Echinococcosis (Hydatid Cysts)

An infection caused by the infestation of the larval form of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The liver, lungs, and kidney are the most common areas of infestation.

Also Known As:

Hydatid Cysts; Hydatid Cyst; Hydatidosis; Echinococcus Granulosus Infection; Echinococcus Infection; Hydatid Disease; Cyst, Hydatid; Cystic Echinococcoses; Echinococcoses; Echinococcoses, Cystic; Echinococcosis, Cystic; Echinococcus Granulosus Infections; Echinococcus Infections; Granulosus Infection, Echinococcus; Granulosus Infections, Echinococcus; Hydatid Diseases; Hydatidoses; Infection, Echinococcus; Infection, Echinococcus Granulosus; Infections, Echinococcus Granulosus; Cystic Echinococcosis; Cysts, Hydatid

Networked: 3475 relevant articles (226 outcomes, 399 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Infections: 526564
- Parasitic Diseases: 4870
  - Helminthiasis: 527
    - Cestode Infections: 193
      - Echinococcosis: 3475
        Alveolar echinococcosis: 505
        Hepatic Echinococcosis: 299
        Pulmonary Echinococcosis: 157

Related Diseases

1.	Cysts
2.	Echinococcosis (Hydatid Cysts)
3.	Cysticercosis
4.	Infections
5.	Rupture

Experts

1.	Wen, Hao: 47 articles (11/2021 - 10/2005)
2.	Zhang, Wenbao: 24 articles (11/2021 - 01/2003)
3.	McManus, Donald P: 23 articles (01/2020 - 01/2003)
4.	Li, Jun: 20 articles (05/2022 - 01/2003)
5.	Sarkari, Bahador: 19 articles (03/2021 - 09/2007)
6.	Lightowlers, Marshall W: 18 articles (01/2022 - 12/2002)
7.	Ito, Akira: 18 articles (02/2016 - 02/2003)
8.	Mahmoudvand, Hossein: 17 articles (06/2022 - 01/2014)
9.	Tamarozzi, Francesca: 17 articles (12/2021 - 01/2011)
10.	Brunetti, Enrico: 17 articles (01/2021 - 01/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Echinococcosis:

