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Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)

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DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).

Also Known As:

Shigellosis; Dysentery, Shigella; Dysentery, Bacillary; Dysentery, Shiga bacillus; Dysentery, Shigella boydii; Dysentery, Shigella dysenteriae; Dysentery, Shigella dysenteriae type 1; Dysentery, Shigella flexneri; Dysentery, Shigella sonnei; Shigella Dysentery; Dysenteries, Shigella; Dysenteries, Shigella boydii; Dysenteries, Shigella dysenteriae; Dysenteries, Shigella flexneri; Dysenteries, Shigella sonnei; Shiga bacillus Dysentery; Shigella Dysenteries; Shigella boydii Dysenteries; Shigella boydii Dysentery; Shigella dysenteriae Dysenteries; Shigella dysenteriae Dysentery; Shigella flexneri Dysenteries; Shigella flexneri Dysentery; Shigella sonnei Dysenteries; Shigella sonnei Dysentery; boydii Dysenteries, Shigella; boydii Dysentery, Shigella; dysenteriae Dysenteries, Shigella; dysenteriae Dysentery, Shigella; flexneri Dysenteries, Shigella; flexneri Dysentery, Shigella; sonnei Dysenteries, Shigella; sonnei Dysentery, Shigella

Networked: 749 relevant articles (75 outcomes, 87 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Typhoid Fever (Typhoid)
3.	Cholera
4.	Salmonella Infections (Salmonellosis)
5.	Diarrhea

Experts

1.	Sansonetti, Philippe J: 12 articles (06/2014 - 05/2002)
2.	Raqib, Rubhana: 10 articles (11/2013 - 06/2002)
3.	Klebe, Gerhard: 9 articles (01/2015 - 03/2009)
4.	Diederich, François: 8 articles (01/2015 - 06/2008)
5.	Andersson, Jan: 8 articles (01/2012 - 06/2002)
6.	Sarker, Protim: 6 articles (11/2013 - 05/2003)
7.	Guerreiro, Catherine: 5 articles (11/2015 - 02/2009)
8.	Mulard, Laurence A: 5 articles (11/2015 - 02/2009)
9.	Bowen, Anna: 5 articles (06/2015 - 11/2009)
10.	Heine, Andreas: 5 articles (01/2015 - 03/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bacillary Dysentery:

