 12 articles (01/2022 - 03/2015)
4. Höftberger, Romana: 10 articles (09/2020 - 06/2015)
5. Brilot, Fabienne: 10 articles (01/2019 - 12/2009)
6. Banwell, Brenda: 7 articles (11/2020 - 02/2007)
7. Rostasy, Kevin: 7 articles (09/2020 - 02/2007)
8. Berger, Thomas: 7 articles (11/2017 - 03/2011)
9. Nakashima, Ichiro: 6 articles (03/2021 - 10/2015)
10. Rostásy, Kevin: 6 articles (09/2020 - 08/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis:
1. SteroidsIBA
2. AntibodiesIBA
3. Myelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinIBA
4. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDA Receptors)IBA
01/01/2016 - "DRE was common in herpes simplex virus (3/9, 33%) and unknown (8/40, 20%) encephalitis, but absent in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (0/32, 0%), enterovirus (0/18), and anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-NMDAR encephalitis (0/9). "
07/01/2015 - "The review also describes immune-mediated disorders, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis, conditions that mimic virus encephalitis and account for a substantial proportion of childhood encephalitis. "
11/01/2023 - "The leading cause was enterovirus (n=49, 28%), followed by parechovirus, influenza, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), Streptococcus pneumoniae, acute-disseminated encephalomyelitis and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-associated encephalitis. "
03/01/2014 - "Three patients (2.2%) had serious PND including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 1 and anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in 2. Although all of three improved after tumor removal, one without immunotherapy had neurological sequelae and prolonged ICU stay. "
01/01/2017 - "Using cell-based assays with recombinant full-length, conformationally intact MOG, several recent studies have revealed that MOG Abs can be found in a subset of predominantly pediatric patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), monophasic or recurrent isolated optic neuritis (ON), or transverse myelitis, in atypical MS and in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-encephalitis with overlapping demyelinating syndromes. "
5. MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric
6. Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA
7. gamma-Globulins (gamma-Globulin)IBA
8. Rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link
9. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric
10. Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA

Therapies and Procedures

1. Therapeutics
2. Plasma Exchange
3. Immunotherapy
4. Contraindications
5. Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care)