Japanese Encephalitis

A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)

Also Known As:

Networked: 638 relevant articles (22 outcomes, 65 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Yellow Fever
2.	Dengue (Dengue Fever)
3.	Tick-Borne Encephalitis (Encephalitis, Tick Borne)
4.	Typhoid Fever (Typhoid)
5.	Filariasis

Experts

1.	Basu, Anirban: 15 articles (01/2015 - 06/2007)
2.	Konishi, Eiji: 15 articles (03/2014 - 01/2003)
3.	Monath, Thomas P: 12 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Guirakhoo, Farshad: 11 articles (07/2010 - 01/2002)
5.	Solomon, Tom: 10 articles (01/2015 - 03/2003)
6.	Kurane, Ichiro: 10 articles (10/2010 - 07/2002)
7.	Yoksan, Sutee: 9 articles (08/2014 - 01/2002)
8.	Dutta, Kallol: 6 articles (01/2012 - 12/2009)
9.	Lobigs, Mario: 5 articles (09/2013 - 06/2010)
10.	Mishra, Manoj Kumar: 5 articles (12/2010 - 03/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Japanese Encephalitis:

1.	VaccinesIBA 10/01/2014 - "These findings are helpful in interpreting serological test results for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis in situations where vaccines are widely administered." 12/01/2010 - "Safe and effective Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines are needed to protect populations living in or visiting endemic areas. " 11/01/2015 - "Several candidate vaccines based on 17D have advanced to human trials, and a chimeric recombinant Japanese encephalitis vaccine utilizing the 17D backbone has been licensed. " 03/01/1999 - "Placebo-controlled field efficacy trials of new Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines may be impractical. " 12/01/1946 - "Studies on chick embryo vaccines against Japanese B encephalitis."
2.	Neutralizing AntibodiesIBA 07/01/2010 - "During a survey, we found that 21 (21%) of 102 children aged 1-5 years, who had no history of Japanese encephalitis vaccination and were without detectable neutralizing antibodies, showed positive results with this ELISA system. " 04/01/2001 - "The plaque reduction neutralization test is the gold standard for detecting and quantifying Japanese encephalitis neutralizing antibodies. " 11/01/2003 - "Seroepidemiology study of Japanese encephalitis neutralizing antibodies in southern Taiwan: a comparative study between urban city and country townships." 10/01/2014 - "To understand the genotypic characteristics and the neutralizing antibody levels of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) in both vector mosquitoes and in healthy people of Zhejiang province. " 03/28/2012 - "Modelling the long-term persistence of neutralizing antibody in adults after one dose of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine."
3.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 01/01/1985 - "Detection of IgM anti-JE activity by the antibody-capture immunoassay is superior to the HI method for establishing a diagnosis of acute Japanese encephalitis using dried blood specimens." 07/15/2006 - "Of the 223 children tested, 77 had positive results for Japanese encephalitis immunoglobulin M. " 01/01/1985 - "Improved surveillance of Japanese encephalitis by detection of virus-specific IgM in desiccated blood specimens." 01/01/2008 - "The present study was carried out between July 2003 and December 2005 in PGIMER, Chandigarh, India and aimed to compare IgM capture ELISA and nested RT-PCR for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis (JE). " 12/01/2015 - "How many patients with anti-JEV IgM in cerebrospinal fluid really have Japanese encephalitis?"
4.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2015 - "Positive samples obtained in birds were next retested with virus microneutralisation test to confirm positive results and cross-reactions with other antigens of the Japanese encephalitis complex. " 01/01/1995 - "This study reports the pathological findings and the distribution of viral antigen in the brains of 13 confirmed and autopsied cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in correlation with other virus-specific immunological parameters measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antemortem. " 11/01/1985 - "Japanese encephalitis: immunocytochemical studies of viral antigen and inflammatory cells in fatal cases." 04/01/1985 - "The study of the dynamics of fluorescence intensity permitted the objective evaluation of the previously revealed regularity in the increase of the intensity of the induced fluorescence of Japanese encephalitis antigen in continuous cell cultures." 04/01/1971 - "A study was carried out to evaluate the reliability of and to determine the mechanism involved in an antigen extinction mouse intraperitoneal (ip) challenge test for potency of a cell culture vaccine for Japanese B encephalitis, a modification of a test originated by Sabin for a mouse brain vaccine. "
5.	ChimeriVaxIBA 11/01/2004 - "ChimeriVax-Japanese encephalitis (JE), the first live- attenuated vaccine developed with this technology has successfully undergone phase I and II clinical trials. " 12/01/2013 - "Japanese B Encephalitis: An Overview of the Disease and Use of Chimerivax-JE as a Preventative Vaccine." 05/01/2005 - "Cutaneous delivery of a live, attenuated chimeric flavivirus vaccine against Japanese encephalitis (ChimeriVax)-JE) in non-human primates." 01/15/2002 - "A ChimeriVax vaccine was developed against Japanese encephalitis (JE). " 12/01/2001 - "The "Chimerivax" platform has been used to construct chimeric Japanese encephalitis and dengue viruses that are in different phases of development. "
6.	InsecticidesIBA 02/01/2000 - "Laboratory studies were carried out to ascertain the current susceptibility status of adult and larval stages of the Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito, vector of Japanese encephalitis, to various insecticides used under public health programs in India. " 01/01/2013 - "These results indicate that careful selection and rotational use of these insecticides may result in continued satisfactory control against field populations of Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes." 01/01/2006 - "Differential tolerance of two morphological variants of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), a Japanese encephalitis vector, to pyrethroid insecticides in Mysore, India." 06/01/2003 - "An entomological survey in Kurnool and Mahboobnagar districts of Andhra Pradesh state, India was undertaken in January, 2002 to find out vector population of Japanese Encephalitis and their susceptibility status to different insecticides. " 09/01/1997 - "A note on tolerance to insecticides in Culex vishnui, a Japanese encephalitis vector."