1.	Nalidixic Acid FDA Link 11/01/2004 - "As a consequence, should antimicrobial therapy be indicated, the efficacy of nalidixic acid as the preferred treatment for children with bacillary dysentery has been jeopardised." 11/01/1988 - "I. Randomized, double-blind trial of nalidixic acid in childhood shigellosis." 08/01/2009 - "Nalidixic acid has been one of the most common agents used for the treatment of shigellosis. " 12/01/2002 - "Reported here is a retrospective molecular analysis of the isolates recovered from the first outbreak of nalidixic acid (NA)-resistant Shigella sonnei shigellosis to occur in Israel. " 12/01/2002 - "Retrospective analysis of the first clonal outbreak of nalidixic acid-resistant Shigella sonnei shigellosis in Israel."
2.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 12/01/2005 - "Monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility through a surveillance programme is recommended to select appropriate antibiotics for the effective treatment of shigellosis in this region." 08/01/2015 - "Although a variety of antibiotics have been effective for treatment of shigellosis, options are becoming limited due to globally emerging drug resistance. " 10/01/2014 - "Although antibiotic therapy is considered an effective treatment for shigellosis, the imprudent use of antibiotics has led to the increase of multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella species globally. " 01/01/2010 - "More trials adhering to standard guidelines are required to evaluate the role of antibiotics in the treatment of severe forms of Shigella dysentery and in groups who are at high risk of complications." 01/01/2010 - "Randomized controlled trials of antibiotics for Shigella dysentery. "
3.	Ampicillin (Omnipen)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1981 - "Thus, in highly endemic areas SD ampicillin is clinically effective therapy for ampicillin-sensitive shigellosis in patients older than four years of age." 02/01/1981 - "To evaluate a more economical regimen for severe shigella dysentery, treatment with single-dose (SD) ampicillin (100 mg/kg) was compared in a randomized trial with results obtained in a conventional five-day (100 mg/kg per 24 hr) multiple-dose (MD) course. " 01/01/2006 - "However, to avoid the loss of this choice, ampicillin which still has an high effectivity rate, should be preferred for the treatment of shigellosis with the guidence of antibiogram results. " 06/01/1990 - "Ampicillin is still the most frequently used drug for most forms of shigellosis in the Philippines. " 02/01/1981 - "Single-dose ampicillin therapy for severe shigellosis in Bangladesh."
4.	Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination (Co-Trimoxazole)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "These results demonstrate that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should not be used in the treatment of shigellosis." 03/01/1982 - "Oral or intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for shigellosis." 04/01/1979 - "Three-day treatment of shigellosis with co-trimoxazole." 04/27/1987 - "Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is currently considered the treatment of choice for shigellosis and severe travelers' diarrhea. " 06/01/2007 - "Oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of urinary tract infections, shigellosis, acute otitis media in pediatric patients, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. "
5.	VaccinesIBA 02/01/1996 - "Because it is relatively inexpensive and convenient, this model should facilitate study of the pathophysiology and immunology of shigellosis, thereby speeding development of oral vaccines, which can be tested in this animal model." 01/01/1985 - "Two attenuated strains are presently being tested in volunteer studies as candidate vaccines against shigellosis; one uses S. " 11/01/1984 - "Two attenuated strains are presently being tested in volunteer studies as candidate vaccines against shigellosis; one uses S. " 03/01/1984 - "Two attenuated strains are presently being tested in volunteer studies as candidate vaccines against shigellosis; one uses S. " 05/01/2013 - "These non-invasive, rough mutants may represent promising candidates for further development into live vaccines for the prophylaxis of bacillary dysentery in areas with multiple endemic serotypes."
6.	Furazolidone (Furoxone)FDA Link 01/01/1972 - "Failure of furazolidone therapy in shigellosis." 09/01/1968 - "Furazolidone in the treatment of institutional shigellosis." 01/01/1960 - "The evaluation of furazolidone in the treatment of shigellosis." 04/01/1959 - "A bacillary dysentery outbreak at a large university: final control with furazolidone (furoxone)." 07/01/1972 - "Clinical evaluation of co-trimoxazole and furazolidone in treatment of shigellosis in children."
7.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 08/15/1998 - "We conclude that ciprofloxacin is an effective and safe drug for use in multiply resistant childhood shigellosis." 04/03/2015 - "Nine of the cases identified by PulseNet, and another 86 cases without PFGE data, were part of a related outbreak of ciprofloxacin-resistant shigellosis in San Francisco, California. " 04/03/2015 - "CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) laboratory determined that isolates from this cluster were resistant to ciprofloxacin, the antimicrobial medication recommended to treat adults with shigellosis. " 03/01/2009 - "Based on these findings, we recommend ciprofloxacin as the drug of choice for treatment of shigellosis in Gondar, with frequent monitoring of drug susceptibility testing." 02/01/2007 - "Changing epidemiology of shigellosis and emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigellae in India."
