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Arbovirus Encephalitis (Epidemic Encephalitis)

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Infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families TOGAVIRIDAE; FLAVIVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; and RHABDOVIRIDAE. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by ZOONOSES, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) or TICKS. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and COMA. (From Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116; Walton, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, 10th ed, p321)

Also Known As:

Epidemic Encephalitis; Encephalitis, Arbovirus; Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitis; Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne; Encephalitis, Mosquito-Borne; Viral Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne; Arbovirus Encephalitides; Arthropod Borne Encephalitis; Arthropod Borne Viral Encephalitis; Arthropod-Borne Encephalitides; Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides; Encephalitides, Arbovirus; Encephalitides, Arthropod-Borne; Encephalitides, Arthropod-Borne Viral; Encephalitides, Epidemic; Encephalitides, Mosquito-Borne; Encephalitis, Arthropod Borne; Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne Viral; Encephalitis, Mosquito Borne; Epidemic Encephalitides; Mosquito Borne Encephalitis; Mosquito-Borne Encephalitides; Viral Encephalitides, Arthropod-Borne; Viral Encephalitis, Arthropod Borne; Arthropod-Borne Encephalitis; Encephalitis, Epidemic; Mosquito-Borne Encephalitis

Networked: 27 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Human Influenza (Influenza)
2.	Hepatitis
3.	Infection
4.	Syphilis
5.	Respiratory Insufficiency (Respiratory Failure)

Experts

1.	Beckham, J David: 1 article (12/2015)
2.	Tyler, Kenneth L: 1 article (12/2015)
3.	Zhang, Zhi-Guo: 1 article (03/2013)
4.	Wang, Ke-Xia: 1 article (01/2012)
5.	Wang, Miao: 1 article (01/2012)
6.	Zhang, Chen: 1 article (01/2012)
7.	Ma, Xue-Jun: 1 article (01/2012)
8.	Qin, Meng: 1 article (01/2012)
9.	Wang, Huan-Yu: 1 article (01/2012)
10.	He, Bin: 1 article (01/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Arbovirus Encephalitis:

1.	Suramin (Suramin Sodium)IBA 01/01/2003 - "In this study, the mechanism by which Suramin inhibits the replication of epidemic encephalitis B virus was explored to provide a theoretical basis for its further application in clinical practice. " 01/01/2003 - "At the concentration of 50 microg/ml of Suramin, HepG2 and IMR-32 infected with epidemic encephalitis B virus decreased by 51.8% and 0.03% respectively, as compared with controls. "
2.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2005 - "The Isatis indigotica extract is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of influenza, epidemic hepatitis, epidemic encephalitis B etc. The goal of this study was to investigate whether coinjection of the Isatis indigotica extract with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) DNA vaccine could increase the protective immune response. "
3.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 12/01/1941 - "Diagnosis of Epidemic Encephalitis by Complement-fixation Tests." 10/03/1941 - "DIAGNOSIS OF EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS BY COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TEST." 03/01/1959 - "A limited survey of human sera for complement-fixing antibodies against arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses."
4.	AntibodiesIBA 12/01/1996 - "Prevalence of antibodies to mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses in residents of the Coachella Valley, California." 07/01/1996 - "Antibodies to arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses in small mammals from southern Florida." 03/01/1959 - "A limited survey of human sera for complement-fixing antibodies against arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses."
5.	InterferonsIBA 07/01/1973 - "Late therapy of an arbovirus encephalitis in mice with interferon and interferon stimulators." 01/01/1971 - "Late therapy with an interferon stimulator in an arbovirus encephalitis in mice."
6.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 10/01/1974 - "Immunoglobulin M in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with arbovirus encephalitis and other infections of the central nervous system." 06/01/2000 - "A unique urban encephalitis epidemic in Romania signaled the emergence of neurological infection due to West Nile (WN) virus as a novel public health threat in Eastern Europe and provided an opportunity to evaluate patterns of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM reactivity in IgM capture and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). "
7.	primorIBA 01/01/1976 - "[Catamnesis of patients sustaining the acute period of epidemic encephalitis in Primor'e]." 01/01/1976 - "[Clinical variants of epidemic encephalitis in Primor'e]."
8.	VaccinesIBA 02/01/2001 - "Japanese encephalitis virus is numerically the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis; its geographical area is expanding despite the availability of vaccines. "
9.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Initially, we optimized the analytical validation of the GeXP analyzer and its design of workflow and simultaneously detected eight arboviruses that related to epidemic encephalitis by verifying the specificity of mRT-PCR with Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) cell cultures and positive strains identified previously and determining the sensitivity with in vitro-transcribed RNA of serial dilutions. "
10.	RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase (Reverse Transcriptase)IBA 03/01/2002 - "Simultaneous detection of three mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses (eastern equine, La Crosse, and St. Louis) with a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Chinese Traditional Medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 10/01/1982 - "[Acute febrile diseases--a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of epidemic encephalitis B]." 03/01/1992 - " Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used successfully in treating cholera, syphilis, epidemic encephalitis, influenza, and hepatitis with a great variety of clinical treatment measures and experiences. "
2.	Acupuncture Points (Acupuncture Point) 03/01/2013 - "[Acupuncture at acupoints of the Governor Vessel and the Conception Vessel for 24 cases of sequela of epidemic encephalitis]."
3.	Tracheostomy 01/01/1973 - "[Tracheostomy and respiratory care in epidemic encephalitis B with respiratory failure]."
4.	Nursing Care 12/01/1965 - "[Nursing care of patients with type B epidemic encephalitis]."
5.	Immunotherapy 04/01/1982 - "[A discussion on the immunotherapy of epidemic encephalitis B (author's transl)]."