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Contagious Ecthyma (Orf)

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An infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats, affecting primarily the muzzle and lips. It is caused by a poxvirus and may be transmitted to man.

Also Known As:

Orf; Ecthyma, Contagious; Contagious Pustular Dermatitides; Dermatitides, Contagious Pustular; Pustular Dermatitides, Contagious; Pustular Dermatitis, Contagious; Contagious Pustular Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contagious Pustular

Networked: 8810 relevant articles (33 outcomes, 254 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Molluscum Contagiosum
3.	Poxviridae Infections
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
5.	Papilloma (Papillomatosis)

Experts

1.	Song, Linsheng: 45 articles (01/2016 - 10/2006)
2.	Wang, Lingling: 36 articles (01/2016 - 05/2008)
3.	Tang, Kexuan: 34 articles (07/2011 - 08/2003)
4.	Sun, Xiaofen: 32 articles (07/2011 - 08/2003)
5.	Qiu, Limei: 30 articles (11/2013 - 08/2007)
6.	Lee, Jehee: 27 articles (01/2016 - 11/2006)
7.	Zhang, Huan: 27 articles (02/2014 - 08/2007)
8.	Jiang, Shigui: 26 articles (08/2015 - 03/2008)
9.	Zhao, Jianmin: 26 articles (02/2013 - 02/2007)
10.	Whang, Ilson: 23 articles (01/2016 - 05/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Contagious Ecthyma:

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 09/01/2008 - "Identification of highly expressed, soluble proteins using an improved, high-throughput pooled ORF expression technology." 02/01/2015 - "Previous studies have demonstrated that the frame-shift protein P3N-PIPO (for the protein encoded by the open reading frame [ORF] containing 5'-terminus of P3 and a +2 frame-shift ORF called Pretty Interesting Potyviridae ORF and embedded in the P3) and CYLINDRICAL INCLUSION (CI) proteins were required for potyvirus cell-to-cell movement. " 01/01/2015 - "The present study will review the molecular mechanisms that HTLV-1 ORF-I encoded proteins have to induce dysregulation of intracellular signaling, in order to escape from immune response and to increase the infected T-cell proliferation rate. " 11/01/2009 - "In this study, we obtained the whole open reading frame (ORF) of each gene and found the deduced proteins contain some similar structures harboring a catalytic triad and an invariant "CKXXNTF" signature motif. " 06/01/2008 - "Experiments undertaken in this study were intended to confirm the sequence-based gene allocation of JPV and to determine if proteins encoded by the SH gene, the novel TM gene and ORF-X are expressed. "
2.	Initiator Codon (Start Codon)IBA 01/30/2002 - "In each case, the entire ORF, with the exception of the first nucleotide of the start codon, was eliminated and replaced by the kanMX4 cassette. " 05/08/2015 - "We found that translocation was comparatively slow early in the ORF and faster further downstream of the initiation codon. " 03/01/2015 - "These bases act as an initiation.codon facilitating the translation of ORF 2. The second functional gene expression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is located between nt positions 5642 and 8203. " 02/01/2015 - "A case of acquisition of a completely new protein through introduction of a start codon in an alternative reading frame is the protein encoded by open reading frame (orf) 9b of SARS coronavirus. " 03/01/2013 - "The simultaneous disruption of the uORF initiation codons increased the translation of the downstream ORF. "
3.	cidofovir (Vistide)FDA Link 08/01/2001 - "A case of human orf in an immunocompromised patient treated successfully with cidofovir cream." 11/01/2003 - "Treatment of orf poxvirus lesion with cidofovir cream." 12/01/2000 - "Three parapoxviruses which cause orf or related diseases in humans and animals and the orthopoxvirus, vaccinia virus, were tested for their in vitro sensitivity to cidofovir. " 07/01/2002 - "In humans, cidofovir has been used successfully in the treatment, by both the topical and intravenous route, of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum and orf in immunocompromised patients. " 12/01/2005 - "These findings provide a rationale for the use of HPMPC and other ANPs in the treatment of orf (contagious ecthyma) in humans and animals."
4.	Complementary DNA (cDNA)IBA 06/01/2013 - "Early studies on animal models, sub-genomic expression of open reading frames (ORF) and infectious cDNA clones have helped in elucidating the genome organization, important stages in HEV replication and pathogenesis. " 05/01/1999 - "The ORF of this cDNA was subcloned into an expression vector, which relieved the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) auxotrophy of a desaturase-deficient yeast strain following genetic transformation. " 09/01/2015 - "In the present study, the cDNA of open reading frame (ORF) in African ostrich (Struthio camelus) BAFF (designated OsBAFF) was cloned by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). " 10/25/2014 - "Sequence analysis of the whole cDNA of AsCrt revealed that AsCrt contains an ORF of 1221 bp. The amino acid sequence of AsCrt protein obtained in this study showed 64% homology with similar protein in human. " 01/01/2011 - "This study showed that the 5a ORF is a good candidate for an insertion site of recombinant genes for the development of IBV infectious cDNA clone as a gene transfer vector."
5.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/15/2002 - "Both percent survival and kinetics of cumulative deaths were improved using the combination DNA vaccine encoding ORF 6 and ORF 59. " 01/01/2007 - "Preliminary studies using blood of eight gay men infected by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) revealed that, for the detection of HHV-8 DNA derived from open reading frame (ORF) 26 of the HHV-8 genome, this protocol provided substantially higher rates (100%) compared to one involving red blood cell (RBC) lysis (0%) and to another requiring double density gradient centrifugation (DDGC) of leukocytes (13%). " 09/25/2002 - "These results demonstrate that shotgun DNA-arrays and ORF-based DNA-arrays are appropriate tools to study physiology of microorganism." 04/01/2000 - "As an extension of that study, a 10-kb SacI-KpnI DNA fragment, located approximately 5-15-kb upstream of kac33, was cloned and a 4.2-kb SacI-EcoRI fragment therefrom was sequenced, revealing one incomplete (designated ORF J) and three complete open reading frames (designated kasK, kasL and kasM). " 10/15/1989 - "In the present study we show by in vitro synthesis of the td intron ORF product, that the protein possesses endonuclease activity and efficiently cleaves double-stranded DNA at or near the site of intron integration. "
6.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 03/01/2011 - "In this study, the full-length mRNA sequence of the porcine MUC20 gene was determined, revealing two MUC20 alternative transcripts differing in an 18-bp deletion in the open reading frame (ORF). " 05/05/2009 - "Here, we report that uORFs correlate with significantly reduced protein expression of the downstream ORF, based on analysis of 11,649 matched mRNA and protein measurements from 4 published mammalian studies. " 04/25/2006 - "Since exon 2 contains two upstream AUGs or open reading frames (uORFs), we hypothesized that these AUGs would inhibit the translation of the downstream hAT(1)R protein ORF harbored in exon 4. This study demonstrates that the inclusion of exon 2 in hAT(1)R mRNA transcripts dramatically reduces hAT(1)R protein levels (nine-fold) and significantly attenuates Ang II responsiveness ( approximately four-fold). " 01/01/1998 - "Analysis of transcripts and time-course studies demonstrated that the UL8 protein is translated from a delayed-early expressed 3.1 kb polyadenylated mRNA which initiates within the UL9 ORF." 11/01/1993 - "mRNA studies revealed that ORF 5 formed a monocistronic operon and showed increased expression before onset of solventogenesis."
7.	Codon (Codons)IBA 09/01/2009 - "Third, protein expression can be improved by altering codon usage, based on the observation that a codon-optimized construct of one ORF yields three-fold more protein. " 10/01/2014 - "In this study, two full-length open reading frames (ORF) corresponding to the PPRV matrix (M) and haemagglutinin (H) genes underwent a codon-optimization based on insect cells, respectively. " 01/01/2011 - "Extensive studies on genotype HCV-1a demonstrated that ribosomal frameshifting supports the synthesis of core+1 protein, when ten consecutive As are present within core codons 9-11 whereas, in the absence of this motif, expression of the core+1 ORF is mediated mainly by internal translation initiation. " 01/01/2008 - "Recent studies, however, based on transfection of mammalian cells with reporter constructs have shown that translation of the core+1 ORF is mediated from internal core+1 codons. " 05/26/2015 - "In the latter domain the conserved Cys codon of the LXCXE pRB-binding motif constrains codon evolution in the overlapping MT/ALTO ORF to a binary choice between Val and Ala codons, termed here as codon-constrained Val-Ala (COCO-VA) toggling. "