1.	Albendazole (Albenza)FDA Link 01/07/2015 - "Radical surgery with pre- and post-operative administration of albendazole is the best treatment option for liver hydatid cysts due to low recurrence and complication rates." 10/01/2006 - "We think that albendazole in the treatment of the hydatid disease is very effective in condition to give a continuous treatment for a long time. " 09/01/1992 - "We report a 33-year-old woman who was harboring multiple cerebral hydatid cysts and who was treated successfully with albendazole. " 12/01/2019 - "Allium Sativum Methanolic Extract (garlic) Improves Therapeutic Efficacy of Albendazole Against Hydatid Cyst: In Vivo Study." 09/01/1996 - "Albendazole in this study has proved to be effective in decreasing the viability of liver hydatid cysts when given for 3 weeks preoperatively."
2.	AntigensIBA 05/01/2018 - "The challenge to develop new serological methods (as compared to those based on the hydatid cyst fluid antigens) to meet the gold standard remains. " 01/01/2012 - "Improved serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis using the new recombinant 2B2t antigen." 09/02/2020 - "This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ELISA in the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis (CE), using parasite protoscolices antigens. " 08/06/2023 - "The circulating hydatid antigen was found in 270 out of the 273 samples with hydatidosis, with a sensitivity of 98.9% (270/273), a specificity of 94.9% (296/312) and a diagnostic efficacy of 96.8%. " 11/01/1997 - "All the hydatidosis patients responded positively by LPA to either crude or purified echinococcal antigens: 95% of them responded to either crude HCF, or a mixture of antigens A plus B and 83% to antigen B alone. "
3.	Mebendazole (Anti-Worm)FDA Link 01/01/1983 - "High oral doses of mebendazole have been only partly effective in the treatment of patients with alveolar or cystic echinococcosis, possibly due to an inadequate plasma concentration of the drug in some patients. " 01/01/1981 - "High oral doses of mebendazole have been only partly effective in the treatment of patients with alveolar or cystic echinococcosis. " 08/01/1993 - "Mebendazole seems to be effective in hydatid disease. " 03/01/1981 - "Mebendazole has proved effective in the treatment of secondary echinococcosis. " 05/01/2016 - "Enhancing the bioavailability of mebendazole by integrating the principles solid dispersion and nanocrystal techniques, for safe and effective management of human echinococcosis."
4.	Praziquantel (Biltricide)FDA Link 12/01/2005 - "To assess the epidemiological efficacy of type SRP III slow-released praziquantel-medicated bars for dogs in the prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis in man and livestock, praziquantel-medicated bars were implanted subcutaneously in over 90% of dogs in villages in north Xinjiang, China, where cystic echinococcosis is highly endemic. " 08/01/2008 - "Baited praziquantel was used to treat all registered dogs monthly by hydatid disease control officers at village level and all stray (unowned) dogs were eliminated in the counties of Hutubi and Wensu in 1987-1990 and 1990-1994 respectively. " 12/01/2005 - "Epidemiological evaluations of the efficacy of slow-released praziquantel-medicated bars for dogs in the prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis in man and animals." 07/01/1980 - "The effect of route of administration on the efficacy of praziquantel against Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs." 05/01/1978 - "Efficacy of droncit against Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs."
5.	VaccinesIBA 09/01/2008 - "New approaches to control and for the prevention of hydatidosis have been described recently, and important additional gains should be expected if the efficacy of the dog vaccines is confirmed and leads to their incorporation into future control options." 03/01/2016 - "Experimental Trial with a Heat-Shocked Protoscolex Extract as a Vaccine Candidate for Protection Against Hydatid Disease." 11/26/2012 - "granulosus, using EG95 vaccine, should occur early in life so as to provide maximum protection against the establishment of hydatid cysts. " 03/01/2019 - "Pilot field trial of the EG95 vaccine against ovine cystic echinococcosis in Rio Negro, Argentina: 8 years of work." 01/01/2017 - "Pilot field trial of the EG95 vaccine against ovine cystic echinococcosis in Rio Negro, Argentina: Humoral response to the vaccine."
6.	EnzymesIBA 01/01/2021 - "A 30 yr old female from the pastoral area in Qinghai Province, China, was diagnosed with a case of echinococcosis and diagnosis was confirmed after image studies, immunoassaying of hydatid enzymes, life history and pathology result. " 12/01/2019 - "Each mouse was subjected to measurement of hydatid cysts' sizes and weights, serum IFN-γ, liver enzymes; histopathological and transmission electron microscopy studies. " 04/01/2000 - "A descriptive serological screening study was done on human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in high risk groups selected from Cairo slaughter house employees and the household nearby using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) tests. " 05/01/1970 - "Studies on the enzymes of hydatid cyst fluid. " 03/21/2022 - "The in silico functional analysis revealed important molecular functions and processes that are active in pulmonary cystic echinococcosis, such as adhesion, extracellular structures organization, development regulation, signaling transduction, and enzyme activity. "
7.	benzimidazoleIBA 06/27/2017 - "[Progress in researches of benzimidazole in treatment of echinococcosis]." 05/01/2006 - "After the initially treatment with benzimidazole the curative surgery had been conducted and histological examination confirmed the liver echinococcosis diagnosis. " 02/01/2003 - "Benzimidazole treatment of cystic echinococcosis." 08/15/2016 - "Therefore, this novel drug may be a promising alternative to benzimidazole in anti-echinococcosis chemotherapy. " 01/01/2015 - "The patient was started on perioperative benzimidazole therapy with resection of the hydatid cyst. "
8.	ImmunosorbentsIBA 08/01/2020 - "Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in radiologically confirmed liver mass lesions for the diagnosis of hepatic hydatid disease (HHD) and to compare the diagnostic performance of ELISA with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (taken as standard) for HHD diagnosis. " 06/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to investigate whether Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) and Western Blotting (WB) methods could contribute to the assessment of clinical outcomes in genotype-defined cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients. " 07/01/2012 - "This study was conducted to test whether there is a statistically significant association between seropositivity to cystic echinococcosis and abortion in ewes and female goats from the Turkish provinces of Elazig (east Anatolia), Sanliurfa (south-east Anatolia) and Kayseri (Inner Anatolia) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). " 06/01/2011 - "Retrospectively performed serological studies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays known to provide high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of echinococcosis in the general population, yielded ambiguous results in our immunocompromised host, which could be, in part, explained by B-cell depletion and its effects on antibody production and indirect actions on cellular immunity. " 04/01/2004 - "Eighty serum specimens were used for the present study: 64 preoperative sera and nine postoperative sera, which were taken from AH patients in Hokkaido, and seven sera from persons who were ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)--positive in mass screening which was conducted for checking on Echinococcus infections in Hokkaido since 1982. "
