Dysgerminoma

A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)

Also Known As:

Networked: 429 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 27 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Seminoma
3.	Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms (Germ Cell Tumor)
4.	Teratoma (Teratoid Tumor)
5.	Endodermal Sinus Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumors)

Experts

1.	Cheng, Liang: 6 articles (05/2011 - 10/2004)
2.	Schneider, Dominik T: 5 articles (01/2013 - 05/2003)
3.	Looijenga, Leendert H J: 5 articles (01/2012 - 02/2002)
4.	Roth, Lawrence M: 5 articles (05/2011 - 10/2004)
5.	Zheng, Wenxin: 5 articles (05/2011 - 10/2004)
6.	Oosterhuis, J Wolter: 4 articles (01/2012 - 02/2002)
7.	Stoop, Hans: 4 articles (01/2012 - 02/2002)
8.	Karim, Fadi W Abdul: 4 articles (08/2006 - 10/2004)
9.	Jones, Timothy D: 3 articles (08/2006 - 11/2005)
10.	Michael, Helen: 3 articles (04/2006 - 10/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dysgerminoma:

1.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1991 - "Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly effective in patients with advanced dysgerminoma." 01/01/2016 - "With cisplatin-based chemotherapy, most patients with ovarian dysgerminoma will survive long-term. " 09/01/1995 - "Twelve patients with dysgerminoma of the ovary were treated with various cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens. " 09/01/1995 - "Cisplatin-based chemotherapy in dysgerminoma of the ovary: thirteen-year experience at the Institut Gustave Roussy." 01/01/1993 - "A definitive report was published demonstrating the activity of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (BEP) in patients with advanced dysgerminoma. "
2.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1967 - "[The effective treatment of a patient with metastatic dysgerminoma of the ovary with endoxan (1 observation)]." 06/01/2000 - "The patient had received cyclophosphamide as part of a high-dose chemotherapy regimen for recurrent suprasellar dysgerminoma prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. " 01/01/1985 - "[Complete remission of recurrent ovarian dysgerminoma obtained by combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide]." 07/01/1986 - "We investigated the effectiveness of a single-agent therapy with Vincristine (VCR), Actinomycin D (ACD), and Cyclophosphamide (CPM) against a human undifferentiated dysgerminoma's cell line (JOHYL-1) with the following results. " 01/01/1979 - "The experience has shown that including of olivomycin and cyclophosphane in the chemotherapy for spermatocytic seminomas and of methatrexate and dactinomycin for dysgerminomas with the trophoblast elements enhances the effectiveness of the treatment. "
3.	Keratins (Keratin)IBA 08/01/2006 - "Our study demonstrates that cytokeratin expression in dysgerminomas is not unusual and is consistent with the hypothesis that dysgerminomas have the capacity to differentiate along epithelial lines. " 08/01/2006 - "Cytokeratin and CD30 expression in dysgerminoma." 08/01/1983 - "A single case of dysgerminoma failed to reveal keratin by any method." 08/01/2020 - "Solid pattern extragonadal vaginal YST may morphologically resemble dysgerminoma that is also CD117 positive, while the glandular pattern YST may have clear cytoplasm and is positive for cytokeratin; hence, may resemble clear cell carcinoma. " 01/01/1993 - "BW 495/36 and to a lesser extent HMFG-2 were usually found in all ovarian tumors that contained simple epithelial keratins, except the absence of HMFG-2 in gonadal tumors as well as in dysgerminomas. "
4.	PlatinumIBA 01/01/2018 - "Dysgerminoma has an excellent prognosis even in advanced cases with conservative surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. " 05/01/2011 - "Conservative surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy is considered the standard approach for pure ovarian dysgerminoma (POD), except for correctly staged IA patients. " 01/01/2017 - "Surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for MOGCTs, except for stage IA dysgerminoma and stage IA grade 1 immature teratoma where surveillance only is recommended. " 11/01/2000 - "Platinum-based chemotherapy was used in 5/10 patients with dysgerminoma and in 17/21 patients with nondysgerminomatous tumors, with a 5-year survival of 100% for the dysgerminoma and 53% for the nondysgerminomatous group. " 01/01/2008 - "Relapse rates for stage IA nondysgerminomatous tumors and dysgerminomas were 8 of 22 (36%) and 2 of 9 (22%), respectively, plus one patient with mature teratoma and glial implants also relapsed; 10 of these 11 patients (91%) were successfully cured with platinum-based chemotherapy. "