8.	QuinolonesIBA 01/01/1988 - "Although further clinical trials are necessary to assess the comparative efficacy of the quinolones, the present clinical data already indicate that they will be of great utility, and particularly important in the treatment of drug-resistant shigellosis, which is currently a major problem in many developing nations in Asia and Africa." 01/01/1999 - "A number of randomised controlled trials of the quinolones in shigellosis have demonstrated their efficacy and safety in children. " 07/01/1995 - "Controlled studies have shown that quinolones, administered in varying regimens ranging from a single dose to 5 days treatment, significantly reduce the intensity and severity of travellers' diarrhoea as well as shigellosis. " 03/01/1991 - "No short-term adverse effects of the quinolones were observed in this study; however, its use among children should be restricted to treatment of severe shigellosis and the duration of treatment should be as short as possible." 01/06/1998 - "Quinolones are widely employed to treat shigellosis. "
9.	Trimethoprim (Proloprim)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1987 - "Although we were unable to demonstrate a difference in efficacy between the two dosage schedules of trimethoprim, we conclude that both treatment regimens are effective for the treatment of Shigella dysentery." 11/01/1987 - "Fifty-three adults hospitalized with Shigella dysentery were empirically treated with trimethoprim (200 mg) twice/day for 5 days, a single dose of trimethoprim (600 mg), or placebo in a randomized double-blind trial. " 01/01/1985 - "Before recommending trimethoprim as standard therapy for shigellosis, the validity of our results should be tested in a larger trial and the long-term ecological consequences of monotherapy carefully monitored." 11/01/1987 - "Empirical treatment of Shigella dysentery with trimethoprim: five-day course vs. single dose." 01/01/1985 - "Treatment of severe bacillary dysentery with trimethoprim alone."
10.	Streptomycin (Streptomycin Sulfate)FDA Link 01/01/1970 - "In earlier studies in man it has been demonstrated that streptomycin-dependent shigellae, if given orally in 5 sufficiently large doses, confer a very high type-specific protection against bacillary dysentery.In" 01/01/1968 - "Results of tests made in 1964 confirm the previous findings that live oral vaccine, prepared from streptomycin-dependent strains of shigellae, confers a strong, type-specific protection against acute bacillary dysentery. " 07/04/1959 - "Sulphonamides and streptomycin in bacillary dysentery; a controlled trial." 01/01/1965 - "In May 1963 a live vaccine prepared from streptomycin-dependent Shigella flexneri 2a was administered to 355 soldiers stationed in an area of Yugoslavia in which bacillary dysentery was hyperendemic. " 05/19/1956 - "Oral streptomycin in bacillary dysentery."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/1946 - "A study of chemotherapy in experimental bacillary dysentery of Macaca mulatta with emphasis on clearing of the carrier state." 10/01/2014 - "Thus, blocking Tgt dimerization is a promising strategy for drug therapy as this protein is key to the development of Shigellosis. " 07/30/1998 - "Beta-lactam resistance poses a major problem in the chemotherapy of shigellosis caused by Shigella dysenteriae. " 09/01/1985 - "Which chemotherapy for shigella dysentery?" 02/01/1963 - "Shigellosis: mass drug therapy in an institutional setting."
2.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy) 10/01/2004 - "The mainstay of treatment of shigellosis in children is correction of the fluid and electrolyte loss, which often is achieved by the administration of oral rehydration solutions. " 03/19/1983 - "Intestinal fluid loss in Shigella dysentery: role of oral rehydration therapy." 11/01/2004 - "Treatment includes use of an effective antibiotic, rehydration therapy (if there is dehydration) and appropriate feeding during and after an episode of shigellosis. " 07/01/1996 - "Rehydration therapy is the key to the management of acute watery diarrhoea, whereas antibiotics play a vital role in the management of acute invasive diarrhoea, particularly shigellosis. " 01/01/2003 - "Rehydration therapy is the key to management of acute watery diarrhea, whereas antimicrobial agents play a vital role in the management of acute invasive diarrhea, particularly shigellosis and amebiasis. "
3.	Day Care (Partial Hospitalization) 06/01/1995 - "The study's objectives were to assess (1) control of a community outbreak of shigellosis through the promotion of handwashing, (2) risk factors in day-care centers, and (3) shigellosis attributable to attendance at a day-care center. " 06/01/1986 - "Control of day care shigellosis: a trial of convalescent day care in isolation." 10/06/2006 - "This report describes the investigation of two outbreaks of MDR shigellosis associated with day care centers and reviews measures for prevention and control of S. " 06/01/1995 - "A case-control study compared day-care centers that had confirmed cases of shigellosis with centers that had none. " 06/01/1995 - "Annotation: a community-focused strategy for the control of day-care center shigellosis."
4.	Chinese Traditional Medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 09/01/1984 - "[Treatment of acute bacillary dysentery with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine combined--analysis of 117 cases]." 07/09/2013 - "(EH) is an important traditional Chinese medicine that has commonly been used for treating bacillary dysentery and enteritis in many Asian countries for thousands of years. "
5.	Enema (Enemas) 01/01/1968 - "[Effectiveness of therapeutic enemas in the treatment of acute and chronic bacillary dysentery]." 11/08/1913 - "THE RATIONAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC BACILLARY DYSENTERY: AND THE ADVANTAGES OF ENEMATA OF SILVER GELATOSE."