Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Blocking of maternal circulation by AMNIOTIC FLUID that is forced into uterine VEINS by strong UTERINE CONTRACTION near the end of pregnancy. It is characterized by the sudden onset of severe respiratory distress and HYPOTENSION that can lead to maternal DEATH.

Also Known As:

Networked: 318 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
2.	Shock
3.	Hemorrhage
4.	Eclampsia
5.	Uterine Rupture

Experts

1.	Kanayama, Naohiro: 11 articles (01/2021 - 01/2011)
2.	Itoh, Hiroaki: 5 articles (12/2020 - 06/2014)
3.	Tamura, Naoaki: 5 articles (12/2020 - 06/2014)
4.	Clark, Steven L: 5 articles (01/2020 - 02/2014)
5.	Ikeda, Tomoaki: 5 articles (10/2018 - 01/2011)
6.	Oda, Tomoaki: 3 articles (12/2020 - 04/2017)
7.	Suzuki, Kazunao: 3 articles (12/2020 - 06/2014)
8.	Uchida, Toshiyuki: 3 articles (12/2020 - 06/2014)
9.	Pacheco, Luis D: 3 articles (01/2020 - 08/2016)
10.	Kobayashi, Hiroshi: 3 articles (12/2017 - 04/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Amniotic Fluid Embolism:

1.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1984 - "[Efficacy of heparin in experimental amniotic fluid embolism]." 01/01/1985 - "[Determination of the heparin dose for preventing thrombohemorrhagic complications caused by amniotic fluid embolism]." 08/01/1984 - "[Favorable result of the use of heparin in 2 cases of amniotic fluid embolism]." 02/01/1969 - "Heparin treatment of amniotic fluid embolism." 12/29/1984 - "Heparin therapy in the primary phase of amniotic fluid embolism."
2.	Fibrinogen (Factor I)FDA Link 01/01/2021 - "This study aimed to determine whether blood loss and fibrinogen can differentiate amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) from postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). " 12/01/2017 - "This study aimed to investigate the rate of coagulopathy progression in amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), using the level of fibrinogen. " 01/01/2021 - "Fibrinogen may aid in the early differentiation between amniotic fluid embolism and postpartum haemorrhage: a retrospective chart review." 11/17/1956 - "[Non-fatal amniotic fluid embolism with normal fibrinogen content]." 11/17/2023 - "In cases where postpartum hemorrhage occurs with low fibrinogen levels, it is essential to effectively identify patients with severe amniotic fluid embolism from a high incidence of specimen clotting. "
3.	Peptides (Polypeptides)IBA 11/01/2023 - "Early treatment with Fibrinogen γ-chain peptide-coated, ADP-encapsulated Liposomes (H12-(ADP)-liposomes) ameliorates post-partum hemorrhage with coagulopathy caused by amniotic fluid embolism in rabbits."
4.	Liposomes (Liposome)IBA 11/01/2023 - "Early treatment with Fibrinogen γ-chain peptide-coated, ADP-encapsulated Liposomes (H12-(ADP)-liposomes) ameliorates post-partum hemorrhage with coagulopathy caused by amniotic fluid embolism in rabbits."
5.	Ibuprofen (Motrin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1997 - "In order to investigate whether amniotic fluid could induce the release of mediators from blood cells which would damage the lungs, an isolated perfused rabbit lung (IPRL) was exposed to amniotic fluid embolism-like plasma (AFEP) and the injury of AFEP to lungs and the protective effects of ibuprofen were studied. "
6.	Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)IBA 11/01/2023 - "Early treatment with Fibrinogen γ-chain peptide-coated, ADP-encapsulated Liposomes (H12-(ADP)-liposomes) ameliorates post-partum hemorrhage with coagulopathy caused by amniotic fluid embolism in rabbits."
7.	fibrin fragment D (D-dimer)IBA 11/15/1975 - "The presence of D dimer in patient plasma suggested the efficacy of heparin in the management of haemorrhage associated with amniotic fluid embolism."
8.	Tryptases (Tryptase)IBA 03/01/2005 - "The autopsy revealed gross and microscopic findings of amniotic fluid embolism, which was confirmed with ancillary studies consisting of special stains, immunohistochemistry, and a serum tryptase level. " 01/01/1998 - "The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism: an immunohistochemical study for the quantification of pulmonary mast cell tryptase." 03/28/2002 - "A fatal case of amniotic fluid embolism with elevation of serum mast cell tryptase." 10/01/2001 - "Serum tryptase analysis in a woman with amniotic fluid embolism. " 01/01/1998 - "In this paper we have examined the presence and the pulmonary distribution of mast cell tryptase utilizing specific immunohistochemical studies and morphometric evaluation in six cases of fatal amniotic fluid embolism compared to six subjects who died following anaphylactic shock and two control groups (five and six cases respectively) of traumatic death. "
9.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 12/01/2020 - "The present study was performed to compare coagulopathy in the earlier stage between the amniotic fluid embolism patients diagnosed by Clark criteria (Clark group, n = 6), those by the Japanese criteria (Non-Clark group, n = 10), and peripartum controls and identify optimal clinical markers for earlier assessments of amniotic fluid embolism-related consumptive coagulopathy. " 01/01/2023 - "In addition, pEEG acts as a surrogate marker of cerebral perfusion, and thus as an additional monitor for impending cardiovascular collapse, as seen in amniotic fluid embolism. " 11/01/2021 - "A biomarker for amniotic fluid embolism: the search continues." 07/20/2019 - "Amniotic fluid embolism was diagnosed according to clinical criteria and supplemental serum markers. " 10/01/2016 - "A registry has been established in conjunction with the Perinatal Research Branch of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to collect both clinical information and laboratory specimens of women with suspected amniotic fluid embolism in the hopes of identifying unique biomarkers of this condition."
10.	AntigensIBA 06/01/2016 - "Amniotic fluid embolism is thought to be caused by abnormal activation of immunologic mechanisms following entry of fetal antigens into maternal circulation. " 08/01/2015 - "A search was conducted between 1966 and 2014 through the English-language literature (online MEDLINE PubMed database) using the keyword amniotic fluid embolism combined with anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid, complement activation, mast cells, fetal antigens, and idiosyncratic. " 09/01/1996 - "It has been recently suggested that amniotic fluid embolism is an anaphylactic reaction to fetal antigens. " 03/01/1993 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether amniotic fluid embolism could be detected by quantification of this antigen in maternal serum by means of an assay using antimucin monoclonal antibody TKH-2. " 11/01/2011 - "Amniotic fluid embolism is no longer regarded as an embolic disease and the contamination of the salvaged blood by foetal Rh-mismatched red blood cells can be dealt with using anti-D immunoglobulin; ABO incompatibility tends to be a minor problem since ABO antigens are not fully developed at birth. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 03/16/2022 - "In patients undergoing cesarean section, intraoperative cell salvage has a minimum effect on hemorheology and coagulation function and does not increase the risk of amniotic fluid embolism." 01/01/2022 - "Perimortem Cesarean Section in a Patient with Intrapartum Cardiorespiratory Arrest Due to a Massive Amniotic Fluid Embolism." 08/01/2019 - "The use of cell salvage during caesarean section has been increasing steadily, although there are concerns relating to cost, a perceived risk of amniotic fluid embolism, and fetal red cell sensitisation. " 01/01/2011 - "We report a case of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) after cesarean section (C/S). " 12/01/2010 - "Amniotic fluid embolism that took place during an emergent Cesarean section -A case report-."
2.	Therapeutics 11/01/2019 - "Extracorporeal Therapies for Amniotic Fluid Embolism." 05/01/2009 - "Amniotic fluid embolism: the complication of known pathomechanism but without pathogenetic therapy?" 03/01/2002 - "Although the mortality of amniotic fluid embolism remains very high, there are more and more reports of patients surviving after prompt and aggressive therapy. " 07/01/1997 - "Steck: Clinical aspects and therapy of amniotic fluid embolism. " 05/01/1997 - "[Clinical aspects and therapy of amniotic fluid embolism. "
3.	Resuscitation 07/01/2011 - "Amniotic fluid embolism is life threatening and difficult to predict or prevent condition, which should be always be kept in mind in a parturient with sudden cardiovascular collapse, so that resuscitation commences immediately, as early intervention is essential for a positive outcome. " 01/01/2019 - "During resuscitation, rotational thromboelastometry demonstrated haemostatic failure, supporting a diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism. " 01/01/2015 - "Successful resuscitation of amniotic fluid embolism applying a new classification and management strategy." 12/01/2013 - "[Prompt resuscitation by obstetric anesthesiologists saved a parturient with amniotic fluid embolism: a case report]." 08/01/2011 - "Successful recovery from delayed amniotic fluid embolism with prolonged cardiac resuscitation."
4.	Hemodiafiltration 04/01/2012 - "Continuous hemodiafiltration for potential amniotic fluid embolism: dramatic responses observed during a 10-year period report of three cases." 09/01/2001 - "Continuous hemodiafiltration for disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock due to amniotic fluid embolism: report of a dramatic response." 09/01/2001 - "We describe a 27-year-old woman with disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock due to amniotic fluid embolism after Caesarean section who responded well to continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) therapy. "
5.	General Anesthesia 04/01/2008 - "Amniotic fluid embolism presenting after uterine manipulation under general anesthesia: a case with a positive outcome." 09/01/1977 - "Diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism is difficult in a patient under general anesthesia and may initially resemble several other conditions. "