7.	PeptidesIBA 04/01/2015 - "Individuals who were seronegative, but had received the Japanese encephalitis vaccine too made no responses, suggesting that the peptides used in this assay did not cross react with the Japanese encephalitis virus. " 02/01/1980 - "Polypeptides of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses." 11/01/1992 - "Analysis of these peptides delineated at least two B-cell epitopes that induced antibody reactive with MVE and other Japanese encephalitis serocomplex viruses. " 09/01/1994 - "Experiments to study Dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis peptides vaccines and their effectiveness in protection against Dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis are needed. " 06/01/1989 - "Heterologous flavivirus antisera also exhibited binding to the majority of peptides reactive with anti-DEN-2 virus sera, though 4 candidate DEN-2 specific epitopes were identified along with an immunodominant epitope common to dengue, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. "
8.	Ribavirin (Virazole)FDA LinkGeneric 02/15/2009 - "We attempted to determine the efficacy of oral ribavirin treatment for reducing early mortality among children with Japanese encephalitis in Uttar Pradesh, India. " 02/15/2009 - "For the dosage schedule used in our study, oral ribavirin has no effect in reducing early mortality associated with Japanese encephalitis. " 02/15/2009 - "Randomized, controlled trial of oral ribavirin for Japanese encephalitis in children in Uttar Pradesh, India." 10/01/1984 - "Combinations of ribavirin and tiazofurin were synergistic against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis (fractional inhibitory concentrations, 0.41 and 0.48, respectively) but showed additive effects against Korean hemorrhagic fever virus. " 10/01/1984 - "Combinations of ribavirin and selenazofurin were synergistic against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Pichinde viruses, with fractional inhibitory concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, respectively, but showed additive effects against Korean hemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever viruses. "
9.	EpitopesIBA 04/09/1999 - "Yellow fever 17D virus, a safe and effective live, attenuated vaccine, was used as a vector for genes encoding the protective antigenic determinants of a heterologous member of the genus Flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, the leading cause of acute viral central nervous system infection and death throughout Asia. " 01/01/1991 - "Recognition of helper T cell epitopes in envelope (E) glycoprotein of Japanese encephalitis, west Nile and Dengue viruses." 11/01/1988 - "A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against an Indian strain of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus was used to map topographically the epitopes on the envelope protein. " 12/01/1993 - "Theoretical methods to delineate antibody inducing epitopes have been employed to predict antigenic determinants on envelope glycoprotein (gpE) of Japanese encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN) and Dengue (DEN) I-IV viruses. " 11/01/1991 - "A peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining method was used to examine the immunoreactivity of the antigenic determinants in recombinant virus-infected Sf-9 cells with human sera obtained from dengue (DEN) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) endemic areas (41 sera from DEN patients and 39 sera from JE patients or individuals with high JE-antibody titers). "
10.	Inactivated VaccinesIBA 09/08/1988 - "Protection against Japanese encephalitis by inactivated vaccines." 01/01/1992 - "In China, a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine, based on strain SA14-14-2, has been derived from the wild-type strain SA14 as an alternative to the current inactivated vaccines such as Nakayama-NIH and P-3. " 12/01/2001 - "Licensed live attenuated vaccines have been developed for yellow fever (strain 17D) and Japanese encephalitis (strain SA14-14-2) viruses, and inactivated vaccines have been developed for Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 11/28/2007 - "The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) protective antibody in HIV-infected children with immune recovery after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and evaluate response to JE revaccination. " 11/28/2007 - "Japanese encephalitis vaccination in HIV-infected children with immune recovery after highly active antiretroviral therapy."
2.	Injections 04/01/2010 - "The new Japanese encephalitis vaccine comes in ready-to-use syringes and is administered in 2 injections, 4 weeks apart. " 04/01/2010 - "Until 2007, Jevax was the only Japanese encephalitis vaccine available in France but the duration of seroprotection after vaccination and exact timing of booster injections was unclear for travelers from non-endemic areas. " 01/08/2010 - "For adults the standard administration of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine IXIARO is two injections of 6 microg in a 28-day interval. " 09/01/2014 - "Japanese encephalitis, rotavirus, rubella and injectable polio vaccine: Four new tools in the immunization programme of India." 01/01/2004 - "There is no licensed vaccine against dengue fever and current vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Japanese encephalitis are expensive and require several injections. "
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/17/2015 - "Seroprotection rates for measles, rubella, mumps, varicella, hepatitis B, pertussis, and Japanese encephalitis after post-transplant immunization were 44% (11/25), 70% (19/27), 48% (12/25), 32% (6/19), 83% (19/23), 87% (13/15), and 88% (7/8), respectively. " 04/01/2009 - "Routine and specific vaccinations for solid organ transplant recipients, as well as travel-related vaccination (such as hepatitis A, typhoid, meningococcal meningitis, rabies, tick-born encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and cholera) should be considered during a specific pretravel medical consultation. "
4.	Jet Injections 01/01/2005 - "Needle-free jet injection of a mixture of Japanese encephalitis DNA and protein vaccines: a strategy to effectively enhance immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine in a murine model." 10/28/2010 - "Needle-free jet injection of small doses of Japanese encephalitis DNA and inactivated vaccine mixture induces neutralizing antibodies in miniature pigs and protects against fetal death and mummification in pregnant sows."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2011 - "Chemotherapy in Japanese encephalitis (JE) is at present entirely supportive and not targeted at the virus. " 06/01/2011 - "Chemotherapy in Japanese encephalitis: are we there yet?" 11/01/2007 - "The findings possibly open the way for the development of a general chemotherapy against flavivirus diseases such as Dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever and yellow fever."