8.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)IBA 08/01/2011 - "Previous studies of this RNA showed four conserved stem-loops, extensive long-range interactions (LRIs) and a small, palindromic stem-loop (SL5) within the gag open reading frame (ORF) that may act as a dimerization initiation site (DIS), enabling the virus to package two copies of its genome. " 11/01/2010 - "Expression studies demonstrated that expressing the CAX1 ORF in yeast elevates CAX1 RNA and protein levels. " 02/01/2008 - "These studies suggest that altering the fine structure of regulatory RNA or expression of a putative LAT ORF regulates the anti-apoptosis activity of LAT. " 04/05/2005 - "Sequence analysis of the M RNA, thrips transmissibility assays, G(C) protein analysis, and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that a specific nonsynonymous mutation (C1375A) in the G(N)/G(C) ORF of the M RNA resulted in the loss of thrips transmissibility without inhibition of virion assembly. " 05/10/2003 - "Mutagenesis studies revealed that the production of this protein depends on the 5' X ORF ATG, suggesting that the 3.9-kb RNA is active in translation of the X ORF. "
9.	Staphylococcal Protein A (A, Protein)IBA 11/01/1989 - "Nuclear extracts prepared from adenovirus-infected HeLa cells were cleared of E2F binding activity using the ORF 6/7 peptide-specific serum, but not the preimmune serum, suggesting that E2F and the E4 ORF 6/7 product form a protein-protein complex in solution. " 02/01/2016 - "The ORF, termed as ORF5, was further analyzed by protein functional studies to reveal the presence of a protein, Cdae-1. " 04/01/2007 - "These studies suggest that a protein encoded by ORF-E has the potential to alter the physiology or metabolism of neuronal cell types, which may be important for long-term latency." 10/15/1996 - "The results of these studies indicate that ORF AV3 does not encode a protein. " 01/15/2016 - "The PtCAg was constituted by an ORF of 927bp, encoding a protein of 34.09kDa. "
10.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 04/01/2003 - "The ORF 5 gene product of ILTV was previously described as a 60-kD glycoprotein (gp60), whereas multiple protein bands with apparent molecular masses of 85, 115, 160, and 200 kD were identified in the present study. " 12/01/2014 - "The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL11 open reading frame (ORF) encodes a putative type I transmembrane glycoprotein which displays remarkable amino acid sequence variability among different CMV isolates, suggesting that it represents an important virulence factor. " 08/01/2014 - "The ORF UL75 gene encodes envelope glycoprotein H (gH), which is essential for CMV entry into host cells and the target of the immune response in humans. " 07/01/2014 - "The genome is 11056 nt in length and contains the five core rhabdovirus genes plus an additional C gene (within the ORF of a phosphoprotein gene) and a small hydrophobic protein (between the matrix and glycoprotein genes). " 01/01/2014 - "Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) ORF UL128 protein is highly conserved among viral field isolates and functions in two different molecular forms, monomeric UL128 protein and in a complex with glycoproteins gH, gL, UL130, and UL131A protein. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cell Transplantation 06/01/2015 - "In a murine model of hematopoietic cell transplantation and infection with Δ4IDE, an mCMV-specific open reading frame (ORF) library screening assay indicated a strong CD8 T cell reactivity against the ORF-M54 product, the highly conserved and essential mCMV homolog of human CMV DNA polymerase UL54, which is a known inducer of in vivo protection against mCMV by DNA immunization. "
2.	Bite Force (Occlusal Forces) 01/01/2013 - "This study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence for the association between noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) and occlusal risk factors (ORF) [occlusal interferences in excursive movements; occlusal force; premature contacts; type of guidance; skid of centric occlusion to maximum intercuspidation] in adults. "
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 05/01/2006 - "Two giant orf lesions in a heart/lung transplant patient." 08/01/2001 - "The case is described of a renal transplant with a giant orf lesion, which continued growing instead of regressing spontaneously as is observed usually. " 10/01/1989 - "The ORF graft implanted for 1 month was found crinkled in its mid-section and the external capsule was ruptured in the graft implanted for 6 month, without crinkling. " 10/01/2010 - "This case suggests that a rapidly growing orf in transplant patients behaves as an opportunistic infection and therefore minimization should be considered along with a topical treatment." 07/01/1998 - "DNA obtained from three laboratory reference strains (U1102, R104 and St.W.) and from HHV-6 infected peripheral white blood cells of bone marrow transplant patients and blood donors was used to test the applicability of two different SSCP analysis systems for the identification of HHV-6 variants using amplicons derived by PCR from the two genomic regions described above (U11 [pp100], U67 [13R-ORF]). "
4.	Ligation 05/01/2012 - "A library of vectors that express different permuted variants of the ORF-encoded protein is created by: (i) using bacteria to select for target vectors that acquire an integrated minitransposon; (ii) excising the ensemble of ORFs that contain an integrated minitransposon from the selected vectors; and (iii) circularizing the ensemble of ORFs containing integrated minitransposons using intramolecular ligation. " 01/01/2011 - "It was clear that the ligation of exons during splicing is affected by the sequence of the intron-encoded ORF since the splice sites corresponded to the joining sites of the intron. " 05/01/2015 - "Since rapid amplification of 3' ends (RACE) as well as linker ligation of immunity transcripts expressed in the nucleus revealed polyadenylation to occur along with fragmentation, ORF-internal poly(A) site cleavage due to the high A/T content is likely to prevent functional expression of the immunity genes. " 10/20/2006 - "The ligation reaction was conducted with T4 DNA ligase, and the recombinant vector was named pEGFP/ORF. " 03/29/2004 - "Recently, by use of the 5'-RNA ligation-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RLM-RACE) technique, we sequenced and cloned the entire open reading frame (ORF) of Pyst2-L. "
5.	Lasers (Laser) 03/01/2004 - "The proteomic analysis allowed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-assisted identification of 86 protein spots which represent the product of 30 individual open reading frames (ORF). " 01/01/2015 - "In addition, a phage proteomic analysis using SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revealed that seven phage structural proteins are indeed present, supporting the ORF predictions. " 01/01/2014 - "ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA-MB-231 cell lines were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and spots of interest were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of- flight/time- of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis after downregulation of RhoGDIα using short interfering RNA (siRNA) and upregulated using GFP-tagged ORF clone of RhoGDIα. " 08/01/2007 - "By matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight analysis of the purified enzyme, ORF PA1029 was identified as a coding gene, gapor, in the sequenced genome of Pyrobaculum aerophilum. " 04/01/1996 - "Patients with either occlusion orf > 50% diameter stenosis less than 3 cm in length in the superficial femoral artery, and with two or three calf vessel run-off were eligible and randomised to receive either balloon angioplasty alone or with laser assistance. "