5.	Periodic AcidIBA 02/01/1995 - "It was revealed, by preserving its antigenicity after treatment with periodic acid and tunicamycin and by radiolabeling cells followed by immunoprecipitation, that the molecule defined by 6E2 is a cell surface protein having a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa. These data illustrate that the molecule defined by 6E2 links human germ cell tumors, especially embryonal carcinoma, seminoma and dysgerminoma, to their normal counterparts and that it may play a role in survival and proliferation of human EC cells." 11/15/1983 - "Although most cases were referred with diagnoses other than lymphoma (granulosa cell tumor or dysgerminoma, occasionally anaplastic tumor, Krukenberg tumor, or metastatic breast carcinoma), utilization of sections cut at 4 mu and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or sections stained by the methyl green pyronine (MGP), naphthol-ASD esterase (NASD) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods helped bring out the lymphoid or hematopoietic nature of the cells. "
6.	Hematoxylin (Haematoxylon)IBA 07/01/1992 - "Microscopic examination of formalin fixed, hematoxylin and eosin and silver stained tissue sections revealed the masses to be composed of primordial germ cells arranged in a pattern morphologically compatible with dysgerminoma as described in women and other mammals. " 11/15/1983 - "Although most cases were referred with diagnoses other than lymphoma (granulosa cell tumor or dysgerminoma, occasionally anaplastic tumor, Krukenberg tumor, or metastatic breast carcinoma), utilization of sections cut at 4 mu and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or sections stained by the methyl green pyronine (MGP), naphthol-ASD esterase (NASD) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods helped bring out the lymphoid or hematopoietic nature of the cells. "
7.	Eosine Yellowish-(YS) (Eosin)IBA 07/01/1992 - "Microscopic examination of formalin fixed, hematoxylin and eosin and silver stained tissue sections revealed the masses to be composed of primordial germ cells arranged in a pattern morphologically compatible with dysgerminoma as described in women and other mammals. " 11/15/1983 - "Although most cases were referred with diagnoses other than lymphoma (granulosa cell tumor or dysgerminoma, occasionally anaplastic tumor, Krukenberg tumor, or metastatic breast carcinoma), utilization of sections cut at 4 mu and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or sections stained by the methyl green pyronine (MGP), naphthol-ASD esterase (NASD) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods helped bring out the lymphoid or hematopoietic nature of the cells. "
8.	PyronineIBA 11/15/1983 - "Although most cases were referred with diagnoses other than lymphoma (granulosa cell tumor or dysgerminoma, occasionally anaplastic tumor, Krukenberg tumor, or metastatic breast carcinoma), utilization of sections cut at 4 mu and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or sections stained by the methyl green pyronine (MGP), naphthol-ASD esterase (NASD) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods helped bring out the lymphoid or hematopoietic nature of the cells. "
9.	NaphtholsIBA 11/15/1983 - "Although most cases were referred with diagnoses other than lymphoma (granulosa cell tumor or dysgerminoma, occasionally anaplastic tumor, Krukenberg tumor, or metastatic breast carcinoma), utilization of sections cut at 4 mu and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or sections stained by the methyl green pyronine (MGP), naphthol-ASD esterase (NASD) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods helped bring out the lymphoid or hematopoietic nature of the cells. "
10.	Methyl Green (Green, Light)IBA 11/15/1983 - "Although most cases were referred with diagnoses other than lymphoma (granulosa cell tumor or dysgerminoma, occasionally anaplastic tumor, Krukenberg tumor, or metastatic breast carcinoma), utilization of sections cut at 4 mu and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or sections stained by the methyl green pyronine (MGP), naphthol-ASD esterase (NASD) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods helped bring out the lymphoid or hematopoietic nature of the cells. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/1999 - "Most patients with metastatic dysgerminoma can expect cure with maintenance of normal reproductive function when treated with conservative surgery and BEP chemotherapy." 01/01/1998 - "The PVB chemotherapy regimen is highly effective in patients with advanced ovarian dysgerminoma. " 07/01/2001 - "In the present study, all 11 patients with dysgerminoma achieved sustained complete remission (CR), irrespective of the size of residual disease at the time of chemotherapy. " 02/01/2013 - "A young woman with bulky ovarian dysgerminoma, who obtained complete disease remission after chemotherapy, subsequently developed a mediastinal mass which was initially confused with a mediastinal relapse. " 01/01/2010 - "All were stage I: the former were stage IA and cured with resection alone, and 1 was a stage IB dysgerminoma, which required chemotherapy. "