9.	AntibodiesIBA 12/01/2016 - "In conclusion, present study shows that antibodies against hydatidosis have been detected in Iran equine population. " 01/01/2012 - "In the present study, anti- Echinococcus antibodies were investigated by ELISA in patient's serum samples, which were routinely delivered to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine due to suspected hydatid cyst. " 01/01/2012 - "To further investigate the epidemiology of echinococcosis in Greece a study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of Echinococcus granulosus antibodies in the population of Thessaly, Central Greece. " 05/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to investigate anti-E granulosus antibodies by ELISA test as a complementary laboratory method in the diagnosis of human echinococcosis. " 01/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the anti-Echinococcus antibodies in garbage men in Malatya who are regarded as high risk-group with regard to hydatid cysts. "
10.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 09/01/2019 - "Using this approach in combination with imaging studies, the SERION ELISA classic Echinococcosis IgG test can be a useful aid in the diagnosis of CE." 10/01/2000 - "This study shows the usefulness of the commercially available Echinococcus Western Blot IgG for the serological confirmation of human echinococcosis." 06/01/2000 - "The aim of the study is to evaluate the IgG subclasses for the diagnosis and follow-up of hydatidosis disease. " 03/01/2024 - "The assays are Anti-Echinococcus ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun), Echinococcus IgG ELISA (DRG), Echinococcus IgG ELISA (IBL International), Echinococcus Western Blot IgG (LDBIO Diagnostics), EUROLINE WB (Euroimmun), Hydatidosis ELISA IgG (VirCell), Hydatidosis VIRCLIA IgG Monotest (VirCell), Ridascreen Echinococcus IgG (R-Biopharm), and Virapid Hydatidosis (VirCell). " 08/01/2023 - "Simultaneous test of sera with anti-LHCF IgG ELISA and anti-LAgB IgG ELISA would be the best in the diagnosis of human liver cystic echinococcosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2012 - "Although several therapeutic strategies have proven to be effective for hydatid cyst of liver, but surgery is still the most common therapy despite its morbidity and mortality. " 12/01/2009 - "Surgery remains the gold standard in terms of therapy for patients with echinococcosis of the liver despite significant economic costs, advances in medical treatment, and interventional radiology. " 01/01/2014 - "Neither surgery nor medical therapy is generally effective for bone, especially spinal hydatidosis. " 11/01/2004 - "New therapeutic strategies incorporate endoscopic, percutaneous, and medical therapies with surgery and have allowed an improvement in morbidity and mortality due to hydatid cysts of the liver. " 12/01/2011 - "The need to identify improved therapy against cystic echinococcosis (CE) has motivated pharmacology-based research. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2009 - "Is primary chemotherapy effective in large hydatid cyst of liver?" 01/01/2016 - "he s Because there is no effective and safe drug therapy for hydatid cyst, finding of some new agents especially from herbal origin with a desired scolicidal effect attracts great attention for treatment and pre-surgical use to prevent the hydatid cyst recurrence. " 01/01/2022 - "Applied aspects should include developing improved tools for the diagnosis and chemotherapy of cystic echinococcosis of humans." 01/01/2018 - "The treatment of hydatid cyst ranges from surgical intervention to chemotherapy, although the efficacy of chemotherapy is still unclear. " 12/01/2015 - "In the last decades, achievements were obtained for the surgery and drug therapies for echinococcosis, as well as for studies on genomics, signaling pathways, and liver proliferation and injury of the intermediate hosts. "
3.	Length of Stay 06/01/1995 - "Percutaneous drainage of renal hydatid cysts is a safe and effective method for preventing renal loss, and decreasing morbidity and the duration of hospital stay. " 03/01/2022 - "Our study aimed (1) to summarize the most common surgical approaches for treating liver hydatid cyst (HC) in our locality, and (2) to highlight common intraoperative and postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay. " 09/21/2023 - "Echinococcosis led to 582 hospitalizations in Portuguese public hospitals, with an average hospital stay of 11 days (±15.66), and resulted in 13 deaths (2.23%) from 2008 to 2018. " 01/01/2022 - "The use of laparoscopic surgery for echinococcosis of the liver reduced intraoperative blood loss, duration of operation, hospital stay. " 09/01/2021 - "In a seminal prospective study comparing percutaneous drainage and surgery, we showed that percutaneous drainage is as good as surgery in the management of uncomplicated hydatid cysts with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays. "
4.	Cystectomy 02/01/2004 - "This method is simple and effective for obliteration of extremely large residual cavities after cystectomy for liver hydatidosis. " 09/01/2010 - "According to our experiences, transthoracic approach in lung hydatidosis, external drainage, and cystectomy in liver hydatidosis is safe and effective choices in surgical treatment." 07/01/1995 - "Cystectomy with pedicled omentoplasty appears to be safe and effective in the management of renal hydatid disease." 08/01/2021 - "The gold standard surgical treatment for ovarian hydatid cyst is cystectomy. " 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in follow-up patients treated with open partial cystectomy of liver hydatid cysts."
5.	Operative Surgical Procedures 12/03/2019 - "Laparoscopic partial pericystectomy with omentoplasty is a safe and effective surgical procedure for the management of splenic hydatid disease." 02/01/2005 - "Surgical procedures are considered the gold standard treatment of hydatid cysts. " 12/01/1991 - "A review of data on 23 patients with hydatid cysts of the liver that were diagnosed between 1935 and 1990 at our institution was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of various surgical procedures. " 08/01/2016 - "Aim This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of radical and conservative surgical procedures for removal of hydatid cysts in the liver of children. " 02/28/2010 - "The study comprised 59 patients in two groups who had undergone radical and conservative surgical procedures for liver hydatid disease in our department between 2004 and 2009. "