2.	Radiotherapy 05/01/1981 - "Due to improved graduated surgery techniques and large-field radiotherapy applied in all cases, the ovarial dysgerminoma has become a disease showing a high rate of recoveries. " 02/15/1991 - "A retrospective chart review and questionnaire study was undertaken to look at the long-term effects of radiation therapy in ovarian dysgerminoma patients. " 12/01/1961 - "A study of ovarian dysgerminoma with emphasis on the role of radiation therapy." 06/01/2001 - "In the early years, postoperative radiotherapy was given alone in advanced dysgerminoma stages. " 10/01/1995 - "The patient had a history of dysgerminoma of left ovary 15 years previously and had undergone surgery followed by radiotherapy and an uneventful recovery. "
3.	Hysterectomy 11/01/1990 - "However, even women with stage I dysgerminoma do not require hysterectomy. " 03/01/1988 - "Abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, and adjuvant radiation is currently the treatment of choice for patients with more advanced dysgerminoma." 04/01/1980 - "At abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy a dysgerminoma on the left side was found as well as on the right side gonadal stroma and rudiments of the Wolffian duct. " 01/01/2000 - "However, the remaining nine cases were referred to the unit, six after having unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and no surgical staging, one patient after total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH+BSO), and one with recurrent dysgerminoma in the retroperitoneum and mediastinum following suboptimal treatment. " 10/01/1992 - "After a brief period for observation and hydration, abdominal exploration revealed a stage III dysgerminoma; total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. "
4.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy) 09/01/1983 - "The adoption of efficacious polychemotherapy regimens completely changed the prognosis of germ cell tumours other than dysgerminomas (from 29% to greater than 85% disease-free survivors in the present series)." 12/01/2023 - "Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of dysgerminoma with peritoneal involvement, resulting in a FIGO IC and TNM T1C classification, and the patient received fertility-sparing polychemotherapy with satisfactory progression. " 12/01/2000 - "A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by combination chemotherapy can be the treatment of choice for any woman who wishes to preserve her capacity for conception at the time of operation for dysgerminoma of the ovary." 07/01/1982 - "Between 1977 and 1981 21 patients with metastatic ovarian germ cell tumours received sequential combination chemotherapy; 18 had malignant teratomas and three dysgerminomas. " 01/01/1993 - "The three patients with epithelial tumors have died under second-line chemotherapy, whereas the dysgerminoma patient is responding well to rescue polychemotherapy. "
5.	Ovariectomy (Oophorectomy) 04/01/2020 - "Furthermore, bilateral oophorectomy was performed, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian dysgerminoma. " 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this article is to present a case report of 18-years-old patient with a left ovary dysgerminoma who had undergone a surgery--left-side ovariectomy. " 08/01/1987 - "The need for bilateral oophorectomy in girls with dysgerminoma can similarly be questioned. " 07/01/2000 - "Patients with Stage IB, IC or higher with non-dysgerminoma are treated with USO plus chemotherapy or USO with contralateral partial ovariectomy plus chemotherapy. " 12/01/1987 - "For patients with stage IA1 dysgerminoma who have undergone unilateral oophorectomy, two treatment options seem reasonable: (1) observation, with radiation therapy reserved for subsequent recurrence, or (2) prophylactic radiation therapy (2,000 cGy) to para-aortic and ipsilateral common iliac lymph nodes, which would preserve fertility."